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Master class “Love lyrics of the East in small forms of poetry. Artistic culture of the Muslim East Lyrical and philosophical poetry of the East presentation

Poetry in Farsi classical period (X-XV centuries) reveals the role of two branches of the Iranian people in its creation. Initially, it arose in the territory of Central Asia and Khorasan (now included in the borders of Central Asia, northern Afghanistan and Northern Iran), among the so-called “Eastern Iranians” (Tajiks), then it also spread to the territory of Iran, among the “Western Iranians” ( Persians, now called "Iranians"). Thus, until the 15th century. this literature was the common heritage of the peoples living in this territory.

There are two legends about the origin of this poetry.
According to one of them, the crowned darling of fate Shah Bahram Gur Sasanid (5th century), declaring his love with his “delight of the heart” - Dilaram, spoke in poetry.

Another legend tells the story of the creation of the first rubai (quatrain). The young man wandered through the narrow streets and alleys of Samarkand. Suddenly he heard a strange song sung by a boy who was playing nuts with his friends: “Rolling, rolling, he will roll to the hole.” Admired by the children's rhyme, the young man did not notice how, silently moving his lips, he himself began to fold melodic rubai about the beauties of Samarkand and the charm of his home in the mountains of Zarafshan. This young man was Rudaki, the founder of classical poetry in the Farsi language.
The legend about the palace origin of poetry reflects the real-historical fact of the flourishing of early medieval poetry (not in Farsi, but in Central Iranian languages) under the patronage of the powerful Sassanid dynasty - III-VII centuries, which had its own court singers-musicians.
The Iranian peoples of Central Asia and Iran possessed by the 7th century. rich literary heritage in ancient and central Iranian languages, the origins of which go back to the first millennium BC, to the holy book of the Zoroastrian (ancient Iranian) religion “Avesta”.

Invasion of the troops of the Arab Caliphate in the 7th century. to Iran, and later to Central Asia, dealt a crushing blow to ancient Iranian culture. The new religion of the conquerors - Islam and Arabic. “Centuries of silence” have come for Iranian literature. Literature seemed to have ceased to exist: many of the ancient works were burned by the conquerors as blasphemous, and new ones were not written. And yet Iranian literature did not disappear completely; it remained only in a “foreign language state.”

This lasted until the 9th century. The culture of the Iranian peoples turned out to be higher than the culture of the conquerors. The educated layers of Iranians managed to master the Arab tradition, which was new to them, to perceive the most valuable elements of Arab pre-Islamic and Islamic culture, and at the same time managed to preserve the original features of the ancient Iranian tradition.

The work of such writers is also connected with the ideology of the Iranian "Shuubi" (foreign) movements the main thing was the demand for recognition by the Arabs of the equality and even superiority of Muslim “foreigners” (that is, not Arabs, but Iranians), the cultivation of a feeling self-esteem and the desire for state independence from the Caliphate.

The services of the Shuubiites in the subsequent emergence of poetry in Farsi, primarily in their translations into Arabic, are invaluable. The contribution of Iranian writers who wrote in Arabic was so significant and significant that it determined new stage developments in Arabic poetry itself, which was directly related to the rise of feudalism in the Arab Caliphate, the growth of cities, the expansion of overseas trade and international relations, as well as the strengthening of the role of the Iranian ethnic element in the ruling Abbasid dynasty itself (Abbas is the uncle of the Prophet Muhammad; the descendants of Abbas led the caliphate (750-1258), the capital of which was in Baghdad) and in state apparatus(the main viziers are the Iranians Barmekids).
Thus, Iranian poetry, which initially appeared in Arabic-language garb, not only raised Arabic literature, of which it is an integral part, to a new height, but prepared the preconditions for the subsequent emergence of literature in its native language - Farsi.

Socio-economic changes and powerful anti-caliphate popular movements in Iran and Central Asia brought to power the Iranian dynasties, first the Tahirads and Saffarids, then the famous Samanid dynasty. The Samanids descended from the Sassanids and based their influence on the aristocratic layers of society and the people on the renewal of ancient Iranian traditions.

The Samanid dynasty cultivated its native language, Farsi, and contributed to its development. The aristocracy, led by the monarch, appreciated the role of poetry, which was extremely popular among the people, as a means of strengthening its power and influence. All this objectively opened up wide access for democratic ideas in classical literature. It is important to note that poetry focused its attention (unlike ancient Iranian poetry) not on praising deities, but on the depiction of man- either as a successful monarch and his entourage, or as a simple person.

The fate of the founder of classical poetry in Farsi, Rudaki, symbolizes the path of the emergence and development of poetry, the struggle of two trends: folk and aristocratic.
Rudaki was born and spent his childhood and youth in the small village of Rudak (modern territory of Tajikistan), located on the slopes of the Zarafshan ridge. Before becoming famous at the Samanid court, the poet was known as a folk singer and musician. The poet chose the name of his native village – Rudaki – as his pseudonym. Under the conditions of that time, written poetry could only develop at court, and Rudaki appeared in the Samanid palace, where he was surrounded with honor and wealth. But Rudaki here experiences the tragedy of all the great poets, his lyre sounds only for the courtiers and he has to leave the Samanid palace.
The most significant thing in Rudaki’s poetry was the unique discovery of nature and man. The work of the entire galaxy of poets surrounding Rudaki is characterized by almost complete absence religious motifs, mystical images and a passionate passion for pre-Islamic motifs and subjects. Hence the numerous attempts to compose the Shahnameh. The excerpts from the works of these poets that have come down to us exude freshness of images, natural simplicity and wit; their works are not yet constrained by the conventions of form, so characteristic of the poetry of later centuries. The humanistic content of poetry to the greatest extent expressed the worldview that arose in the prosperous feudal cities new social layer, educated people, who lived by mental labor, the medieval intelligentsia.
By the end of the 10th century. As a result of internal contradictions in the state, the decline and then the collapse of the Samanid dynasty began. The current situation was not conducive to the development of literature, however, the end of the 10th and beginning of the 12th century was the most brilliant period in the development of classical poetry. This period is unparalleled in medieval history Iranian culture. This period is characterized by the formation of the main genre forms of classical poetry.
The most prominent representative of this period is the brilliant Ferdowsi, who expressed in his Shahnama the resurrection of antiquity, his native antiquity. Ferdowsi's work is characterized by an appeal to an unusual heroic personality. Brought up on the ancient tales of the Iranian peoples, an expert and passionate admirer of his native culture, Ferdowsi in his work turns to the fabulous hero Rustam, who for several centuries, as impregnable fortress stood guard over the homeland, uniting around himself all the heroes who were ready to die for the sake of salvation native land from the constant raids of the Turanians (as in the time of Ferdowsi the ancestors of the Turkic nomads who threatened the Samanid state were called). This is how Ferdowsi conceived the epic about Iranian kings and heroes.
Despite all the differences between the great poets of that time, they share common features: love for their homeland and native language, raising ethical questions, the idea of ​​a just ruler, sympathy for the people, freethinking and the cult of reason.
Deep philosophical thoughts, recognition of the principle of determinism in the universe, cheerful free-thinking, and the spirit of rationalism are characteristic of the internationally recognized poet Omar Khayyam.
He was also a major scientist: an astronomer, mathematician, co-author of the most accurate calendar, discoverer of the binomial, which was rediscovered many centuries later by Newton. Khayyam wrote mathematical and philosophical treatises, but he won world fame precisely for his poetic miniatures - lyrical quatrains.
The work of Nasser Khosrow is associated with the stormy popular anti-feudal movement of the 10th century. In his philosophical works and in many odic works, Nasser Khosrow remained captive of mystical views.
The final period of classical poetry was the XIII-XV centuries.
In the 13th century, a great disaster struck Iran and Central Asia - the invasion of the hordes of Genghis Khan. Many gifted poets who wrote in Farsi were forced to live far from their homeland.

The despotic rule of the Chingizids caused incalculable damage to culture. However, poetry not only did not stop in its development, but even experienced a new rise.

Poetry of the XIII-XIV centuries. carried within itself the features of mysticism and rationalism, and this gave philosophical depth to its two directions:
- philosophical and didactic, appealing primarily to reason, and
- philosophical and lyrical, appealing primarily to feelings.
The first direction prevailed among Saadi, the second among Jalaluddin Rumi.

Saadi lived a long life, a whole century. He himself once said that a person needs to live two lives: in one to seek, get lost, seek again, and in the other to implement the accumulated experience. So he did: he spent the first half century of his life in wanderings and quests. When Genghis Khan's hordes approached his city, he left his home and went to wander around the world. Wherever Saadi visited: the Arabian desert, Azerbaijan and Syria, Egypt and Morocco. He fought with the crusaders, was captured, almost died, but escaped and again wandered through cities and deserts, exposed to countless dangers. Having overcome all difficulties, Saadi returned to his Shiraz as an old man. Wise by experience, having gained great respect for his knowledge and poetry, Saadi spent the second half century in peace. It was then that he wrote his famous books about how to live - the prose and poetic collection of short stories “Gulistan” (“Blooming Garden”) and the masnavi poem “Bustan” (“Fruitful Garden”). Saadi developed the artistic concept of humanism and for the first time, not only in poetry in Farsi, but also in world fine literature, he created the very term “humanism” (“humanity” - “adamiyyat”), expressing it in a beautiful poetic formula that has become world famous:
The whole tribe of Adam is one body,
Created from the dust of one.
If only one part of the body is wounded,
Then the whole body will fall into trembling.
You never cried over human grief,
So will people say that you are human?

Jalaladdin Rumi was a native of Balkh (a city in Afghanistan) and therefore is often called Jalaladdin Balkhi. His father to the beginning Mongol invasion left his native land and moved to Asia Minor. Here Jalaliddin developed as a poet. Rumi is the author of ghazals and the six-volume “Spiritual Masnavi” - an encyclopedia of not only his Sufi teachings, but also folklore, since the poet bases his teachings on parables, legends, fables, anecdotes and short stories, largely of folk origin. Rumi's poetic form - be it ghazal, rubai, masnavi - is always perfect. The main pathos of his poetry is love for people.

The lyrical genre was represented by Hafez. Hafez is a poetic pseudonym; the word "haviz" means a person with a good memory, able to recite by heart holy book Muslims Koran. Such was the youth of the poet from Shiraz, whose name Shamsaddin Muhammad was almost supplanted by his world-famous pseudonym. Hafez was revered in his time for his great theological knowledge, but he gained immortal fame as one of the world's greatest lyricists thanks to his ghazals.

Before its extinction, classical poetry again seemed to flare up with a multi-colored flame, especially in the work of Jami. All the creative diversity of his predecessors in their magnificent qasidas, melodic ghazals, masnavi poems is visible in his works. The darling of fate, who enjoyed great honor and respect at the Timurid court, Jami chose the modest lifestyle of a sage striving for truth, far from the vanity of the palace.
If we compare the creative achievements of classical poetry in Farsi with the ancient Iranian tradition, then both their continuity and the innovative nature of the classics, which, in turn, became a tradition for subsequent literary generations, will become obvious.
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Teacher: Kirasirova Havva Vildanovna

POETRY OF THE EAST

Slide 2

Study the outstanding Eastern poets of the Middle Ages and their works.

Slide 3

What are the works of oriental lyricists?

The main question

Slide 4

  • Rudaki;
  • Ibn Sina;
  • Nasser Khasrow;
  • Omar Khayyam;
  • Saadi;
  • Rami;
  • Cumene;
  • Dogs;

  • Slide 5

    Abu Abdallah Jafar Rudaki

    Years of life: 860-941

    One of the main founders of oriental poetry, was born in the village of Panjrud. He achieved the highest glory and fame at the court of the Sasanian rulers of Bukhara, but at the end of his life he fell out of favor and was forced to return to his native village, where he died. His poetic heritage, according to one version, numbers over 130 thousand couplets, according to another - 1300 thousand, but not much more than 1000 beits have survived to our time. In his work, Rudaki widely used a wide variety of poetic genres - qasidas, ghazals, rubais, etc. His poetry is characterized by a pronounced humanistic pathos, laconicism and simplicity of style.

    Slide 6

    Sunrise resembles his glorious name,
    The moon is like a cup in the pen, which the Shah drinks in good health.
    The very happy fate of the leader leads to achievements.
    All the prosperity of the earth is the fruit of his care.
    Here the suffering person will not find joyful fruits.
    This garden is treacherous, this arch is false.
    The gardener will cut off your life like a dry branch,
    And the whirlwind will tear off your leaves and carry them away.

    Slide 7

    Ibn Sina Abu Ali Hussein

    Years of life: 980-1037

    Encyclopedist scientist, poet, was born near Bukhara. He wrote in Arabic and Tajik. Left a huge scientific heritage- about 300 works, among them the “Canon of Medical Science,” which for almost five centuries was considered one of the main medical manuals. Among the philosophical treatises, the most famous are: “The Book of Healing”, “The Book of Directions and Instructions”, “The Book of Knowledge”. Ibn Sina's poetry is distinguished by its deep content and extraordinary clarity of thought.

    Slide 8

    With two or three donkeys near the mosque,
    That they think they are the wisest in the world,
    Look like a donkey so you can be a giaur
    These ignoramuses did not suddenly announce.
    When my friend gets along with my enemy,
    I will be glad to leave such a friend.
    Beware of the fly sitting on the snake
    And stay away from honey, it contains poison.

    Slide 9

    NASIR KHOSROW ABU MUIN

    Years of life: 1004 – 1072

    Born in Kabadian. He was the author of numerous philosophical treatises, prose and poetic works, in which he acted as a passionate defender of the interests of peasants and artisans, not accepting and sharply criticizing the anti-people policies of the Seljuk rulers of Central Asia and the religious tenets of official Islam.

    Slide 10

    DUPLICITY

    Words that went with deeds apart
    And into which it was not possible to breathe life, -
    “Dastambui” looks like a melon, sadly enough:
    She is a beauty - fragrant, but tasteless...
    To the prudent I show the way:
    Don't be a playing ball or a ball!
    Flattering those who play, ardent in servility
    The ball faces everyone, not the back of the head.
    And you are not the one who is not happy to reap,
    Don't say words that you yourself hate.

    Slide 11

    OMAR KHAYYAM GHIYASADDIN

    Years of life: 1048 – 1122

    Poet, mathematician, philosopher and astronomer; born in Nishapur. He first gained wide fame as the author of mathematical works, and later created a number of works in the most various areas sciences containing the most valuable discoveries that have not lost their significance to this day. As a poet, he became famous for his quatrains - rubai, bringing this complex poetic genre, containing deep philosophical meaning, to the highest degree of perfection.

    Slide 12

    Not a word in the Book of Fate can be changed.
    Those who suffer forever cannot be excused.
    You can drink your bile until the end of your life:
    Life cannot be shortened and cannot be lengthened.
    He who from youth believes in his own mind,
    In pursuit of the truth, he became dry and gloomy.
    Claiming from childhood to know life,
    Instead of becoming a grape, it turned into a raisin.

    Slide 13

    SAADI (MUSLIHADDIN ABU MUHAMMED ABDALLAH)

    Years of life: 1210 – 1292

    Born in Shiraz, he traveled around the eastern countries for more than twenty years, which resulted in the books “Bustan” and “Gulistan”, in which he talked about his life working people– farmers, traders and artisans. It was these books that brought him fame as a great humanist poet, champion of the rights of the disadvantaged and oppressed.

    Slide 14

    ABOUT HUMILITY

    A drop rushed down from the cloud
    And, falling into the waves of the sea, she became embarrassed.
    “How small I am, but here there is such space...
    I am nothing before the abyss of the sea!”
    She despised herself, belittled herself;
    But the shell sheltered the drop;
    And the pearl born from that drop,
    The king was decorated with a golden crown.
    The drop considered itself insignificant -
    She sparkled with beauty and glory.
    Humility is the path of the high sages,
    This is how the branch bends under the weight of the fruit.

    Slide 15

    RUMI JALALEDDIN

    Years of life: 1207 – 1273

    Born in Balkh. The author of the famous poem “Masnavi”, in which he gave a figurative interpretation of the main provisions of Sufi philosophy. He illustrated his complex theoretical positions with parables, fables, and short stories, many of whose plots echoed well-known folklore motifs, which made this poem a true encyclopedia folk life. Rumi was the author of the “Great Divan” (“Devani Kabir”), many ghazals, which he “signed” with the name of his friend Shams Tabrezi.

    Slide 16

    GRAMMAR DISPUTE WITH THE HELMER

    One day a scientist boarded the grammarian's ship.
    And this narcissistic man asked the helmsman:
    “Did you read the syntax?” “No,” the helmsman answered.
    “You lived half your life in vain!” - the learned man said.
    The worthy helmsman was seriously offended,
    But he just kept silent and looked calm.
    Then the wind blew up like mountains, the waves exploded,
    And the helmsman of the pale grammarian asked:
    “Did you learn to swim?” He is in great trepidation
    He said: “No, oh sage of the council, kind-faced!” -
    “Alas, the learned man! - said the sailor. –
    You wasted your life: the ship is going down! »

    Slide 17

    KAMOL KHUJANDI (KAMOLODDIN IBN MASUD)

    Years of life: ? – 1400g.

    Born in Khojent, later lived and died in Tabriz. He entered the history of Eastern literature primarily as a master of ghazals, in which he sang love, loyalty and friendship. In Kamol’s poetry, the traditions of folk song are especially noticeable, and the motives of protest that sounded in many of his works reflected the rebellious nature of the poet’s own worldview.

    Slide 18

    As soon as the wind blows from the mountains, it will tear off flower petals,
    The water in the irrigation ditches will boil and dew will fall on the rose.
    The narcissus is waiting for the rose to bloom - it will also bloom then, The boxwood and cypress are silent, only the nightingale sings then.
    Praise be to the one who heard the breath of the gardens in the spring,
    I knew the scent of roses and the nightingale's call at night.
    The beauty will come to the meadows to say that it’s not for nothing that I’m waiting,
    That the fruit of desire has ripened and the rose has blossomed in the garden.
    But everyone who has ever seen her face in the shadow of her hair,
    Losing my mind, I forgot both the cypress and the smell of roses!
    In vain did the flower wish to eclipse your lips with its beauty,
    The gardener picks flowers from the bush, and the wind is cruel to the petals...
    Kamol, let your life wither, like flowers wither from the winds,
    You have found happiness on earth - you have seen colored roses!

    Slide 19

    JAMI ABDURRAHMAN NURADDIN IBN AHMAD

    Years of life: 1414 – 1492

    Poet, scientist, philosopher; born in Herat. He was the author of the famous “Semiritsa” - seven poems, large quantities gazelles. hack and beat. His name was widely known in Herat, and the poet himself enjoyed enormous influence in the city, which gave him the opportunity to provide patronage to many cultural figures of that time.

    Slide 20

    When you step into a snake's hole,
    There is mercy here, dear, and pity is not good
    Don’t wait for the snake’s hiss, don’t believe its tears...
    Squash the reptile immediately, or you will die yourself!
    It’s useless to boast, friends,
    Stupid than a dark night
    Look for ant tracks
    In the moss of a huge rock...
    But in the secret place of my soul,
    I confess to you straight away,
    It will be more difficult to climb
    How to dig a hole with your nose...

    Slide 21

    The works of all eastern poets are imbued with a deep philosophical meaning. They are moralizing and meaningful.

    View all slides

    water; My voice is so sweet in the silence of the night, I came to you in the enchanting darkness. My body is invisible, my spirit is invisible. Accept it! - and my image will be yours. It will settle in the heart and, like a flower, will bloom and flare up. The chill will go away - That cold that made you tremble, Hid love from you... And it’s gone, your heart is free now! Open the snow-white door for love! But you ask who I am. I will answer immediately: “I am the one who is not here and now. I came from the darkness and into the darkness I will go, I will cover my path with shadows.”

    Only the one who has found God's mercy is fed and watered is rich and alive. There is a secret of two, but three have no secret, And everyone knows the secret of four. The moon has darkened, the sky is gloomy, Snow is coming and coming from a black cloud. Neither mountains, nor rivers, nor fields are visible, And the crow, which is darker than the darkness, is not visible. I have no firewood, no corned beef, and no barley until the next harvest. Even though I see snow - a mountain of ivory - I am afraid of extortion at such a time. The whole world suddenly turned upside down... At least my friend could help me with something!

    Slide 1

    The work was completed by 7a grade student Kirasirova Amina. Teacher: Kirasirova Havva Vildanovna

    Slide 2

    Slide 3

    Slide 4

    Slide 5

    Years of life: 860-941 One of the main founders of oriental poetry, was born in the village of Panjrud. He achieved the highest glory and fame at the court of the Sasanian rulers of Bukhara, but at the end of his life he fell out of favor and was forced to return to his native village, where he died. His poetic heritage, according to one version, numbers over 130 thousand couplets, according to another - 1300 thousand, but not much more than 1000 beits have survived to our time. In his work, Rudaki widely used a wide variety of poetic genres - qasidas, ghazals, rubais, etc. His poetry is characterized by a pronounced humanistic pathos, laconicism and simplicity of style. menu

    Slide 6

    The sunrise resembles his glorious name, the Moon is like a cup of feathers, which the Shah drinks in good health. The very happy fate of the leader leads to achievements. All the prosperity of the earth is the fruit of his care. Here the suffering person will not find joyful fruits. This garden is treacherous, this arch is false. The gardener will cut off your life like a dry branch, and a whirlwind will tear off your leaves and carry them away. menu

    Slide 7

    Years of life: 980-1037 Encyclopedist scientist, poet, was born near Bukhara. He wrote in Arabic and Tajik. He left a huge scientific legacy - about 300 works, among them the “Canon of Medical Science”, which for almost five centuries was considered one of the main medical manuals. Among the philosophical treatises, the most famous are: “The Book of Healing”, “The Book of Directions and Instructions”, “The Book of Knowledge”. Ibn Sina's poetry is distinguished by its deep content and extraordinary clarity of thought. menu menu

    Slide 8

    With two or three donkeys near the mosque, who think they are the wisest in the world, pretend to be a donkey, so that these ignoramuses do not suddenly declare you a giaur. When my friend finds harmony with my enemy, I will be glad to leave such a friend. Beware of the fly sitting on the snake And avoid honey, which contains poison. menu

    Slide 9

    Years of life: 1004 – 1072 Born in Kabadian. He was the author of numerous philosophical treatises, prose and poetic works, in which he acted as a passionate defender of the interests of peasants and artisans, not accepting and sharply criticizing the anti-people policies of the Seljuk rulers of Central Asia and the religious tenets of official Islam. menu

    Slide 10

    Words that went with deeds apart And into which life could not be breathed - Similar to a “dastambui” melon, no matter how sad: She is a beauty - fragrant, but tasteless... I show the prudent the way: Don’t be a playing ball or a ball! Having flattered the players, in ardent sycophancy the ball is turned towards everyone with its face, not the back of the head. And you are not the one who is not happy to reap, Don’t talk words that you yourself dislike. menu

    Slide 11

    Years of life: 1048 – 1122 Poet, mathematician, philosopher and astronomer; born in Nishapur. He first gained wide fame as the author of mathematical works, and later created a number of works in various fields of science, containing the most valuable discoveries that have not lost their significance to this day. As a poet, he became famous for his quatrains - rubai, bringing this complex poetic genre, containing deep philosophical meaning, to the highest degree of perfection. menu

    Slide 12

    Not a word in the Book of Fate can be changed. Those who suffer forever cannot be excused. You can drink your bile until the end of your life: Life cannot be shortened and cannot be lengthened. He who, from his youth, believes in his own mind, has become dry and gloomy in pursuit of the truth. Claiming from childhood to know life, without becoming a grape, he turned into a raisin. menu

    Slide 13

    Years of life: 1210 - 1292 Born in Shiraz, he traveled around eastern countries for more than twenty years, which resulted in the books “Bustan” and “Gulistan”, in which he talked about the life of the working people - farmers, traders and artisans. It was these books that brought him fame as a great humanist poet, champion of the rights of the disadvantaged and oppressed. menu

    Slide 14

    A drop rushed down from the cloud and, falling into the waves of the sea, became confused. “How small I am, but here there is such space... I am nothing before the abyss of the sea!” She despised herself, belittled herself; But the shell sheltered the drop; And the pearl, born from that drop, adorned the King’s golden crown. The drop considered itself insignificant - And it shone with beauty and glory. Humility is the path of high sages, So a branch bends under the weight of fruits. menu

    Slide 15

    Years of life: 1207 – 1273 Born in Balkh. The author of the famous poem “Masnavi”, in which he gave a figurative interpretation of the main provisions of Sufi philosophy. He illustrated his complex theoretical positions with parables, fables, and short stories, many of whose plots echoed well-known folklore motifs, which made this poem a true encyclopedia of folk life. Rumi was the author of the “Great Divan” (“Devani Kabir”), many ghazals, which he “signed” with the name of his friend Shams Tabrezi. menu

    Slide 16

    One day a scientist boarded the grammarian's ship. And this narcissistic husband asked the helmsman: “Have you read the syntax?” “No,” the helmsman answered. “You lived half your life in vain!” - the learned man said. The worthy helmsman was seriously offended, but he only remained silent and kept a calm appearance. Then the wind blew up like mountains, the waves exploded, And the helmsman of the pale grammarian asked: “Have you learned to swim?” He, in great trepidation, said: “No, oh sage of advice, kind-faced!” - “Alas, the learned man! - said the sailor. “You wasted your life: the ship is going down!” » menu

    Slide 17

    Years of life: ? – 1400g. Born in Khojent, later lived and died in Tabriz. He entered the history of Eastern literature primarily as a master of ghazals, in which he sang love, loyalty and friendship. In Kamol’s poetry, the traditions of folk song are especially noticeable, and the motives of protest that sounded in many of his works reflected the rebellious nature of the poet’s own worldview. menu

    MASTER CLASS

    LITERARY LOUNGE FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

    "LIT YOUR STAR"

    « Love lyrics The East in small forms of poetry"

    Form: Meeting of poets

    (ACCOMPANIED BY A PRESENTATION FOR THE MASTER CLASS)

    1.Motivational attitude.

    Against the background of music it reads:

    (Translation is projected onto the slide)

    Hey Jurai John, be tu Jahonro chi kunam?

    Be tu guli surkhi arguvonro chi kunam?

    Be tu guli surkhi arguvon bisyorai,

    Dil maili tu dorad, digaronro chi kunam?

    Translation:

    Oh, my dear, I don’t need this world without you!

    Why do I need this beautiful scarlet flower without you?

    The world is full of beautiful scarlet flowers...

    But my heart desires you, and only you!

    The East has long captivated travelers with its original culture, wealth and some kind of mystery.

    Eastern beauty, oriental songs, dances, poems - all this amazed those who visited eastern countries. Refinement in everything: in aromas, in clothes, in manners.

    Many people call the East wise. Many are wonderful.

    Today we will try to look under the mysterious veil of eastern culture and get acquainted with eastern poetry, its small forms (genres)

    It is no secret that the shahs and sultans maintained corps of court poets and even fought among themselves for the opportunity to have the best and most talented at court, not simply because they loved true poetry.

    They knew that the verse of the popular poet would immediately go beyond the palace and become the property of the bazaar - the center of ideological life of that time.

    II . So, the topic of my master class "LIT YOUR STAR"

    The goal is to show what methods and techniques I use in the classroom and extracurricular activities when working with TRKM (technology for the development of critical thinking), and also try to get closer to the mysterious poetry of the East, learn and discover new things, cultivate aesthetic taste and a sense of beauty.

    We will talk about the love lyrics of the East in small forms of poetry

    (Jami Magtymguly, Nizami Ganjavi, Nosir Khisrow, Omar Khayyam, RudakI (the founder of poetry in Farsi), RumI SaadI, Hafiz ShirazI, FirdousI)

    The names of Persian-Tajik poets Rudaki, Ferdowsi, Omar Khayyam, Hafiz Shirazi, Saadi, Rumi belong to the “golden row” of world poetry and are as famous as the names of Dante and Petrarch, Shakespeare and Byron, Goethe and Schiller, Pushkin and Lermontov.

    Translations of poems by Persian-Tajik poets or responses and variations on oriental themes are found in Zhukovsky and Pushkin, Fet and Yesenin.

    The poem I read has no author - it is folk (khalki)

    But you and I will work with smallcopyrighted genres of poetry

    What genres of oriental poetry do you know? (beit, rubai, qasida, ghazal, etc.)

    We will conduct a master class not quite in the usual form-form literary lounge “Meeting of Poets”. Today we will try ourselves in the role of poets, using the “Test of the Pen” technique

    I will ask the participants of the master class to sit at the tables.

    The "Test of the Pen" technique allows you to develop creativity students, critical thinking, develops the ability to create their own poetic literary texts; develop the need for self-knowledge and self-improvement. Now, when time increasingly requires us and our children to make interesting and innovative decisions in order not to get lost in this world, but to find our place in life, critical thinking helps like no other. Also, this technique is invaluable in the work of the Young Journalist circle and the school newspaper Lyceumist, of which I am the editor.

    You will work in pairs, (split into pairs)

    There is a hint on your tables: how to compose poems of small genres (forms).

    III . It's time to get acquainted with the genres of oriental poetry.

    (participants have a printout, also projected on the screen)

    . Beit — a couplet that contains a specific complete thought can be rhymed or unrhymed. In eastern poetry, beits were used to make up ghazals, rubai, etc.

    The darkness of the braids and the moonlight took away everything completely:

    And during the day there is no rest for the soul, and at night there is no time for sleep!

    . Gazelle - It usually consists of 5-12 betes, in the first of which both hemistiches rhyme, followed by rhyming through the line. The last beat mostly mentions the name of the author. The main content of ghazals is love, the longing of lovers, and philosophical thoughts.

    When I choose the beautiful Shiraz as my idol,

    I will give both Samarkand and Bukhara for her mole.

    (Hafiz)

    . Rubaiyat — a quatrain where lines 1, 2 and 4 rhyme. Sometimes all 4 lines rhyme. Philosophical and love content, which contains a specific idea, underlined in the last line.

    The goal of the creator and the pinnacle of creation is us.

    Wisdom, reason, source of insight - we

    This circle of the universe is like a ring. -

    It's a cut diamond, without a doubt we

    Good word has always been valued in the east. In peacetime, poets performed at folk holidays, competing in the ability to create short poems.

    Today we will hold a meeting of poets in the formMushairY - public competition for the title of the best poet of the East. (Slide)

    MushairA - An ancient poetry competition. Even during the time of Omar Khayyam, the most famous poets competed for the title of the best. As a reward to the winner, his name was inscribed on the sacred stone of the Kaaba in Mecca. Today are new times, and the main prize is just money...

    IV . What is required of you, dear masters artistic word?

    Create your own rubaiyat, beit or ghazal. You have signs on your tables with the name of the genre in which you will need to create your creations.

    And the winner's reward will be a Star in the eastern sky.

    We will light the Star of the best poet of love lyrics.

    V . In the meantime, the focus group creates their creations, we will “work” with the works of famous Persian-Tajik poets. I will read wonderful poems by Eastern poets, and you will try to title them. Using keywords, select titles for the passages.

    Explanation of the technique “Choose a name” Technique “ Keywords”

    During lessons, the key words highlighted by students in the text can serve as points in a plan for solving a learning problem.

    At this stage (literary living room), the technique helps to actualize personal meanings when working with the text and select the right titles.

    Key words or phrases capture the essence of the passages.

    Readable and projected on screen

    1. Omar Khayyam

    For loving you, let everyone around you judge you,

    Believe me, I don’t have time to argue with the ignorant.

    Only husbands are healed by the love potion,

    And it brings a cruel illness to bigots.

    2.Abulkasim Ferdowsi:

    Having given gifts, do not be sad about them,

    Know the price, O my son, of earthly treasures.

    Know that only he is worthy of the royal share,

    Who would easily give the firmament as a gift.

    3. Rudaki:

    Oh woe to the heart, in which there is no passion,

    Love in which is not woven into a pattern.

    Only one day that you will spend without love,

    The most barren one looks at him reproachfully.

    4. Hafiz Shirazi

    May fate forever be friends with your heart, and nothing more is needed.

    Breathe, Shiraz breeze - and you don’t need more!

    Be faithful to your old beloved, be attached to your homeland.

    Don’t look for distant roads—and you don’t need more!

    5. Omar Khayyam:

    In the morning my rose wakes up,

    My rose blooms in the wind.

    O cruel sky! Has barely blossomed -

    How my rose is already crumbling.

    6.Saadi.

    Exhausted from love,

    I will die of happiness at your feet!

    Just call me, Leili,

    I'll tear my heart into pieces...

    7. Jalaluddin RumI

    Love is honest and that's why it

    given for the healing of the soul.

    Love can give us speech,

    Make them sing and doom them to silence!

    SO, THE FOCUS GROUP IS READY.

    I THINK IT'S TIME TO LIGHT THE STARS IN THE EASTERN SKY

    (participants read)

    Question to the audience: are our poets worthy of a star in the eastern sky?Shall we light it?

    The stars are lit according to the number of participants (each participant has his own star).

    P
    Note:     You can also stick star stickers on fabric or decorations that the kids prepare for the event themselves.

    VI . VIDEO - EXCERPT FROM THE FILM "KING - SINGING BIRD"

    All of you, I am sure, remember the wonderful love story of Feride and Kamran, based on the novel of the same name by Reshat Nuri Guntekin. Love that was able to endure the violent blows of fate and go through many years, but still retain its original sensuality and truthfulness.

    VII .

    I invite you to think about this question:

    Does unhappy love bring people moments of joy?

    (answers from the audience)

    VIII . Let's try to argue this by working in RAFT technology.

    Participants of the master class are invited to divide into 2 groups.

    RAFT technology is a pedagogical technique aimed at creating written texts certain topics. Creations may vary in genre and design. This method teaches students to consider a topic from different sides and points of view, teaches skills writing. It is one of the ways of teaching critical thinking, forms a system of judgments, promotes the ability to analyze objects, content, problems, formulate one’s well-founded conclusions, and make one’s assessments.( Mushtavinskaya I.V.)

    This strategy is reminiscent of the five-stage method of writing a text, only in this case the stage of trying out the pen, that is, the process of creating the primary text itself, is structured somewhat more clearly.

    Students (in our case, the focus group) are asked to decide on four parameters for the future text:

    R - role. That is, on whose behalf will you write?

    (Unhappy Love/Happy Love)

    A - audience. Who will you write to?

    F - in what form will you write (monologue, essay, story, etc.).

    T - topic. What will your text focus on? What is its main idea?

    This structuring will help students approach writing text more meaningfully, and for some it will serve as an opportunity to relieve unnecessary stress: when I write on someone else’s behalf, excessive control and fear of evaluation disappear.

    So, RAFT

    RAFT

    1 GROUP

    GROUP 2

    ROLE

    HAPPY LOVE

    UNHAPPY LOVE

    AUDIENCE

    HALL

    HALL

    FORM

    MONOLOGUE

    MONOLOGUE

    TOPIC

    LOVE MAKES A PERSON HAPPY (?)

    LOVE MAKES A PERSON HAPPY

    (?)

    You, my dear assistants, are given 3 minutes of time for this task.

    IX . I SUGGEST FOR THE AUDIENCE TO LISTEN TO THE BEAUTIFUL POEM OF OMAR KHAYYAM AND ENJOY THE VISUAL IMAGES

    (Video)

    “Love stories come in different forms”

    The story of love is different for everyone.

    Sometimes she’s passionate, sometimes she’s sad, sometimes she’s unhappy!

    It happens that a feeling through the brain cannot get through due to doubts.

    Whatever you save, whatever you earn, you will receive without a doubt!

    I, telling only about My own, that there are many different things in life!

    And they must not see in it all the colors of existence and torture, so as not to be left with nothing. Life will always give us a chance: who to love, who to hate - together,

    And most importantly, believe me, do not confuse your curtsy, so as not to bow to someone you don’t need to, loving and being loved is Happiness! I wish you happiness to everyone who loves and is loved!

    After all, Life without colors makes you faceless. And peace, and life, and joy, and love!

    Love to be loved - Again

    So, are the groups ready? Let's see what you got

    Listening to group monologues

    So, does unhappy love bring moments of joy to people?

    Questions for master class participants. Questions for the audience.

    XI . Training “What I wish for you” for master class participants

    Please stand in a circle, since the circle is a symbol of our belonging to each other. It will be better if it is a semicircle, so as not to stand with your back to the viewer and the audience.

    The symbol of love is the heart... Why the heart?

    Why do people say: I love with all my heart, and not with my kidneys or lungs, for example, my heart is broken (from love), and not my head or a broken arm? Why the heart?

    Because the heart is our life. You can feel with your heart. Remember the legend about Danko, who tore out his heart to light the way for lost people?

    The heart is the perfect image of love as the force that binds the world. That's why they talk about two halves of the heart.

    I convey my heart (to any participant) and tell you:

    Omar Khayyam advised: “Keep your feelings.” Love and be loved.

    I wish the same for you... (The recipient passes the heart to another, and so on in a circle)

    Today they are actively used in educational process training technologies. Now, at the reflection stage, we conducted the “What I Wish for You” training, which actively mobilizes;promotes the socialization of the group work participant; harmonizes a person’s personality; - promotes positive change I AM CONCEPTS.

    XII . I offer the following to the audience:

    LET'S YOU AND I TRY TO DRAW A SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE HEART WITH YOUR HANDS...RAISE YOUR HANDS AND MENTALLY SEND THESE HEARTS TO YOUR DEAR PEOPLE. AND MAY THESE KIND HEARTS ALWAYS SURROUND YOU...

    XIII.

    Do you think love lights up the hearts of stars? (Yes, definitely)

    I would like to end the master class with these lines:

    Burn the hard days in the fire.

    Trust the fire with your sorrows...

    Start the melody from the beginning.

    Her motive is similar to yours.

    Change the tone of life...

    Break the rusty shackles.

    Discover the supernova constellation...

    Live without harboring desires!

    Be boldlight up your star !

    It's hardly impossible...

    Don't be afraid to be careless!

    Search! Love! Be visible!

    I believe you will light a star!

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