A kind person influences nature. Negative human impact on nature. Negative influence of humanity

Let's start with the basic fact that the geographical environment is and will always be one of the necessary conditions for the life of society as a whole.

Geographical environment includes:

1. The territory in which a given ethnic or socio-political education.

The concept of territory includes the following components:

A) Geographical location (remoteness of the area from the poles and the equator, location on a particular continent or island). A number of features of a country (climate, flora, fauna, soil) largely depend on its geographical location.
b) Surface structure, relief. The degree of ruggedness of the terrain, the presence of mountain hills and ridges, their direction and height, the presence of plains and lowlands, the type and nature of the coastline (if the area is on the seashore) - all this characterizes the features of the relief.
c) The nature of the soil - marshy, podzolic, chernozem, sand, weathering crust, etc.
d) The bowels of the earth - its features geological structure, as well as fossil wealth.

2. Climatic conditions. The quantity and quality of radiant energy received by a given territory from the Sun, air temperature, its daily and seasonal variation, air humidity, amount and nature of precipitation and its distribution by season, snow line and its height, the presence of permafrost in the soil, degree of cloudiness, the direction and strength of winds, typical weather conditions are the main elements of climate.

3. Water resources - seas, rivers, lakes, swamps, mineral springs, groundwater. For many aspects of human life, the hydrographic regime of water is important: temperature, salinity, freezing, the nature of the bottom, direction and speed of flow, amount of water, water balance, quantity and quality of mineral springs, type of swamps, etc.

4. Vegetable and fauna. This includes both organisms that permanently live in a given territory (all plants, most animals, birds, microorganisms) and those that periodically migrate (birds, fish, animals).

Thus, the geographical environment is understood as the totality of geographical location, surface structure, soil cover, fossil resources, climate, water resources, flora and fauna on a certain territory of the Earth on which a certain human society lives and develops.

The unity of society and nature is realized in two respects:

1. genetic (historical). Human society, the social form of the movement of matter, arose on the basis of developing nature.
2. functional - the existence of society is impossible without a constant connection with nature.

There are 4 main influences of nature on the life of society:

1) Biological;
2) Production;
3) Scientific;
4) Aesthetic.

1) Biological influence.

Necessary prerequisites for the existence of society - natural conditions(geographical environment) and population. Moreover, the full functioning of people is possible only in adequate natural conditions. In reality, the influence of weather conditions and magnetic field The Earth and the Sun on the exacerbation of a number of physical and mental ailments of man (society) now no one doubts. And reports on temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity and geomagnetic conditions have become mandatory in weather forecast reports.

A person can exist only within fairly certain limits of the environment. natural environment, corresponding to the biological characteristics of his body. He feels the need for that ecological environment, in which the evolution of humanity took place throughout its history. Of course, a person has the ability to adapt to changing (within certain limits) conditions of the natural environment. However, with all the mobility, the adaptive capabilities human body not unlimited. When the rate of change in the natural environment exceeds the adaptive capabilities of the human body, then pathological phenomena occur, leading ultimately to the death of people.

Throughout previous history, people were convinced that they were provided with sufficient air, water and soil for all times. Sobering came only a few decades ago, when, due to the growing threat of the environmental crisis, the shortage of clean air, water and soil became increasingly acute. A healthy environment is no less important than material and spiritual needs. In this regard, there is a need to correlate the pace of environmental change with human adaptive capabilities and determine the permissible limits of their impact on the biosphere.

2) Production impact.

For a long time, views on society have proposed concepts that attribute a determining role in history to the natural prerequisites for the existence of society. Already in antiquity, the foundations of the doctrine were laid, which later received the name geographical determinism. Thus, Hippocrates believed that the character of people is determined by the characteristics of the climate. Aristotle argued: “The peoples of the cold countries of Northern Europe have great courage, but have little intelligence and wit; therefore, although they remain independent, they do not have political life and will not be able to dominate neighboring peoples. The peoples of the hot countries of South Asia, although quite smart , but do not have courage and therefore always remain in a subordinate position and in captivity, but the Hellenes, living in a temperate climate, have the dignity of both: courage and a strong mind, therefore they are independent and willing to study. political life and is able to dominate others.”

The geographical direction has become widespread since the beginning of the 18th century. era geographical discoveries, the development of capitalism, the need to use natural resources for economic development - all this led to interest in the geographical environment.

One of the major representatives of geographical determinism of the 18th century was C. Montesquieu. In his book “On the Spirit of Laws,” he says that geographical factors: climate, soil, terrain influence the morals and inclinations of people, and depend on them social order people, their way of life, laws. The peoples of hot countries are timid, like old men, while the peoples of cold climates are brave, like young men. Where the climate is hot, the people indulge in laziness and effeminacy.

Fertile soil gives rise to pampering and reluctance to risk life, and paralyzes energy. To force the people to work, fear of punishment is necessary, which is why despotism is more likely to develop in the south than in the north. Barren soil, on the contrary, is conducive to freedom, since the people living on it must obtain for themselves everything that the soil denies them. The conditions of barren soil make people hardened, warlike, and inclined to defend their freedom. Montesquieu believed that mountains and islands are favorable conditions for freedom, since they block conquerors from entering the country. The size of the state also plays a certain role. A small republic may perish from external onslaught; a monarchy, which usually has a large territory, on the contrary, resists an external enemy much better. However, Montesquieu believed that the laws of the people should correspond not only to geographical factors, but also to the economic situation, religion of the people and their political beliefs.

The geographical direction in sociology concealed the possibility of drawing conclusions about the disparity and inequality of races and peoples, about the enslavement of the peoples of hot countries as a natural consequence of climatic and natural conditions. Supporters of geographic determinism usually derive differences in economics, everyday life, morals, and religious beliefs from differences in the natural conditions in which peoples live. It was said that peoples who lived in hot climates did not develop culture to the level that exists in countries with temperate climates, since they do not need to work hard, they do not need warm buildings, and they make do with simple clothing. Industry is not developed in these countries. People have a fickle character, with transitions from one extreme to another. On the contrary, they say, among northerners who have to lead their lives in a harsh climate, work hard and improve tools, they develop a strong character, the ability to steadily move towards their intended goal. In a temperate climate, where you also need to constantly work, but where nature lends itself more easily to the efforts of society, complex technology is formed and culture develops. The peoples of these countries have a special character, different from both southerners and northerners. It was said that the climate North Africa or Central Asia created nomadic inhabitants, and the climate of Greece led to pastoralism and agriculture.

There have been repeated allegations that differences in geographical conditions give rise to differences in the art of peoples. Thus, the Italians created cheerful, cheerful melodies, the Germans - an even, concentrated song, the Norwegians - a gloomy, strong one. Russians in the North have mournful and drawn-out songs, in the South they sing in a rollicking, spacious manner.

The geographical direction was continued in the works of L.I. Mechnikov (1838-1888). The scientist sought to prove that the geographical environment is the decisive force of historical progress, emphasizing special role waterways of communication. “From our point of view, the main reason for the emergence and development of civilization is rivers. A river, in any case, is an expression of a living synthesis of the entire set of physical and geographical conditions and climate, soils, and relief earth's surface, and the geological structure of this area." It should be noted that our scientists did not draw extreme conclusions from geographic determinism. L.I. Mechnikov, in particular, said that all people, regardless of where they are, are capable of creating cultural values.

Geographical determinism has generally been criticized. Its main disadvantages are as follows:

He approaches the problem of the development of society one-sidedly, sees driving forces development of society in external factors, actually downplaying or leaving aside the internal determinants of social development.
The natural rate of change in natural conditions is much slower than the rate of evolution of society. Statement of the fact that an almost unchanged phenomenon is the cause of a change in another phenomenon contradicts the very concept of causality. Moreover, if we agree with geographical determinism, then how can we explain that practically the same geographical environment in England gave rise to the craft, then manufacturing, then industrial, then post-industrial periods of its life? You can also pay attention to the fact that the USA, England and Japan are developed capitalist countries with different geographical environments.
Geographical determinism considers the degree of influence of the natural environment on the development of society as something unchangeable.
Geographical determinism weakly takes into account the reverse influence of human society on nature, without rising to a comprehensive analysis of the problem of interaction between society and nature.

3) Scientific influence.

The components of the geographic environment change slowly under natural conditions. They change at a much faster pace as a result of human influence.

Interest in the study of nature intensified with the development of natural science during the Renaissance and early modern times. F. Bacon believed that knowledge of nature is necessary for the well-being of society. There is a belief that the goal of science is to understand nature and ensure dominance over it. Changes in nature, which are the result of human activity, are increasing. Forests were cut down over large areas and arable land was created, dams, canals were built, mountains were dug with tunnels, mines were dug in the bowels of the earth, hundreds of millions of kilometers of roads were built, etc. Each new generation brings new changes to the geographical environment. Discoveries in science and technical innovations, one way or another, are reflected in one or another element of the geographical environment or on the entire geographical environment as a whole. Today it is impossible to find a place on Earth where nature has remained unchanged due to human activity. Man is discovering more and more new possibilities for using the geographical environment for his own purposes.

The progress of the “society-nature” system is determined by the progress public consciousness: constant replenishment of the knowledge about nature accumulated by society, through knowledge, the discovery by individual consciousness of the laws of the development of nature, the discovery of techniques and methods of using these laws in order to more fully satisfy the needs of man and society. All knowledge is accumulated in the form scientific theories, production technologies, various production products (in the form of products of the activities of all generations of individuals forming society, products that reflect the level and volume of knowledge about nature accumulated by society).

4) Aesthetic influence.

The geographical environment in a certain way influences the spiritual life of society. As an example of this, one can point to folklore, landscape painting, dance, etc. different peoples of different countries.

Give examples of the negative and positive influence of humans on nature. Help please, I really need it!!!

1. Environmental pollution, poaching (illegal hunting), devastation of earth's resources.
   Creation of nature reserves and wildlife sanctuaries, care of agricultural land, factories for processing spoiled items that harm the land or soil into usable ones.
2. It's very easy.
   Positive influence of man on nature:

   1) The creation of nature reserves and wildlife sanctuaries began a long time ago. However, today world animal protection organizations are more actively addressing the problem of extinction various types animals and birds. Rare species of animals are listed in the Red Book. Many laws prohibiting poaching and hunting protect animals in many countries.
   2) Due to the growth of the Earth's population, humanity needs to provide itself with a large amount of consumed resources. Therefore, it is necessary to take care of expanding agricultural land. But it is impossible to plow up the entire Earth for agricultural work. Therefore, people came up with a positive solution to this problem: intensification agriculture, as well as more rational and efficient use of farmland. For this purpose, new plant varieties have been bred that have high level productivity.
   3) The consumption of the Earth’s energy resources is growing tens of times every year due to increased modernization modern world. Man takes virtually all resources from nature. However, they also have their limits. And here the activities of society began to be directed in a positive direction. Humanity is trying to create a replacement for natural sources of resources, improving methods of mining, so as not to destroy the natural environment of the deposits. Fossils began to be spent more economically and used only strictly for their intended purpose. Today, society is creating new ways to extract energy from wind, sun and tidal waters.
   4) Due to the huge amount of production waste emissions in environment, powerful self-cleaning structures began to be created that process waste from factories and factories, leaving no opportunity for all harmful emissions to remain and decompose.

   Negative human impact on nature:

   1) Environmental pollution with industrial waste products.
   2) Poaching, hunting, catching immature fish species. As a result, certain types of fauna do not have time to replenish themselves, and extinction or complete disappearance of animals is observed.
   3) Devastation of the Earth's resources. Humanity draws all its resources from the depths of the Earth, so natural sources are depleted. Population growth is observed every year, and humanity needs more resources.

3. negative impact on people's health, and above all mental health, has the destruction wildlife, which is what we observe in suburbanized industrialized countries - politicians are completely sick in the head
4. Where a person appears, nature turns into the environment.

- It is necessary to take care of nature and protect it

Advantages: in the review

Disadvantages: in the review

We can safely say that we are guests on Earth, each of us lives here for a certain time. And when we are born, when we grow, we must understand that our task, which is very important, is that we must preserve all the diversity of all those organisms and plants that live on our Earth. It is important not to upset the balance between vegetation and animals, since everything is interconnected.

If one species of animal or plant is destroyed, this leads to the fact that the interconnected species also dies.

How we make an impact

The very first changes and influences by man himself began when man created the first tool. Then the person received more opportunities in his actions. And with each development of man, his impact on the environment became stronger and greater. Of course, each of us every day influences the nature that surrounds us, this is both a bad and a good influence.

Of course, man not only has a negative impact on nature, there are also positive aspects. But first we need to consider how we destroy and destroy what nature and the environment gives us:

Deforestation is a very pressing issue today. Forests are being cut down so that new highways and roads can be built. But at the same time, we violate the natural environment, we deprive a large number of animals of their habitat, which are forced to flee to other places, and some simply die. Also, the destruction of forests affects the filtration of water, which then flows into the seas and oceans.

We pollute the soil a lot - as we use various chemicals and fertilizers every day. This is done in order to increase the yield and remove various pests, but at the same time, we violate the natural environment and harm the insects that live in the ground.

Decrease in animal populations - animals die, since many of them cannot move to a new habitat in time when forests are cut down or fields are expanded. We are thus simply depriving them of their place of residence, of where they should live, and other places are not suitable for them. In addition to such factors, people hunt animals, some for fun, some for profit, and so, animals are exterminated.

Water and the atmosphere are polluted - this is due to the fact that we ourselves throw various waste into the ground and into the water. Even if we take Pacific Ocean, then there is even a dead zone in which an incredibly huge amount of waste floats. This interferes with the normal life of animals.

It is obvious that due to human influence, nature is changing very much and we can observe these changes constantly. The fauna and flora are strongly affected, since all water resources are very polluted. All debris that is lighter in weight floats on the surface of the water. And this prevents oxygen from entering the water in the quantity that is necessary for animals, that is, access is much limited, this also applies to light. A large number of inhabitants of the seas and oceans are trying to find more suitable places to live, but not all of them can do this and most of them die. Every year, tons of various types of garbage are added to the ocean, and this is already a disaster that is very important to combat.

We pollute not only the seas and oceans, but also the fresh water we drink. Every day, an incredible amount of waste from sewage and industrial sectors enters rivers. And the soil is contaminated with those chemicals and pesticides that we spray plants against insects.

It is impossible not to mention the deforestation of forests located on mountain slopes. After the trees are destroyed, the mountains become completely bare, this leads to erosion, and further, the soil becomes loose. This is followed by collapses that are of destructive proportions.

One can imagine that just one drop of oil can spoil about 25 liters drinking water. That's not all, when oil gets on the water, a thin film is formed, which blocks access to oxygen and light, stains animals and is destructive for them. All living things that are under such a film are doomed to death. This is all done by man. We mine various minerals, we get them deep from under the Earth, which have been formed over millions of years.

Industrial production also causes harm, since cars pollute the atmosphere every day, and this pollutes the ozone layer, which protects our Planet from solar radiation. During recent years 50, the air warmed up by 0.6 C, this may seem like a small number, but in fact it is a lot. If this continues, the temperature in the World Ocean will also rise, glaciers will melt, and all this will lead to disruption of the ecosystem. Since glaciers are the main sources fresh water.

In addition to such harm, we are also doing something good for our Planet. Among all this are the activities that we carry out to improve the environment. Nature reserves, parks, and places where nature has been preserved in its true form, untouched by man, have been created. This is the best thing you can do - protect and protect. Because in such places it is possible to preserve not only flora, but also fauna. Those species of animals and plants that are rare or disappearing are entered into a special book - the Red Book, and then hunting or hunting for them is prohibited. We create non-natural channels through which water passes, irrigation systems to improve the condition of soils and maintain them. Vegetation is being planted.

Promoting afforestation. It plays an important role in reducing air pollution by improving overall quality air.

Conservation of water resources. By not throwing industrial waste, household waste into rivers, lakes, etc., water pollution can be prevented. Techniques like rainwater harvesting, watershed management, drip irrigation help in conserving water resources.

Soil conservation. Practices such as contour plowing, terrace cultivation, crop rotation, windbreaks, shelterbelts play an important role in preventing soil erosion.

Conservation of flora and fauna. Creating nature reserves, botanical gardens, national parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, people play a significant role in the conservation of flora and fauna.

Use of renewable energy sources such as solar energy, biofuels, wind energy, etc., will help conserve non-renewable energy sources.

Removing invasive species by planting native trees.

We make a positive impact on the environment when we have a goal, an ideal to which we strive. Now we are too focused on action, on endless growth. This requires some responsibility, but it is time that we become responsible for our actions towards the environment. We live in it every day, so why not make our lives less miserable and do everything to improve it, preserve it for the next generations. Because overall well-being depends on it.

Geography textbook for 8th grade

§ 45. Human impact on nature

• Tell us what nature gives to man.
• How do natural conditions influence human life and activity?
• Which components of the natural complex are most susceptible to human influence?
• What are natural resources?

Nature serves as the environment for people’s existence, the main and most often the only source of satisfying their various needs.

The natural environment has a huge impact on historical process. Man constantly, according to V. Klyuchevsky, “either adapts to the nature around him, its forces and methods of action, then adapts them to himself, to his needs, which he cannot or does not want to give up, and in this two-way struggle with himself with himself and with nature he develops his intelligence and his character...”

Nature provides all the means to satisfy the material and spiritual needs of man.

Over time, the composition of resources used by humans has changed. First of all, a person took what was lying on the surface. In primitive society, people ate only a few species of plants and animals. Later, man mastered the soil for agriculture and learned to produce bronze and iron. The influence of human activity on natural complexes.

Rice. 140. Types of anthropogenic landscapes

What types of anthropogenic landscapes are most typical for your area?

Human economic activity is a special factor influencing the development of nature. Man not only adapts to his natural environment, but also changes it. You already know that all components of nature are closely interconnected, that a change in one of them affects all the others. Therefore, when changing nature, a person must foresee what the consequences of this change will be and, if necessary, prevent them.

More than a century ago, F. Engels warned humanity: “However, let us not be too deluded by our victories over nature. For every such victory she takes revenge on us. Each of these victories, it is true, has, first of all, the consequences that we are counting on, but second and third, completely different, unforeseen consequences, which very often destroy the significance of the first ones.” These words are still relevant today. The negative consequences of human activity on nature in some cases are not an inevitable result scientific and technological progress. Their reasons are errors in technical and scientific projects, associated with insufficient consideration of anthropogenic influence on nature and the opinions of geographers and ecologists.

Rice. 141. World Land Trust

For example, scientists have found that applying mineral fertilizers to the soil without sufficient consideration of the amount of precipitation and soil moisture leads to the removal of minerals from the soil into rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. And this is not only the loss of labor, energy, and raw materials spent on the production and transportation of fertilizers, but also the pollution of water bodies and deterioration of water quality. During the construction of large reservoirs, complex changes in nature occur: the groundwater level changes, depending on the degree of moisture, the territory becomes swamped, soil properties, the nature of vegetation, and the microclimate of the area change. Having studied the negative consequences of the influence of large reservoirs on natural complexes, scientists came to the conclusion that it is much more correct to create systems of small, interacting reservoirs than one huge one.

You already know that currently in geographical envelope Natural complexes modified by human activity predominate.

Rice. 142. Changes in the landscape of the moraine plain after human development: a - before development, b - after development

Rational use of natural resources requires care for their protection and restoration. For example, it is necessary to implement an extensive program of measures to expand forest areas in all natural areas. To carry out this work, special machines have been created that make it possible to mechanize forest planting and care for young plantings.

Rice. 143. Use of territories to ensure ecological balance

The creation of forest shelterbelts and the consolidation of ravines contribute to the conservation of land resources, as well as the protection of water resources. Reclamation opens up great opportunities - the restoration of disturbed lands in areas where the mining industry is developing - this is expensive, but the most effective way. Such work is being successfully carried out in the center of the European part of Russia, in the Urals.

To preserve nature as a whole or its individual components, specially protected areas are created.

Questions and tasks

1. What types of natural resources have been developed by man for a long time, and what - recently?
2. What natural resources in your area are most in need of protection?
3. Does your school, your class participate in the protection of natural resources?

Kosorotikova Natalia Alekseevna, teacher of history and social studies, Krasnodar, MBOU gymnasium 18.

Developing a social studies lesson for 7th grade.

Subject: Human influence on nature.

Goals:

— introduce students to a variety of environmental problems arising in connection with unreasonable human activities;

— bring students to an understanding of the need to protect the environment;

— continue to develop analytical skills further reading to the lesson, draw conclusions, express your point of view on problematic issues of the lesson;

To promote in students a caring attitude towards nature.

Training equipment: Textbook. L. N. Bogolyubov, N. F. Vinogradova, N. I. Gorodetskaya and others. Social studies. 7th grade. Poems, photographs and drawings by students.

Lesson type: combined.

Teaching methods: conversation, project activities students.

Lesson plan:

1. Organizational moment.

II. Studying new material.

1. Atmospheric pollution.

2.Water pollution.

3. Soil pollution.

IY.Project development.

Y.Grading.

YI.Homework.

Progress of the lesson.

1. Organizational moment.

II. Studying new material.

Student's speech:

Oh people, what are you all proud of?

Progress, teachings, works...

But look around you all

There is no longer a pine tree left.

I can't understand the reason

It must be difficult to plant a flower

Without benefit, even a viburnum bush,

Without thinking about money for future use...

We'll all pay for it

That they were so rude to nature,

And everything will happen only then,

What have we been afraid of all these years?

Us Ignat (7th grade student)

Teacher's word:

Guys, as you already understand, the topic of our lesson is “The influence of man on nature.” The 20th century brought humanity many benefits associated with the rapid development of scientific and technological progress, and at the same time brought life on Earth to the brink of an environmental disaster. Population growth, intensification of production and emissions that pollute the Earth lead to fundamental changes in nature and affect the very existence of man. Some of these changes are extremely strong and so widespread that global environmental problems arise.

Question: What examples can you give of man's thoughtless, wasteful attitude towards nature? (working with illustrations and drawings posted on the board).

(Appendix 1).

Teacher's word:

As a result of this attitude of man towards nature, there is a reduction in the areas under meadows and forests, the soil, air, water are polluted by industrial and transport waste, the number of some plant species is reduced due to excessive procurement of plant raw materials, mass visits by people to the same areas of nature and inability to behave there. I will give a few figures taken from newspapers about the influence of man on nature. Forests on the planet are disappearing at a rate of 10 hectares per minute. 630 thousand hectares of forest burn out from fires, more than 200 thousand hectares die from the effects of industrial emissions into the atmosphere. The number of animals and plants is decreasing, and some are disappearing completely. Particularly strong changes are taking place around cities; garbage and waste dumps are growing. Water in reservoirs has become unfit for drinking. Millions of tons of harmful substances are released into the air every year.

Question: What types of pollution do you know? (Any changes in air, water, soil that have a negative impact on human health).

1.Student’s speech “Atmospheric Pollution”:

Without an atmosphere, life on the planet would be impossible. The atmosphere reliably protects people from numerous dangers: it does not allow meteorites to pass through, and protects the earth from overheating. Air is necessary for all life on the planet. A person can live 5 weeks without food, 5 days without water, and 5 minutes without air. Over the course of a year, 5 billion tons of carbon dioxide alone are released into the atmosphere. As a result, ozone holes appear - under Antarctica, the Arctic, Europe, Moscow. Ultraviolet rays rush into these holes, which cause cancer in people. Oxygen is becoming less and less. And exhaust gases from ferrous metallurgy factories and chemical industry, boiler houses, transport more and more. The negative impact of a polluted atmosphere on soil and vegetation cover is associated both with the loss of acidic precipitation, which washes out calcium, humus and microelements from the soil, and with disruption of photosynthesis processes, leading to a slowdown in the growth of plant death. The high sensitivity of trees (especially birch and oak) to air pollution has long been identified. The combined effect of their factors leads to a noticeable decrease in soil fertility and the disappearance of forests. Acid precipitation is now considered as a powerful factor not only in the weathering of rocks and the deterioration of the quality of load-bearing soils, but also in the chemical destruction of man-made objects, including cultural monuments and ground communication lines. The most dangerous pollution of the atmosphere and the entire environment is radioactive. It is known that in the early 60s, the background of artificial radioactivity caused by nuclear weapons tests reached an alarming level. Terrible consequences are already appearing now. To generate electricity, nuclear reactor designers create enough reliable protection from the release of radioactive elements into the environment. However, the problem of radioactive waste disposal still cannot be considered solved.

2. Student presentation “Water Pollution”»:

Water is the basis of life on Earth. The primary role of water in the life of all living beings, including humans, is due to the fact that it is actually the environment in which all life processes take place. Here is just a small and far from complete list of the “responsibilities” of water in our body: regulates body temperature, humidifies the air during breathing, ensures the delivery of nutrients and oxygen to all cells of the body, protects vital organs, etc. Water pollution is the introduction of elements into it that make it unfit for human consumption.

Pollutants enter water in various ways, but always with human participation: as a result of accidents, intentional waste discharges, oil leaks, etc.

3.Student’s speech “Soil Pollution”:

Soils are polluted by various chemicals, fertilizers, agricultural waste, industrial production utility companies. Entering the soil chemical compounds accumulate and lead to gradual changes in chemical and physical properties soil, reduce the number of living organisms and impair its fertility.

The soil is polluted with petroleum products when refueling cars in fields and forests, at logging sites, etc. The top layer of soil undergoes the greatest changes. If improperly exploited, soils are destroyed as a result of erosion and salinization. As a result of erosion, 2 billion hectares of fertile land have been lost over the last century. Harmful compounds found in the soil sooner or later enter the human body. How does this happen? Firstly, there is a constant leaching of contaminants into open water bodies and groundwater, which can be used by humans for drinking and other needs. Secondly, these contaminants from soil moisture and groundwater enter the organisms of plants and animals that consume this water, and then food chains again enter the human body. Thirdly, many compounds harmful to the body have the ability to accumulate in tissues, and, above all, in bones, which can lead to serious human illnesses.

4. Speech by the student “Forest”:

The planet is becoming increasingly bald. For many centuries, people burned and cut down forests to clear land for arable land and pastures. During this time, the area of ​​the “lungs of the planet” decreased by almost a third. For many animals, the forest is their home. And there are fewer and fewer forests on earth. This means that animals lose their home, they are doomed to death. Over the past 66 years, 52 species of mammals have become extinct. 1000 species of animals are at risk of extinction, and it is no longer possible to restore extinct species.

(Photos of rare species of living organisms taken by schoolchildren are shown).

Forests are very important on Earth: they purify the air, create habitats for animals, protect the soil from erosion, stabilize sand, and prevent water pollution. The history of mankind has known many sad examples when unreasonable deforestation and barbaric use of natural resources turned a once living corner into a lifeless desert, in which there is no place for the person who caused this disaster. This is how civilization on Easter Island perished.

Teacher's word:

The greatest wealth of our planet is land. She is our nurse. We must take care of her. How does she feel?

We want to deceive nature

Bend it harder under yourself,

But she won't forgive this

And he will take full revenge for his insolence!

We hit her blow after blow,

And the forests are burning, there is a fire in the taiga,

We pollute rivers, pour fuel oil,

And the war with nature here and there.

And she is sick and silent,

We just don't hear the screams

Ulcers sprout on the body,

He carries the living along with him!

(Mark Lvovsky)

In order for a person to remember the responsibility for the life of animals and plants, the responsibility for maintaining harmony in nature, even while walking, they must follow certain rules.

Work in groups to create a mini-project “Memo for tourists”.

(Appendix 2).

The time has come for people to think about this issue - how to preserve wildlife, how to help it. Wildlife is waiting for help from us. All your dreams are about a good future, about a beautiful Earth, about friendship between man and nature. It is this desire for a bright, kind, wonderful future that unites us here. And that's great!

The land on which a person settled, which was cultivated by his hands and which for many centuries really was his breadwinner, became native. When leaving for other lands, our ancestors took a handful of earth with them and kept it as a shrine. They considered the earth a holy being, compared the wide expanses of land with a gigantic body, solid rocks and stones - its bones, blood in the waters, veins in tree roots, hair in herbs and plants.

Our planet is very polluted, but we have not yet realized the danger of living in a huge landfill. We live on it for now, but will our children be able to live on it?

Teacher's word:

We live in an age scientific and technical revolution, humanity is not only littering its “nest”, it has developed ways to protect the environment and has already begun to implement them: 1 way - the creation of various types of treatment facilities that destroy and process waste, construction chimneys height 200-500 m. Path 2 - development and application of environmental technologies, transition to low-waste and waste-free production processes. 3 way - rational placement of “dirty industries” that have a negative impact on the environment.

IN big cities specific flows of matter and energy, people and information are formed. They reflect the socio-economic ties of the city with its surroundings and individual regions of the city with each other. Daily life townspeople have little connection with natural factors. Direct impact natural features per person is weakened by the installation of air conditioning, system heating and lighting. Residents spend most of their time in the apartment, transport or work premises. Our work premises are a school and a school site. Now we will hear the results of environmental monitoring conducted by a group of students. The school can be considered as an ecosystem, so it is necessary to regularly monitor the sanitary condition of classrooms, recreation areas, school site. Such observations are called “ecological monitoring” (reminding, supervising).

IY.Project development.

GROUP OF GUYS-EXPERTS: environmental monitoring school and school site. And now the floor is yours...

(A group of guys developed a manifesto and are presenting it).

Teacher's word:

Guys, let's take care of our Earth! Everywhere at every step, all together and each individual! We are not given anything else. The Earth with its biosphere is the greatest miracle, we have only one. The Earth's tomorrow will be the same as we create it today.

Y.Grading.

YI.Homework. Paragraph 19, find examples in the media, on the Internet environmental problems, formulate them, identify the cause and propose solutions.

Literature:

Velikovsky B.T., Kirichev V.I. Human health and the environment. M, 1197.

Miller T. Life in the environment / Edited by G.A. Yagodin. M., 1993.

Mirkin B.M., Naumova L.G. Ecology of Russia. M., 1995.

Samkova V.A. We are exploring the forest. Assignments for projects. / Biology at school, No. 7, 2005.

Internet resources:

“Society and Ecology” economic newspaper /St. Petersburg/ http:unig.spb.ru/eco

Ecological Bulletin of Russia /http:www.ecolife.ru

Appendix 1.

Appendix 2.

Report: Human impact on nature

Otradnensky Oil College

Abstract topic:

"Human Impact

to nature"

Group student

01 EXM – 1:

Malova O.A.

Teacher:

Akhremenko O.A.

Otradny

I. Introduction.

We didn't inherit the Earth

our fathers. We took her

borrowed from our children.

(From UN materials)

Ecology is a science that studies the relationships of organisms (individuals, populations, biocenoses, etc.) among themselves and with the inorganic nature surrounding them; general laws of functioning of ecosystems at various hierarchical levels; habitat of living beings (including humans).

Global ecology studies the biosphere as a whole, i.e. ecological system covering globe. Among the main tasks of modern global ecology include the study of anthropogenic changes in the environment and the justification of methods for preserving and improving this environment in the interests of humanity. Due to this vital importance acquires forecasting changes in the environmental situation in the future and, on this basis, the development for the coming years and in the long term of measures aimed at preserving and improving the human environment and preventing undesirable changes in the biosphere.

Ecology as a science was formed in the middle of the last century, when an understanding arose that not only the structure and development of organisms, but also their relationships with the environment are subject to certain patterns. In 1866, the German naturalist Ernest Haeckel, in his two-volume monograph “General Morphology of the Organism,” called ecology one of the branches of biology - the science of the living conditions of organisms in their environment. Nowadays, when man is exploring space, ecology, if not yet as knowledge, but at least as a term, has penetrated into the consciousness of everyone; it has ceased to be a branch of biology alone; geography, political economy, philosophy, and even the whole complex of natural and social sciences. Moreover, ecology has gone beyond scientific concept and became the subject of anxiety and concern for every state and every individual. Ecology, therefore, concerns everyone, because an environmental crisis, if it develops into ecological disaster, will not spare anyone.

Target: study of the basic patterns of rational interaction between society and nature.

Tasks: 1. Objective assessment of the state of natural resources.

2. Optimization of relationships between humans, on the one hand, and individual species and populations, ecosystems, on the other.

3. Detailed study by quantitative methods of the fundamentals of the structure and functioning of natural and man-made systems.

II. Human impact on nature.

1. Environmental problems in the modern world have come to the fore. Having received unlimited power over nature, people use it barbarously. “Today, the threat to survival comes from the natural environment, which is rapidly degrading under the onslaught of human activity,” said UN Conference Secretary-General Maurice Strong. The planet's resources are running out. Air and water are becoming polluted catastrophically quickly. Fertile lands turn into sand. Forest areas are shrinking before our eyes. Mountains of garbage are literally “dumping” onto the planet; man provokes natural disasters.

Possible warming, depletion of the ozone layer, acid rain, blooming of water bodies, and the accumulation of toxic and radioactive waste pose a threat to survival. Of course, there are countries for which these problems are not so acute. But, in general, all of humanity is concerned about them, and therefore they are global.

2. The main environmental problems of our time.

2.1. Human economic activity .

Humanity is part of the biosphere, a product of its evolution. However, the relationship between man and natural communities has never been cloudless. Hunting activity ancient man, undoubtedly accelerated the extinction of many large herbivores. For hunting purposes, setting fire to vegetation contributed to the desertification of areas. Man began to change and destroy entire communities with the transition to cattle breeding and agriculture.

During the development of agriculture, improper plowing led to the loss of the fertile layer, which was carried away by water or wind, and excessive irrigation caused soil salinization.

Two important shifts have occurred over the past hundred years. Firstly, the world's population has increased sharply. Secondly, industrial production, energy production and agricultural products increased even more sharply. As a result, humanity began to have a noticeable impact on the functioning of the entire biosphere. Critical situation at the end of the twentieth century the following negative trends formed:

a) The consumption of the Earth's resources has so far exceeded the rate of their natural reproduction that depletion natural resources began to have a noticeable impact on their use, on national and world economy and led to irreversible depletion of the lithosphere and biosphere.

b) Waste, by-products of production and everyday life pollute the biosphere, cause deformation of ecological systems, disrupt the global cycle of substances and pose a threat to human health.

2.2. Population growth.

A deviation from the laws of equilibrium in living nature has become the accelerating growth of the Earth's population. T.A. Akimova, V.V. Haskin (1994) provides data that, according to various estimates, by 2025 there will be from 7.6 to 9.4 billion people on Earth. Population growth requires increased food production, the creation of new jobs and expanded industrial production. So, at the end of the twentieth century. Every day all people on Earth need about 2 million tons of food, 10 million m3 of drinking water, 2 billion m3 of oxygen for breathing. Almost 300 million tons of fuel are produced daily by all sectors of the human economy, 2 billion m3 of water and 65 billion m3 of oxygen are used. All this is accompanied by the consumption of natural resources and massive environmental pollution.

2.3. Changes in the composition of atmospheres and climate.

The most destructive impact of human activities on communities is the release of pollutants. A pollutant is any substance that enters the atmosphere, soil or natural waters and disrupts the biological, sometimes physical or chemical processes. Pollutants are often classified as radioactive radiation and warmth. As a result of human activity, they enter the atmosphere carbon dioxide CO2 and carbon monoxide CO, sulfur dioxide SO2, methane CH4, nitrogen oxides NO2, NO, N2 O. The main sources of their intake are the combustion of fossil fuels, forest burning and emissions from industrial enterprises. When using aerosols, chlorofluorocarbons are released into the atmosphere, and as a result of transport, hydrocarbons (benzapyrene, etc.) are released.

Due to anthropogenic gases, acid precipitation and smog are formed. When acidic precipitation gets into lakes, it often causes the death of fish or the entire animal population. They can also cause damage to foliage and often death of plants, accelerate the corrosion of metals and the destruction of buildings. Acid rain is mostly observed in regions with developed industry.

Smog is extremely harmful to living organisms. One of the harmful components of smog is ozone (O3). IN major cities when smog forms, its natural concentration (1·10-8) increases 10 times or more. Ozone here begins to have a harmful effect on the lungs and mucous membranes of humans and on vegetation.

Anthropogenic changes in the atmosphere are also associated with the destruction of the ozone layer, which is a protective screen from ultraviolet radiation. The danger of depleting the ozone layer is that the absorption of ultraviolet radiation, which is harmful to living organisms, may decrease. Scientists believe that the main reason for the depletion of the ozone layer (screen) is the use by people of chlorofluorocarbons (freons), which are widely used in everyday life and production in the form of aerosols, pre-reagents, foaming agents, solvents, etc. In 1990, global production of ozone-depleting substances was more than 1,300 thousand tons.

2.4. Pollution of natural waters.

Humanity is almost completely dependent on land surface waters - rivers and lakes. This tiny fraction of water resources (0.016%) is subject to the most intense impacts. All types of water use consume 2,200 km3 of water per year. Water consumption is constantly growing, and one of the dangers is the depletion of its reserves. The ever-increasing amount of household waste is causing concern.

Pollution of water bodies occurs not only from industrial waste, but also from the ingress of organic matter, mineral fertilizers, and pesticides used in agriculture from fields into water bodies.

Sea waters are also subject to pollution. Millions of tons of chemical waste are carried into the seas annually with rivers and wastewater from coastal industrial and agricultural enterprises, and with municipal wastewater they also carry organic compounds. Due to accidents of tankers and oil production units, at least 5 million tons of oil per year enter the ocean from various sources, causing the death of many aquatic animals and seabirds. Concerns are caused by the burial of nuclear waste at the bottom of the seas, sunken ships with nuclear reactors And nuclear weapons on board.

2.5. Deforestation is one of the most important global environmental problems of our time. The forest absorbs atmospheric pollution of anthropogenic origin, protects the soil from erosion, regulates the flow of surface water, prevents the decline in groundwater levels, etc.

A decrease in forest area causes disruption of oxygen and carbon cycles in the biosphere. Although the catastrophic consequences of deforestation are widely known, deforestation continues. Deforestation entails the death of their richest fauna and flora.

2.6. Soil depletion and pollution.

Soils are another resource that is overexploited and polluted. Imperfect agricultural production is the main reason for the reduction in the area of ​​fertile soils. The plowing of vast steppe areas in Russia and other countries caused dust storms and the destruction of millions of hectares of fertile land.

Soil erosion became a worldwide scourge in the 20th century. It is estimated that as a result of water and wind erosion during this period, 2 billion hectares of fertile land under active agricultural use were lost on the planet.

Excessive irrigation, especially in hot climates, can cause soil salinization. Radioactive soil contamination poses a great danger. Radioactive substances from soils enter plants, then into the bodies of animals and humans, accumulate in them, causing various diseases. Chemical means of protection are particularly dangerous, especially organic compounds, used in agriculture to control pests, diseases and weeds. Inept and uncontrolled use of pesticides leads to their accumulation in soil, water, and bottom sediments of reservoirs.

2.7. Reduction of natural diversity.

Extreme exploitation, pollution, and often simply barbaric destruction of natural communities lead to a sharp decrease in the diversity of living things. Animal extinction could be the largest in the history of our planet. More species of birds and mammals have disappeared from the face of the Earth in the last 300 years than in the previous 10,000 years. It should be remembered that the main damage to diversity does not lie in their death due to direct persecution and destruction, but in the fact that due to the development of new areas for agricultural production, industrial development and environmental pollution, the areas of many natural ecosystems are disturbed. This so-called “indirect impact” leads to the extinction of tens and hundreds of species of animals and plants, many of which were not known and will never be described by science. The process of extinction, for example, of animals, has significantly accelerated due to the destruction of tropical forests. Over the past 200 years, their area has almost halved and continues to decline at a rate of 15–20 hectares per minute. The steppes in Eurasia and the prairies in the USA have almost completely disappeared. Tundra communities are also being rapidly destroyed. Coral reefs and other marine communities are under threat in many areas.

3. Ways to solve environmental problems.

3.1. Balanced development of humanity.

Humanity must learn to “live within our means,” use natural resources without undermining them, and finance programs aimed at preventing the catastrophic consequences of our own activities. Such important programs include curbing population growth; development of new industrial technologies to avoid pollution, search for new, “clean” energy sources; increasing food production without increasing acreage.

3.2. Strategy for the development of industry, energy and pollution control.

Preventing pollution is easier than eliminating its consequences. In industry, cleaning systems are used for this purpose. waste water, recycled water supply, gas collection units, special filters are installed on car exhaust pipes. The transition to new, cleaner energy sources also helps reduce environmental pollution.

3.3. Good governance natural resources requires not only extensive and in-depth knowledge of the patterns and mechanisms of the functioning of ecological systems, but also the purposeful formation of the moral foundation of society, people's consciousness of their unity with nature, the need to rebuild the system social production and consumption.

3.4. Rational use mineral resources.

Sustainable approaches to extracting and processing natural mineral resources include:

– complete and comprehensive extraction of all useful components from the deposit;

– reclamation (restoration) of lands after the use of deposits;

– economical and waste-free use of raw materials in production;

– deep cleaning and technological use of production waste;

– reuse of materials after products are no longer in use;

– application of energy-saving technologies.

3.5. Agricultural development strategy.

IN further development In agriculture, the strategic direction is to increase crop yields, making it possible to provide a growing population with food without increasing the area under cultivation. Increased crop yields can be achieved through increased irrigation. Another way is to develop and cultivate new varieties of crops that are more productive and resistant to diseases.

An important way to increase productivity is to reduce losses from pests, diseases and weeds by protecting crops, where special importance in the fight against pests is given to agrotechnical, breeding, seed-growing techniques, crop rotation, and biological methods. Chemical method used in extreme cases, in years when pests exceed the harmfulness threshold, a threat of crop loss is created and other methods do not make it possible to prevent these losses.

3.6. Conservation of natural communities.

The basis for human well-being in the future is the preservation of natural diversity. The preservation of natural communities is important not only for material well-being, but also for the full existence of humans.

It is now clear that in order to preserve species diversity, it is necessary to preserve undisturbed areas, which must be significant in area, since otherwise many species are threatened with extinction on small protected “islands.” Any kind of economic activity, and special security zones have been created around.

III. Conclusion.

The development of modern environmental legislation and the creation of effective mechanisms for its implementation is an indispensable element of building a society in harmony with nature.

To replace slogans like “Man is the king of nature” or “We cannot expect favors from nature, our task is to take them from her!” there must be an attitude towards a reasonable and careful attitude towards that which alone makes us exist - to Nature, our common and only home - planet Earth.

Awareness of common goals and difficulties standing in the way will inevitably give rise to a feeling of planetary unity of people. We need to learn to feel like members of one family, the fate of which depends on each of us. Awareness of the unities of humanity is one of the foundations of environmental morality and humanism.

IV. List of used literature.

1. Akimova T.A., Khaskin V.V. Ecology. Man – Economy – Biota – Environment: Textbook for universities. – M.: UNITY – DANA, 2000.

2. Kriksunov E.A., Pasechnik V.V. Ecology: 9th grade: Textbook for general education. textbook establishments.

– M.: Bustard, 1995.

3. Krivoshein D.A., Ant L.A. Ecology and life safety: Textbook. manual for universities / Ed. L.A. Ant. – M.: UNITY – DANA, 2000.

4. Novikov Yu.V. Ecology, environment and people: Proc. manual for universities. – M.: Agency “FAIR”, 1998.

5. Protasov V.F., Molchanov A.V. Ecology, health and environmental management in Russia. / Ed. V.F. Protasova. – M.: Finance and Statistics, 1995.

6. Stepanovskikh A.S. General ecology: Textbook for universities. – M.: UNITY – DANA, 2000.

7. Stadnitsky G.V., Rodionov A.I. Ecology: Textbook. manual for chemical technologists. universities – M.: Higher. school, 1988.

8. Tsvetkova L.I., Alekseev M.I. Ecology: A Textbook for technical universities./ Ed. L.I. Tsvetkova. – M.: Publishing house ASV; St. Petersburg: Khimizdat, 1999.

9. Hwang T.A., Hwang P.A. Fundamentals of ecology. Series "Textbooks and teaching aids" – Rostov n/d.: “Phoenix”, 2001.

10. Ecological fundamentals environmental management: Textbook. allowance./ Ed. E.A. Arustamova. - M.: Publishing House "Dalikov and Co", 2001.

§25. How man changed nature

1. How does man influence nature?

Man influences nature, both positively and negatively.

Most are negative. Humanity is cutting down a lot of forests, which makes oxygen scarce. Kills animals for leather, builds more and more factories. All this, of course, affects nature. But there are some people who organize nature reserves to protect animals, plant gardens, but this is not enough for nature to return to the state it was before!

2. How can the anthropogenic factor manifest itself in nature?

Negative manifestations: deforestation, construction of dams, destruction of vegetation, environmental pollution, shooting of animals.

Positive manifestations: planting trees, creating nature reserves, crop production, cleaning rivers.

3. Why is the tropical forest more difficult to restore than the northern taiga?

In tropical forests there is high humidity, there is more rotting of the root system of seedlings than in the taiga, so the likelihood that the plant will take root is extremely low, and you also need to take into account the fact that in the taiga the plants are unpretentious than in the tropics. In addition, in a deforested tropical forest, the microclimate and soil change, making it much more difficult to restore it. And the taiga is being restored due to the fact that tree seeds are carried by the wind over large areas. In addition, the taiga has a lower diversity of species than the tropics. Rain-forest it is also more difficult to restore because of this, because there is nowhere to get such large number hundreds of different seedlings.

§24. How man appeared on Earth§26. The importance of protecting the living world of the planet

The influence of man on nature, the influence of society on nature

Human influence on nature is the result of his interaction with the environment, which can be both positive and negative.

The interaction of society with nature cannot be only positive or only negative. We are all well aware of negative impact human activities on the environment. Therefore, we will consider in more detail exactly positive influence society to nature.

Positive influence of man on nature

1. Creation of nature reserves and sanctuaries started a long time ago. However, today world animal protection organizations are more actively addressing the problem of the disappearance of various species of animals and birds. Rare species of animals are listed in the Red Book. Many laws prohibiting poaching and hunting protect animals in many countries.
2. Due to the growth of the Earth's population, humanity needs to provide itself with a large amount of consumed resources. Therefore, it is necessary to take care of expanding agricultural land. But it is impossible to plow up the entire Earth for agricultural work. Therefore, people came up with a positive solution to this problem - intensification of agriculture, as well as more rational and efficient use of farmland. For this purpose, new plant varieties have been developed that have a high level of productivity.
3. The consumption of the Earth's energy resources is growing tenfold every year due to the increased modernization of the modern world. Man takes virtually all resources from nature. However, they also have their limits. And here the activities of society began to be directed in a positive direction. Humanity is trying to create a replacement for natural sources of resources, improving methods of mining so as not to destroy the natural environment of the deposits. Fossils began to be spent more economically and used only strictly for their intended purpose. Today, society is creating new ways to extract energy from wind, sun and tidal waters.
4. Due to the huge amount of production waste released into the environment, powerful self-cleaning structures began to be created, which process waste from factories and factories, leaving no opportunity for all harmful emissions to remain and decompose.

Negative human impact on nature

1. Environmental pollution with industrial waste products.
2. Poaching, hunting, catching immature fish species. As a result, certain types of fauna do not have time to replenish themselves, and extinction or complete disappearance of animals is observed.
3. Devastation of the Earth's resources.

   Humanity draws all its resources from the depths of the Earth, so natural sources are depleted. Population growth is observed every year, and humanity needs more resources.

Conclusion

The current task of humanity is to maintain the natural balance on Earth for further positive interaction with nature.

Most likely, you will be interested.

Human influence on nature is the result of his interaction with the environment, which can be both positive and negative.

The interaction of society with nature cannot be only positive or only negative. We are all well aware of the negative impact of human activity on the environment. Therefore, we will consider in more detail the positive impact of society on nature.

Positive influence of man on nature

1. Creation of nature reserves and sanctuaries started a long time ago. However, today world animal protection organizations are more actively addressing the problem of the disappearance of various species of animals and birds. Rare species of animals are listed in the Red Book. Many laws prohibiting poaching and hunting protect animals in many countries.
2. Due to the growth of the Earth's population, humanity needs to provide itself with a large amount of consumed resources. Therefore, it is necessary to take care of expanding agricultural land. But it is impossible to plow up the entire Earth for agricultural work. Therefore, people came up with a positive solution to this problem - intensification of agriculture, as well as more rational and efficient use of farmland. For this purpose, new plant varieties have been developed that have a high level of productivity.
3. The consumption of the Earth's energy resources is growing tenfold every year due to the increased modernization of the modern world. Man takes virtually all resources from nature. However, they also have their limits. And here the activities of society began to be directed in a positive direction. Humanity is trying to create a replacement for natural sources of resources, improving methods of mining so as not to destroy the natural environment of the deposits.

   Human impact on nature

   Fossils began to be spent more economically and used only strictly for their intended purpose. Today, society is creating new ways to extract energy from wind, sun and tidal waters.

4. Due to the huge amount of production waste released into the environment, powerful self-cleaning structures began to be created, which process waste from factories and factories, leaving no opportunity for all harmful emissions to remain and decompose.

Negative human impact on nature

1. Environmental pollution with industrial waste products.
2. Poaching, hunting, catching immature fish species. As a result, certain types of fauna do not have time to replenish themselves, and extinction or complete disappearance of animals is observed.
3. Devastation of the Earth's resources. Humanity draws all its resources from the depths of the Earth, so natural sources are depleted. Population growth is observed every year, and humanity needs more resources.

Conclusion

The current task of humanity is to maintain the natural balance on Earth for further positive interaction with nature.

Most likely you will be interested in:

10 irrefutable evidence of the monstrous influence of man on nature.

The influence of man on nature, the influence of society on nature

Humans have a devastating impact on the environment, but I am sure that few people fully understand the scale of the harm that we cause to our own planet. This photo selection will allow you to look at the problem from a different angle and understand how human activity affects the world around us.

It becomes uneasy when you see the consequences or traces of human destructive activity where they should not be, for example, melting glaciers, a wasteland instead of a forest, or a burning puddle of oil in the ocean. It is a pity that we did not preserve what nature generously shared with us, and brought its possessions to such a deplorable state.

1. Melting glacier, Northeast Land, Spitsbergen, Norway.

2. The Maldives are at risk of flooding due to rising sea levels.

3. Parade in Germany. The number of people in cities is better visible at such events.

4. A mine where diamonds are mined in Russia.

5. He seems to have caught a wave of garbage, Java, Indonesia.

6. This is what forests look like after cutting down, Canada.

7. When shipping containers become part of the horizon. Port in Singapore.

8. Ignition of an oil slick in the Gulf of Mexico.

9. Clouds of smoke from coal-fired power stations, UK.

10. There is no trace of nature left in this densely populated area, Mexico City, Mexico.

These images are absolutely stunning. I hope the moment will come when humanity will live in harmony with the world around us. Share these shocking shots with your friends!

Source: Populationspeakout

Left a reply Guest

The connections between inanimate and living nature are that air, water, heat, light, and mineral salts are the conditions necessary for the life of living organisms; changes in the actions of these factors affect the organisms in a certain way. This connection is also expressed in the adaptability of living beings to their environment. For example, it is known how vividly the ability of living organisms to live in water manifests itself. Organisms living in the air-terrestrial environment have a very interesting form of connection with inanimate nature: air movement - wind serves as a means of distributing the fruits and seeds of a number of plants, and these fruits and seeds themselves have clearly visible adaptive characteristics. Between inanimate and animate nature there are also connections of a reverse nature, when living organisms influence the inanimate environment around them. For example, they change the composition of the air. In the forest, thanks to the plants, there is more moisture in the soil than in the meadow; in the forest the temperature and air humidity are different. The soil is formed by the interaction of inanimate and animate nature with living organisms. It occupies a sort of intermediate position between inanimate and living nature and serves as a connecting link between them. Many minerals that belong to inanimate nature(limestone, peat, coal and others) were formed from the remains of living organisms. Ecological connections within living nature are also very diverse. The connections between different plants are most noticeably manifested in the indirect influence of some plants on others.

For example, trees, by changing light, humidity, and air temperature under the forest canopy, create certain conditions that are favorable for some plants in the lower tiers and unfavorable for others. So-called weeds in a field or garden absorb a significant portion of moisture and nutrients from the soil, shading cultivated plants, influencing their growth and development, oppressing them.

Give examples of human influence on natural objects.

The connections between plants and animals are interesting. On the one hand, plants serve as food for animals (food connection); create their habitat (saturate the air with oxygen); give them shelter; serve as material for building dwellings (for example, a bird's nest). On the other hand, animals also influence plants. For example, their fruits and seeds spread, and therefore some fruits have special devices (burdock seeds).

Between animals different types Food connections are especially clearly visible. This is reflected in the concepts of “insectivores” and “carnivorous animals”. The connections between animals of the same species are interesting, for example, the distribution of nesting or hunting territory, the care of adult animals for their offspring.

There are peculiar connections between fungi, plants and animals. Mushrooms growing in the forest, with their underground part as a mycelium, grow together with the roots of trees, shrubs, and some herbs. Thanks to this, mushrooms receive organic nutrients from plants. nutrients, plants from fungi - water with soluble mineral salts in it. Some animals eat mushrooms and are treated with them.

The listed types of connections between inanimate and living nature, between components of living nature, manifest themselves in a forest, meadow, and reservoir, due to which the latter become not just a set of different plants and animals, but a natural community.

Very great value has a revelation of the connections between man and nature. Moreover, man is considered as a part of nature, he exists within nature and is inseparable from it.

The connection between man and nature is manifested, first of all, in the diverse role that nature plays in the material and spiritual life of people. At the same time, they also manifest themselves in the reverse impact of humans on nature, which in turn can be positive (nature conservation) and negative (air and water pollution, destruction of plants, animals, etc.).