The most interesting fact about chemistry. Organic chemistry: interesting facts. Great accidents Gray cardinals among plants

What accident actually brought Linux into being?

Linus Torvalds used the Minix operating system, but was dissatisfied with many of its limitations and decided to write his own system. At a certain point, a more or less stable version was released, Torvalds' interest in the project faded, and he was ready to abandon it. But during the same period, he accidentally damaged the partition on the hard drive where Minix was located, and instead of reinstalling it, Torvalds decided to finish what he started. Thus, thanks to chance, the Linux kernel and subsequently the GNU/Linux OS appeared.

Which car part was invented by accident?

Unbreakable glass was invented by accident. In 1903, French chemist Edouard Benedictus accidentally dropped a flask filled with nitrocellulose. The glass cracked, but did not shatter into small pieces. Having realized what was going on, Benedictus made the first modern windshields to reduce the number of victims of car accidents.

What mistake helped Louis Pasteur discover the modern method of vaccination?

One day, Louis Pasteur, who was conducting experiments on infecting birds with chicken cholera, decided to go on vacation and left his assistant in the laboratory. He forgot to vaccinate the chickens and went on vacation himself. Returning, the assistant infected the chickens, which at first weakened, but then unexpectedly recovered. Thanks to this oversight, Pasteur realized that weakened bacteria are the key to getting rid of the disease, as they provide immunity from it, and became the founder of modern vaccination. Subsequently, he also created vaccinations against anthrax and rabies.

What accident helped discover a treatment for beriberi disease?

At the end of the 19th century, the Dutch physiologist Christian Eijkman was sent to Indonesia to study the beriberi disease, from which local residents were dying in large numbers. One day he noticed that laboratory chickens were showing symptoms of illness. Analyzing the reasons, Aikman found out that the new cook began to purchase not brown, but white rice for the army ration, which was also used to feed chickens. The scientist again began to give them brown brown rice, and soon the chickens were cured. Other biologists continued Eijkman's research and found a medicinal component in unprocessed rice - thiamine, or vitamin B1.

What was invented first - matches or a lighter?

The first lighter, similar to the ones we are used to, was invented in 1823 by the German chemist Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner - 3 years earlier than modern matches, which are ignited by friction against a nozzle. They were accidentally obtained in 1826 by the English chemist John Walker.

Who played a key role in popularizing champagne?

Many consider the French monk Pierre Dom Perignon to be the inventor of champagne, but this is far from the truth. He developed many techniques that are still used by champagne producers in the process of making the initial wine, but he considered bubbles in the wine a sign of defect. And the British played a key role in popularizing bubbling wine. They imported wines from the Champagne region and then transferred them from barrels to bottles with cork stoppers (something the French did not know at the time). After the fermentation process resumed, carbon dioxide began to form in the bottles, and the wine bubbled in open bottles, which the British really liked.

How was the tea bag invented?

The tea bag was invented by American Thomas Sullivan in 1904 by accident. He decided to send tea to customers in silk bags instead of traditional tin cans. However, customers thought that they were offered a new way - to brew tea directly in these bags, and found this method very convenient.

How did Mendeleev discover the periodic law?

There is a widespread legend that the idea of ​​the periodic table of chemical elements came to Mendeleev in a dream. One day he was asked if this was true, to which the scientist replied: “I’ve been thinking about it for maybe twenty years, but you think: I sat there and suddenly... it’s ready.”

Who solved a difficult math problem by treating it as homework?

American mathematician George Dantzig, while a graduate student at the university, was late for class one day and mistook the equations written on the blackboard for homework. It seemed more difficult to him than usual, but after a few days he was able to complete it. It turned out that he solved two “unsolvable” problems in statistics that many scientists had struggled with.

How were chips invented?

The signature recipe of one American restaurant where George Crum worked in 1853 was French fries. One day, a customer returned fried potatoes to the kitchen, complaining that they were “too thick.” Krum, deciding to play a trick on him, cut the potatoes literally paper-thin and fried them. Thus, he invented chips, which became the restaurant's most popular dish.

How were antibiotics discovered?

Antibiotics were discovered by accident. Alexander Fleming left a test tube containing staphylococcus bacteria unattended for several days. A colony of mold fungi grew in it and began to destroy the bacteria, and then Fleming isolated the active substance - penicillin.

How was vulcanization discovered?

American Charles Goodyear accidentally discovered a recipe for making rubber that does not soften in the heat and does not become brittle in the cold. He mistakenly heated a mixture of rubber and sulfur on the kitchen stove (according to another version, he left a rubber sample near the stove). This process is called vulcanization.

It happens that scientists spend years and even a decade to present a new discovery to the world. However, it also happens differently - inventions appear unexpectedly, as a result of bad experience or simple accident. It's hard to believe, but many devices and drugs that changed the world were invented completely by accident.
I offer the most famous of such accidents.

In 1928, he noticed that one of the plastic plates with pathogenic staphylococcus bacteria in his laboratory was covered with mold. However, Fleming left the laboratory for the weekend without washing the dirty dishes. After the weekend he returned to his experiment. He examined the plate under a microscope and found that the mold had destroyed the bacteria. This mold turned out to be the main form of penicillin. This discovery is considered one of the greatest in the history of medicine. The significance of Fleming's discovery became clear only in 1940, when massive research began on a new type of antibiotic drugs. Millions of lives were saved thanks to this accidental discovery.

Safety glass
Safety glass is widely used in the automotive and construction industries. Today it is everywhere, but when the French scientist (and artist, composer and writer) Edouard Benedictus accidentally dropped an empty glass flask on the floor in 1903 and it did not break, he was very surprised. As it turned out, before this, a collodion solution was stored in the flask; the solution evaporated, but the walls of the vessel were covered with a thin layer of it.
At that time, the automobile industry was rapidly developing in France, and the windshield was made of ordinary glass, which caused many injuries to drivers, which Benedictus drew attention to. He saw real life-saving benefits in using his invention in cars, but automakers found it too expensive to produce. And only years later, when during the Second World War, triplex (this is the name the new glass received) was used as glass for gas masks, in 1944 Volvo used it in cars.

Pacemaker
The pacemaker, which now saves thousands of lives, was invented by mistake. Engineer Wilson Greatbatch worked on creating a device that was supposed to record heart rhythm.
One day he inserted the wrong transistor into the device and discovered that oscillations arose in the electrical circuit, which were similar to the correct rhythm of the human heart. Soon the scientist created the first implantable pacemaker - a device that supplies artificial impulses for the heart to work.

Radioactivity
Radioactivity was discovered by accident by the scientist Henri Becquerel.
It was 186, when Becquerel was working on the phosphorescence of uranium salts and the newly discovered X-rays. He conducted a series of experiments to determine whether fluorescent minerals could produce radiation when exposed to sunlight. The scientist faced a problem - the experiment was carried out in winter, when there was not enough bright sunlight. He wrapped the uranium and photographic plates in one bag and began to wait for a sunny day. Returning to work, Becquerel discovered that the uranium had been imprinted on the photographic plate without sunlight. Later, he, together with Marie and Pierre Curie, discovered what is now known as radioactivity, for which, together with the scientific couple, he later received the Nobel Prize.

Microwave oven
The microwave oven, also known as the “popcorn oven,” was born precisely thanks to a happy coincidence. And it all began - who would have thought! - from a weapons development project.
Percy LeBaron Spencer, a self-taught engineer, developed radar technologies at one of the largest companies in the global military-industrial complex, Raytheon. In 1945, shortly before the end of World War II, he conducted research to improve the quality of radar. During one of the experiments, Spencer discovered that the chocolate bar that was in his pocket had melted. Against his better judgment, Spencer immediately dismissed the idea that the chocolate could have been melted by body heat - like a true scientist, he seized on the hypothesis that the chocolate was somehow "affected" by the invisible radiation of the magnetron.
Any sane man would have immediately stopped and realized that the “magic” heat rays passed a few centimeters from his dignity. If the military were nearby, they would probably find a worthy use for these “melting rays.” But Spencer thought about something else - he was delighted with his discovery and considered it a real scientific breakthrough.
After a series of experiments, the first water-cooled microwave oven, weighing about 350 kg, was created. It was supposed to be used in restaurants, airplanes and ships - i.e. where it was necessary to quickly heat food.

Vulcanized rubber
It will hardly shock you to learn that rubber for car tires was invented by Charles Goodyear - he became the first inventor whose name was given to the final product.
It was not easy to invent rubber that could withstand the top acceleration and car racing that everyone has dreamed of since the creation of the first car. And in general, Goodyear had every reason to say goodbye forever to the crystal dream of his youth - he kept ending up in prison, lost all his friends and almost starved his own children, tirelessly trying to invent more durable rubber (for him it turned almost into an obsession ).
So, this was in the mid-1830s. After two years of unsuccessful attempts to optimize and strengthen conventional rubber (mixing rubber with magnesia and lime), Goodyear and his family were forced to take refuge in an abandoned factory and fish for food. It was then that Goodyear made a sensational discovery: he mixed rubber with sulfur and got new rubber! The first 150 bags of rubber were sold to the government and...
Oh yes. The rubber turned out to be of poor quality and completely useless. The new technology turned out to be ineffective. Goodyear was ruined - once again!
Finally, in 1839, Goodyear wandered into a department store with another batch of failed rubber. The people gathered in the store watched the crazy inventor with interest. Then they started laughing. In a rage, Goodyear threw the wad of rubber onto the hot stove.
After carefully examining the burnt remains of rubber, Goodyear realized that he had just - completely by accident - invented a method for producing reliable, elastic, water-resistant rubber. Thus, an entire empire was born from the fire.

Champagne
Many people know that champagne was invented by Dom Pierre Perignon, but this monk of the Order of St. Benedict, who lived in the 17th century, did not intend to make wine with bubbles, but quite the opposite - he spent years trying to prevent this, since sparkling wine was considered a sure sign poor quality winemaking.
Initially, Perignon wanted to please the tastes of the French court and create a corresponding white wine. Since it was easier to grow dark grapes in Champagne, he came up with a way to extract light juice from them. But since the climate in Champagne is relatively cold, the wine had to ferment for two seasons, spending the second year in the bottle. The result was a wine filled with carbon dioxide bubbles, which Perignon tried to get rid of, but was unsuccessful. Fortunately, the new wine was very popular with the aristocracy of both the French and English courts.

Plastic
In 1907, shellac was used for insulation in the electronics industry. The cost of importing shellac, which was made from Asian beetles, was enormous, so chemist Leo Hendrik Baekeland decided it would be a good idea to invent an alternative to shellac. As a result of experiments, he obtained a plastic material that did not collapse at high temperatures. The scientist thought that the material he invented could be used in the production of phonographs, however, it soon became clear that the material could be used much more widely than expected. Today, plastic is used in all areas of industry.

Saccharin
Saccharin, a sugar substitute known to everyone who is losing weight, was invented due to the fact that chemist Konstantin Fahlberg did not have the healthy habit of washing his hands before eating.
It was 1879, when Fahlberg was working on new ways to use coal tar. Having finished his work day, the scientist came home and sat down to dinner. The food seemed sweet to him, and the chemist asked his wife why she added sugar to the food. However, my wife did not find the food sweet. Fahlberg realized that it was not the food that was actually sweet, but his hands, which he, as always, did not wash before dinner. The next day, the scientist returned to work, continued his research, and then patented a method for producing an artificial low-calorie sweetener and began its production.

Teflon
Teflon, which has made the lives of housewives around the world easier, was also invented by accident. DuPont chemist Roy Plunkett studied the properties of freon and froze tetrafluoroethylene gas for one of his experiments. After freezing, the scientist opened the container and discovered that the gas had disappeared! Plunkett shook the canister and looked into it - there he found white powder. Fortunately for those who have made an omelette at least once in their lives, the scientist became interested in the powder and continued to study it. As a result, Teflon was invented, without which it is impossible to imagine a modern kitchen.

Ice cream cones
This story may serve as a perfect example of a chance invention and a chance meeting that had a widespread impact. And it's also quite tasty.
Until 1904, ice cream was served on a saucer, and it wasn't until that year's World's Fair in St. Louis, Missouri, that two seemingly unrelated foods became inextricably linked.
At that particularly hot and muggy World's Fair of 1904, the ice cream stand was doing so well that it quickly ran out of saucers. The stall next door selling Zalabiya, thin waffles from Persia, wasn't doing very well, so its owner came up with the idea of ​​rolling the waffles into a cone and putting ice cream on top. That’s how ice cream in a waffle cone was born, and it doesn’t seem like it’s going to die in the near future.

Synthetic dyes
It sounds strange, but it is a fact - synthetic dye was invented as a result of an attempt to invent a cure for malaria.
In 1856, chemist William Perkin worked to create artificial quinine to treat malaria. He did not invent a new cure for malaria, but he received a thick dark mass. Taking a closer look at this mass, Perkin discovered that it gave off a very beautiful color. This is how he invented the first chemical dye.
Its dye turned out to be much better than any natural dye: firstly, its color was much brighter, and secondly, it did not fade or wash off. Perkin's discovery turned chemistry into a very profitable science.

Potato chips
In 1853, at a restaurant in Saratoga, New York, a particularly capricious customer (railroad magnate Cornelius Vanderbilt) repeatedly refused to eat the French fries he was served, complaining that they were too thick and soggy. After he refused several plates of increasingly thin-cut potatoes, restaurant chef George Crum decided to get back at him by frying some wafer-thin potato slices in oil and serving them to the customer.
At first Vanderbilt started saying that this latest attempt was too thin to be pierced with a fork, but after trying a few he was very pleased and everyone in the restaurant wanted the same. As a result, a new dish appeared on the menu: “Saratoga chips,” which were soon sold all over the world.

Post-It Labels
The humble Post-It Notes were the result of a chance collaboration between a mediocre scientist and a disgruntled churchgoer. In 1970, Spencer Silver, a researcher at the large American corporation 3M, worked on a formula for a strong adhesive, but was only able to create a very weak adhesive that could be removed with almost no effort. He tried to promote his invention to the corporation, but no one paid attention to him.
Four years later, Arthur Fry, a 3M employee and member of his church choir, became very annoyed by the fact that the pieces of paper he put in his hymn book as bookmarks kept falling out when the book was opened. During one service, he remembered Spencer Silver's invention, had an epiphany (church is probably the best place for this), and then applied a little of Spencer's mild, but paper-safe, glue to his bookmarks. It turned out that the little sticky notes did just what he needed, and he sold the idea to 3M. Test promotion of the new product began in 1977, and today it is difficult to imagine life without these stickers.

Safety glass is widely used in the automotive and construction industries. Today it is everywhere, but when the French scientist (and artist, composer and writer) Edouard Benedictus accidentally dropped an empty glass flask on the floor in 1903 and it did not break, he was very surprised. As it turned out, before this, a collodion solution was stored in the flask; the solution evaporated, but the walls of the vessel were covered with a thin layer of it.

At that time, the automobile industry was rapidly developing in France, and the windshield was made of ordinary glass, which caused many injuries to drivers, which Benedictus drew attention to. He saw real life-saving benefits in using his invention in cars, but automakers found it too expensive to produce. And only years later, when during the Second World War, triplex (this is the name the new glass received) was used as glass for gas masks, in 1944 Volvo used it in cars.

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AiF.ru talks about unusual facts from the life of chemists and accidents that led to great discoveries.

Accidental discovery

In 1903 French chemist Edouard Benedictus accidentally dropped a flask filled with nitrocellulose. The glass cracked, but did not shatter into small pieces.

Benedictus applied the discovery to the production of windshields for cars. It was a "sandwich" made from a sheet of nitrocellulose between two layers of glass. Of course, the glass would still break if there was a strong impact, but the fragments would stay on the nitrocellulose sheet instead of flying into the faces of the vehicle's passengers during an accident.

Glowing Professor

Academician Semyon Volfkovich, professor at Moscow University, conducted experiments with phosphorus. Phosphorus gas soaked the scientist’s clothes during his work. Therefore, when Wolfkovich returned home through the dark streets, his clothes emitted a bluish glow, and sparks flew from under his shoes. Each time a crowd gathered behind him, mistaking the scientist for an otherworldly creature, which led to the spread of rumors throughout Moscow about the “luminous monk.”

From physicist to chemist

"Father" nuclear physicist Ernest Rutherford once stated that “all sciences can be divided into two groups - physics and stamp collecting.” However, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry “for his research in the field of decay of elements in the chemistry of radioactive substances” (1908). Subsequently, Rutherford noted that of all the transformations that he was able to observe, “the most unexpected was his own transformation from a physicist to a chemist.”

Discovery of antibiotics

Antibiotics were discovered by accident. Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming did not really like to clean his laboratory table, which, by a lucky coincidence, helped him in 1928 to make one of the most important discoveries of the 20th century in medicine.

Unlike his tidy colleagues, who cleaned the dishes with bacteria immediately after finishing working with them, Fleming did not wash the dishes for 2-3 weeks, until his laboratory bench was cluttered. Then he got to work cleaning up, looking through the cups one by one, so as not to miss anything interesting. In one of the vessels he discovered mold, which, to his surprise, inhibited the sown bacteria. This is how the first antibiotic, penicillin, was discovered.

In addition to treating patients, Flemming used his discovery in painting. His paintings were not done in oil or watercolor, but with colorful strains of microbes.

Inventor of rubber

American Charles Goodyear I accidentally discovered a recipe for making rubber. He mistakenly heated a mixture of rubber and sulfur on the kitchen stove (according to another version, he left the substance near the stove). This is how vulcanization was discovered, during which rubber becomes rubber.

Goodyear himself admitted that the vulcanization process was not discovered as a result of the application of the classical scientific method, but the inventor argued that this was not an accident. Rather, the result of experimental activities and observations.

Unknown Mendeleev

Famous Russian scientist Dmitry Mendeleev was the seventeenth child in the family. He did poorly at school and once even repeated his grade. In his first year at the institute, he managed to get unsatisfactory grades in all subjects except mathematics. And in mathematics he only scored “satisfactorily”... But in his senior years, things went differently. Mendeleev graduated from the institute in 1855 with a gold medal. Mendeleev loved to bind books, glue frames for portraits, and also make suitcases. In St. Petersburg and Moscow he was known as the best suitcase maker in Russia. “From Mendeleev himself,” the merchants said. According to legend, the periodic table of chemical elements that made the scientist famous came to him in a dream. However, the scientist himself said: « I’ve been thinking about it for maybe twenty years, but you think: I was sitting there and suddenly... it’s done.”.

Lost in translation

The sugar substitute sucralose was discovered by accident. Professor Leslie Hough gave instructions to a foreign student who worked with him to test (English test) chlorinated sugar compounds obtained in the laboratory. The student spoke little English and thought he was being asked to taste the substance. He found the compound exceptionally sweet.

Inventor of soda

English scientist Joseph Priestley in 1767 he became interested in the nature of the bubbles that come to the surface during the fermentation of beer. He placed a bowl of water over the beer vat, which he then tasted and found to have a refreshing effect.

Priestley discovered none other than carbon dioxide, which is still used today in the production of carbonated drinks. Five years later, the scientist published a paper in which he described a more advanced method for producing carbon dioxide by reacting sulfuric acid with chalk.

Great chemist

One day in 1837, a deafening explosion was heard in the basement of a private boarding house in Kazan. It turned out that one of the students of the institution, Sasha Butlerov, secretly set up a laboratory in the basement where he conducted chemical experiments.

The pedagogical council decided to expose the “hooligan” to ridicule, and he was taken to the dining room with a plaque hung on his chest, on which was written in large letters: “The Great Chemist.”

In coming up with this mocking inscription, Sasha’s unlucky teachers did not, of course, even allow the thought that it would become prophetic and that the “violator of boarding rules” branded by it would become a truly great chemist - Alexander Mikhailovich Butlerov.

Probably everyone at school studied important facts in chemistry. However, not everyone knows that chemistry surrounds us everywhere. It is impossible to imagine the life of a modern person without the use of chemical elements that are of great benefit to humanity. In addition, interesting facts about chemistry in human life will help you learn more about this amazing and useful science. Everyone should learn about chemical elements and their invaluable benefits to humans. Next, we will take a closer look at interesting facts about chemistry and how it is useful for human life.

1. To ensure the standard flight of a modern aircraft, about 80 tons of oxygen are required. The same amount of oxygen is produced by 40 thousand hectares of forest during photosynthesis.

2. About twenty grams of salt are contained in one liter of sea water.

3. The length of 100 million hydrogen atoms in one chain is one centimeter.

4. About 7 mg of gold can be extracted from one ton of the waters of the World Ocean.

5. About 75% of water is contained in the human body.

6. The mass of our planet has increased by one billion tons over the past five centuries.

7. The thinnest matter that a person can see includes the walls of a soap bubble.

8. 0.001 seconds - speed of bursting of a soap bubble.

9. At a temperature of 5000 degrees Celsius, iron turns into a gaseous state.

10. The sun produces more energy in one minute than our planet needs for a whole year.

11. Granite is considered the best conductor of sound compared to air.

12. The largest number of chemical elements was discovered by Carl Shelley, a leading Canadian researcher.

13. The largest platinum nugget weighs more than 7 kilograms.

15. Joseph Black discovered carbon dioxide in 1754.

16. Under the influence of soy sauce, a chemical reaction occurs that makes the killed squid “dance” on the plate.

17. The organic compound skatole is responsible for the characteristic odor of feces.

18. Pyotr Stolypin took the chemistry exam from Dmitry Mendeleev.

19. The transition of a substance from a solid to a gaseous state in chemistry is called sublimation.

20. In addition to mercury, francium and gallium pass into liquid matter at room temperature.

21. Water containing methane can freeze at temperatures above 20 degrees Celsius.

22. Hydrogen is the lightest gas.

23. Hydrogen is also the most common substance in the world.

24. Lithium is considered one of the lightest metals.

25. In his youth, Charles Darwin was famous for his chemical discoveries.

26. In a dream, Mendeleev discovered a system of chemical elements.

27. A large number of chemical elements have been named after countries.

28. Onions contain a substance called sulfur, which causes tears in humans.

29. In Indonesia, people extract sulfur from a volcano, which brings them great profit.

30. In addition, sulfur is also added to cosmetics that are designed to cleanse problem skin.

31. Earwax protects a person from harmful bacteria and microorganisms.

32. French researcher B. Courtois discovered iodine in 1811.

33. More than 100 thousand chemical reactions occur every minute in the human brain.

34. Silver is known for its bactericidal properties, therefore it can purify water from viruses and microorganisms.

35. The name “sodium” was first used by Berzelius.

36. Iron can be easily turned into gas if it is heated to 5 thousand degrees Celsius.

37. Half the mass of the Sun is hydrogen.

38. About 10 billion tons of gold are contained in the waters of the World Ocean.

39. Once upon a time, only seven metals were known.

40. Ernest Rutherford was the first to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

41. Dihydrogen monoxide is part of acid rain and is dangerous for all living organisms.

42. At first, platinum was cheaper than silver due to its refractoriness.

43. Geosmin is a substance that is produced on the surface of the earth after rain, causing a characteristic odor.

44. Chemical elements such as ytterbium, yttrium, erbium and terbium were named after the Swedish village of Ytterby.

45. Alexander Fleming first discovered antibiotics.

46. ​​Birds help determine the location of a gas leak due to the presence of the smell of raw meat, which is added artificially.

47. Charles Goodyear first invented rubber.

48. It is easier to get ice from hot water.

49. Finland has the cleanest water in the world.

50. Helium is considered the lightest among the noble gases.

51. Emeralds contain beryllium.

52. Boron is used to color fire green.

53. Nitrogen can cause clouding of consciousness.

54. Neon can glow red if current is passed through it.

55. The ocean contains large amounts of sodium.

56. Computer chips use silicon.

57. Phosphorus is used to make matches.

58. Chlorine can cause allergic reactions in the respiratory system.

59. Argon is used in light bulbs.

60. Potassium can burn with a violet fire.

61. Dairy products contain large amounts of calcium.

62. Scandium is used to make baseball bats, which improves their impact resistance.

63. Titanium is used to create jewelry.

64. Vanadium is used to make steel stronger.

65. Rare cars were often decorated with chrome.

66. Manganese can lead to intoxication of the body.

67. Cobalt is used to make magnets.

68. Nickel is used to produce green glass.

69. Copper conducts current perfectly.

70. To increase the service life of steel, zinc is added to it.

71. Spoons containing gallium can melt in hot water.

72. Germanium is used in mobile phones.

73. A toxic substance includes arsenic, from which poison for rats is made.

74. Bromine can melt at room temperature.

75. Strontium is used to produce red fireworks.

76. Molybdenum is used to produce powerful tools.

77. Technetium is used in x-rays.

78. Ruthenium is used in jewelry production.

79. Rhodium has an incredibly beautiful natural shine.

80. Some pigment paints use cadmium.

81. Indium can produce a sharp sound when bent.

82. Uranium is used to produce nuclear weapons.

83. Americium is used in smoke detectors.

84. Edward Benedictus accidentally invented impact-resistant glass, which is now widely used in various industries.

85. Radon is considered the rarest element of the atmosphere.

86. Tungsten has the highest boiling point.

87. Mercury has the lowest melting point.

88. Argon was discovered by the English physicist Relay in 1894.

89. Canaries sense the presence of methane in the air, so they are used to find gas leaks.

90. Small amounts of methanol can cause blindness.

91. Cesium is one of the most active metals.

92. Fluorine reacts actively with almost all substances.

93. About thirty chemical elements are part of the human body.

94. In everyday life, a person often encounters the hydrolysis of salts, for example, while washing clothes.

95. Due to the oxidation reaction, colored pictures appear on the walls of gorges and quarries.

96. It is impossible to wash stains from protein products in hot water.

97. Dry ice is a solid form of carbon dioxide.

98. The earth’s crust contains the largest number of chemical elements.

99. With the help of carbon dioxide, you can obtain a large number of other substances.

100. Aluminum is one of the lightest metals.

10 facts from the life of chemists

1. The life of the chemist Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin is connected not only with chemistry, but also with music.

2.Edouard Benedictus - a chemist from France who made the discovery by accident.

3. Semyon Volfkovich was engaged in experiments related to phosphorus. When he worked with him, his clothes were also saturated with phosphorus, and therefore, when he returned home late at night, the professor emitted a bluish glow.

4.Alexander Fleming discovered antibiotics by accident.

5. The famous chemist Dmitry Mendeleev was the 17th child in the family.

6. Carbon dioxide was discovered by the English scientist Joseph Priestley.

7. Dmitry Mendeleev’s paternal grandfather was a priest.

8. The famous chemist Svante Arrhenius became overweight from an early age.

9.R. Wood, who is considered an American chemist, originally worked as a laboratory assistant.