Топик по английскому языку на тему - Kazakhstan для всех классов школы. Эссе по английскому языку "My Kazakhstan" Kazakh heroes эссе на английском с переводом

My motherland is Kazakhstan.

Kazakhstan - a country name,

Kazakhstan - is the name of the spring,

Kazakhstan - is the name of freedom,

Kazakhstan - is the sunlight,

Kazakhstan - the wings of victory!

My Kazakhstan - is the most expensive, important, precious, beloved country. This is my homeland ... ..

In Kazakhstan, a single family fifteen million people live, the representatives of more than a hundred nationalities. He ranked ninth in the world in terms of territory! Kazakhstan is rich in folk traditions and customs. Kazakh people - this is the most hospitable people. The largest, most beautiful festival is a celebration of Nauryz. It is celebrated on 22 March. And the biggest national holiday is the holiday of Independence Day. It is celebrated on the 16 th of December. Kazakhstan - a homeland for all Kazakhs, regardless of their nationality.

Kazakhstan - a large state, was built in difficult natural conditions. This steppe, semi-desert and desert. Kazakhstan is rich in mineral resources. We also have the famous "space city" Baikonur, from where to start in the Russian space rackets. Three large steppe river - Irtysh, Tobol and Ishim - carry their water in the Arctic Ocean, falling in front of this great Siberian river Ob. The rest of the river flow in the internal waters, the Caspian Sea, the Aral Sea and Balkhash.

This unique state like Kazakhstan, is no longer anywhere in the world!

Kazakhstan - a strong, strong power, and our task - to keep her that status. We must protect our homeland, to respect it, to observe the laws of our country, to protect nature and the wealth that gave us our Fatherland. And most importantly - we need to keep the peace in our country, to avoid the troubles and sorrows of all people to be happy.

Kazakhstan - a country of great opportunities, only two decades ago has become an independent. Its development comes rapidly.

The capital of my country is the city of Astana. Astana is a symbolic expression of our openness, both East and West, both South and North. This city is located in the geographical center of Eurasia.

That"s what my Kazakhstan: peaceful, free, rich, cosmopolitan. How can you not love this country? I am proud of my country"s past, devote her life to the present for the sake of our common future.

Now the XXI century - the century of the new generation, who will become the mainstay of the young state. We should pay great attention to study, try to acquire maximum knowledge. The State of the new millennium need educated, active people. From us will depend on the future of the state. "Kazakhstan needs an intellectual revolution, which will awaken and realize the potential of our nation" - said Nursultan Nazarbayev. Personally, I"m going to try to learn, to work for the state to contribute to the development of my country, the Republic of Kazakhstan. My independent Kazakhstan - this is my home, my native land!

Oh, Kazakhstan, How Great Thou Art!

I love you for your face mighty:

Over the steppes, mountains, rivers and seas,

For the fact that you - my motherland!

Z.Aytikina

Kazakhstan, officially Republic of Kazakhstan, has the population of 15,186,000 people and territory 2,719,500 sq km, is situated in central Asia. It borders on Siberian Russia in the north, China in the east, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan in the south, and the Caspian Sea and European Russia in the west. Astana is the capital and Almaty (Alma-Ata) is the largest city. Other major cities include Shymkent, Semey, Aqtobe, and Oskemen.

Kazakhstan consists of a vast flatland, bordered by a high mountain belt in the southeast. It extends from the lower Volga and the Caspian Sea in the west to the Altai Mts. in the east. It is largely lowland in the north and west, hilly in the center (Kazakh Hills), and mountainous in the south and east (Tian Shan and Altai ranges). Kazakhstan is a region of inland drainage; the Syr Darya, the Ili, the Chu, and other rivers drain into the Aral Sea and Lake Balkash. Most of the region is desert or has limited and irregular rainfall.

The population of Kazakhstan consists mainly of Muslim Kazakhs and Russians; there are smaller minorities of Ukrainians, Germans, Uzbeks, and Tatars. Kazakh, a Turkic language, is the official tongue, but Russian is still widely used.

Despite Kazakhstan’s largely arid conditions, its vast steppes accommodate both livestock and grain production. Wheat, cotton, sugar beets, and tobacco are the main crops. The raising of cattle and sheep is also important, and Kazakhstan produces much wool and meat. In addition, there are rich fishing grounds, famous for their caviar-producing sturgeon, in the Caspian, although these have been hurt by overfishing.

The Kazakh Hills in the core of the region have important mineral resources. Coal is mined at Qaraghandy and Ekibastuz, and there are major oil fields in the Emba basin. The country’s industries are located along the margins of the country. Steel, agricultural and mining machinery, superphosphate fertilizers, phosphorus acids, artificial fibers, synthetic rubber, textiles, and medicines are among the manufactured goods. Temirtau is the iron and steel center. The Baikonur (Bayqongyr) Cosmodrome in central Kazakhstan was the Soviet space-operations center and continues to serve Russian space exploration through an agreement between the two nations. The main trading partners are Russia, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.

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When I think of Kazakhstan, I imagine the mysterious deserts, vast rocky canyons, unique flora and fauna, the greatness of mountain peaks, emerald lakes.

The birthplace of many prominent people

This Eurasian country belongs to ancient civilization and it has been the home of the nomadic tribes. It is also the birthplace of many prominent people, such as the philosopher Hodja Ahmet Yassavi, famous bard Buhar Zhyrau, Kerey Khan, etc. Today, Kazakhstan is a prosperous country with high level of economy, education and culture.

The territory

It is considered to be the largest landlocked country in the world. Being situated in Central Asia, it shares borders with the following countries: Russia, Uzbekistan, China and some others. Its territory is mainly formed of steppe, taiga, deserts, canyons and snow-covered mountains.

The national flag

The National Flag of Kazakhstan features a blue rectangular cloth with the sun with 32 rays in the center. There’s a soaring steppe eagle under the sun.

The capital and population

The capital of the country is Astana. It’s a modern cosmopolitan city with plenty of architectural sights. The population of the country is more than 17 million people. The regular currency is the Kazakh tenge.

The climate

The climate of Kazakhstan is amazing. It spans four climatic zones: steppe, forest steppe, desert and semi-desert. The remoteness from oceans and its large area affect weather conditions. It can be severely cold in the north and stifling hot in the south.

Such contrasts are common throughout the country. The shortest season is spring. It lasts only 1,5 months. Over 80% of the territory belongs to inland areas. However, there are 8500 large and small rivers, including Irtysh, Ishim, Tobol, Karatal, Ural, Syr Darya. Many small or medium-sized rivers dry up in summer.

Flora and fauna

Flora and fauna of Kazakhstan are diverse. There are coniferous forests, steppes, and alpine meadows. There are plenty of reptiles in Kazakh steppes. Apart from that, antelopes, gazelles, jackals, various rodents can be found there.

Animals seen at the mountainous area are bears, deer, snow leopards and some other species. For wildlife conservation many natural reserves and national parks have been established.

Когда я думаю о Казахстане, то представляю таинственные пустыни, огромные скалистые каньоны, уникальную флору и фауну, величие горных вершин и изумрудные озера.

Родина многих выдающихся людей

Это евразийская страна принадлежит к древней цивилизации, она же служила домом кочевых племен. Она также была родиной многих выдающихся людей, таких как философ Ходжа Ахмед Яссави, известный бард Бухар жырау, Керей-хан, и т.д. Сегодня Казахстан – это процветающая страна с высоким уровнем экономики, образования и культуры.

Территория

Это крупнейшая в мире страна, окруженная сушей. Будучи расположенной в Центральной Азии, она граничит со следующими странами: Россия, Узбекистан, Китай и некоторыми другими. Ее территория в основном сформирована из степей, тайги, пустыни, каньонов и заснеженных гор.

Государственный флаг

Государственный флаг Республики Казахстан представляет собой голубое прямоугольное полотнище, посередине которого солнце с 32 лучами. Под солнцем парит степной орел.

Столица и население

Столица страны – Астана. Это современный мегаполис с большим количеством архитектурных достопримечательностей. Население страны составляет более 17 миллионов человек. Общепринятой валютой является казахский тенге.

Климат

Климат в Казахстане удивительный. Он охватывает сразу четыре климатические зоны: степь, лесостепь, пустыню и полупустыню. Отдаленность от океанов и большая площадь влияют на погодные условия. На севере может быть необычайный холод, а на юге – удушливая жара.

Такие контрасты часто встречаются по всей стране. Самый короткий сезон – это весна. Она длится всего 1,5 месяца. Более 80% территории относится к внутренним районам, удаленным от моря. Однако там же расположено 8500 больших и малых рек, в том числе Иртыш, Ишим, Тобол, Каратал, Урал, Сырдарья. Многие малые и средние реки высыхают в летний период.

Флора и фауна

Флора и фауна в Казахстане разнообразны. Там есть и хвойные леса, и степи, и альпийские луга. В казахских степях много пресмыкающихся. Помимо этого, там можно увидеть антилоп, газелей, шакалов и различных грызунов.

К животным из горных районов относятся медведи, олени, снежные барсы и другие виды. Для сохранения дикой природы были созданы природные заповедники и национальные парки.

Здесь Вы можете найти топик на английском языке: Kazakhstan.

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan or Kazakstan, officially Republic of Kazakhstan, republic (2005 est. pop. 15,186,000), c.1,050,000 sq mi (2,719,500 sq km), central Asia. It borders on Siberian Russia in the north, China in the east, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan in the south, and the Caspian Sea and European Russia in the west. Astana is the capital and Almaty (Alma-Ata) is the largest city. Other major cities include Shymkent, Semey, Aqtobe, and Oskemen.

Land and People

Kazakhstan consists of a vast flatland, bordered by a high mountain belt in the southeast. It extends nearly 2,000 mi (3,200 km) from the lower Volga and the Caspian Sea in the west to the Altai Mts. in the east. It is largely lowland in the north and west (W Siberian, Caspian, and Turan lowlands), hilly in the center (Kazakh Hills), and mountainous in the south and east (Tian Shan and Altai ranges). Kazakhstan is a region of inland drainage; the Syr Darya, the Ili, the Chu, and other rivers drain into the Aral Sea and Lake Balkash. Most of the region is desert or has limited and irregular rainfall.

The population of Kazakhstan consists mainly of Muslim Kazakhs (more than 45% of the population) and Russians (some 35%, many of whom belong to the Russian Orthodox Church); there are smaller minorities of Ukrainians, Germans, Uzbeks, and Tatars. Kazakh, a Turkic language, is the official tongue, but Russian is still widely used. There is considerable friction between the now dominant Kazakhs and the formerly favored ethnic Russians, who continue to emigrate in large numbers. Almaty is the site of Kazakhstan Univ. (founded 1934) and the Kazakh Academy of Sciences (founded 1946).

Economy

Despite Kazakhstan"s largely arid conditions, its vast steppes accommodate both livestock and grain production. In the 1950s, the Virgin Lands Program under Khrushchev brought hundreds of thousands of Russian, Ukrainian, and German settlers to the area. Wheat, cotton, sugar beets, and tobacco are the main crops. The raising of cattle and sheep is also important, and Kazakhstan produces much wool and meat. In addition, there are rich fishing grounds, famous for their caviar-producing sturgeon, in the N Caspian, although these have been hurt by overfishing.

The Kazakh Hills in the core of the region have important mineral resources. Coal is mined at Qaraghandy and Ekibastuz, and there are major oil fields in the Emba basin (which includes the important Tengiz fields), in the Mangyshlak Peninsula, and at Karachaganak (near the Russian border NE of Aksai). Kashagan, a field S of Atyrau in the NE Caspian Sea, appears to have great potential. A pipeline was built in the 1990s to connect the nation"s oil fields to the Black Sea. Kazakhstan also has large deposits of natural gas, iron ore, manganese, chrome, lead, zinc, silver, copper, nickel, titanium, bauxite, and gold. The Irtysh River hydroelectric stations are a major source of power.

The country"s industries are located along the margins of the country. Steel, agricultural and mining machinery, superphosphate fertilizers, phosphorus acids, artificial fibers, synthetic rubber, textiles, and medicines are among the manufactured goods. Temirtau is the iron and steel center. Semey was the Soviet center of space-related industries, and the surrounding region was the site of Soviet nuclear testing; radiation pollution is widespread in the area, which experienced a severe economic downturn following the end of nuclear testing in 1991. The Baikonur (Bayqongyr) Cosmodrome in central Kazakhstan was the Soviet space-operations center and continues to serve Russian space exploration through an agreement between the two nations. The main trading partners are Russia, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.

Government

Under the constitution of 1995, Kazakhstan is headed by a strong executive president, who is elected by popular vote. There is a bicameral parliament, most of whose members are elected, but its powers are limited. The country is divided into 14 administrative units, or oblasts.

History

The original nomadic Turkic tribes inhabiting the region had a culture that featured the Central Asian epics, ritual songs, and legends. These Kazakh groups were conquered by the Mongols in the 13th cent. and ruled by various khanates until the Russian conquest (1730-1840). The 19th cent. saw the growth of the Kazakh intelligentsia. A written literature strongly influenced by Russian culture was then developed.

In 1916 the Kazakhs rebelled against Russian domination and were in the process of establishing a Western-style state at the time of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, but by 1920 the region was under the control of the Red Army. Organized as the Kirghiz Autonomous SSR in 1920, it was renamed the Kazakh Autonomous SSR in 1925 and became a constituent republic in 1936. During the Stalin era, collectivization was instituted and millions of Kazakhs were forced to resettle in the region"s south in order to strengthen Russian rule. In the early 1960s parts of republic saw extensive agricultural development as the Virgin Lands Territory.

Kazakhstan declared its independence from the Soviet Union on Dec. 16, 1991, and the new nation became a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States . Nursultan Nazarbayev became the country"s first president and soon began a gradual movement toward privatization of the economy. In 1994, Kazakhstan signed a series of security agreements with the United States, in which the latter would take control of enriched uranium usable for nuclear weapons and aid Kazakhstan in removing extant nuclear weapons, closing missile silos, converting biological-weapons-production centers, and destroying its nuclear test ranges. These projects were financed by the United States, and many had been completed by late 1999.

Elections in 1994 gave a parliamentary majority to allies of Nazarbayev, but they resisted his reform plans. In Apr., 1995, after the 1994 election results were dismissed as invalid by the constitutional court, he suspended parliament and ruled by decree. New elections in Dec., 1995, gave his allies a majority in parliament but were criticized by the opposition and others as flawed. On the basis of referendums held in 1995 and 1996 that were denounced by the opposition, Nazarbayev"s term in office was extended to the year 2000 and his powers were increased. In an election rescheduled to Jan., 1999, Nazarbayev was reelected after disqualifying the major opposition candidate. Later the same year, the governing party and its allies won a majority in parliament.

Kazakhstan, along with Kyrgyzstan and Belarus, signed an economic cooperation pact with Russia in 1996. In 1997 the capital was moved from Almaty to the more centrally located Astana (formerly Aqmola). In 1999, as Kazakhstan"s economy worsened, the government agreed to sell some of its stake in the vast Tengiz oil field. In Sept., 2003, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine signed an agreement to create a common economic space. Parliamentary elections in 2004 were criticized by foreign observers as biased toward the government, and the main moderate opposition party accused the government of tampering with the vote. Following the collapse of the government in neighboring Kyrgyzstan in 2005, the parliament passed a series of repressive measures intended to prevent a similar popular revolt in Kazakhstan. Nazarbayev was reelected in Dec., 2005, but the campaign and balloting was called undemocratic by European observers.