View on the territory of the European part. What countries are included in Europe? Climate of the European part of Russia

How many regions, territories, republics are there in the European part of Russia? and got the best answer

Reply from *** Mercury***[guru]
Subjects of the Federation in the European part of Russia (in brackets administrative centers) :
Central Federal District(fully)
1. Belgorod region(Belgorod)
2. Bryansk region (Bryansk)
3. Vladimir region(Vladimir)
4. Voronezh region(Voronezh)
5. Ivanovo region (Ivanovo)
6. Kaluga region (Kaluga)
7. Kostroma region (Kostroma)
8. Kursk region (Kursk)
9. Lipetsk region (Lipetsk)
10. Moscow
11. Moscow region (Moscow)
12. Oryol region (Orel)
13. Ryazan region (Ryazan)
14. Smolensk region (Smolensk)
15. Tambov Region(Tambov)
16. Tver region (Tver)
17. Tula region(Tula)
18. Yaroslavl region(Yaroslavl)
Northwestern Federal District (except for the Kaliningrad region)
19. Arkhangelsk region (Arkhangelsk)
20. Vologda region (Vologda)
21. Republic of Karelia (Petrozavodsk)
22. Komi Republic (Syktyvkar)
23. Leningrad region (St. Petersburg)
24. Murmansk region (Murmansk)
25. Novgorod region (Novgorod the Great)
26. Pskov region (Pskov)
27. St. Petersburg
28. Nenetsky autonomous region(Naryan-Mar, part of the Arkhangelsk region)
Southern Federal District
29. Astrakhan region (Astrakhan)
30. Volgograd region (Volgograd)
31. Republic of Kalmykia (Elista)
32. Rostov region(Rostov-on-Don)
33. Krasnodar region (Krasnodar)
North Caucasus Federal District
34. Dagestan (Makhachkala)
35. Ingushetia (Magas)
36. Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (Nalchik)
37. Karachay-Cherkess Republic (Cherkessk)
38. North Ossetia(Vladikavkaz)
39. Stavropol region(Stavropol)
40. Chechnya (Grozny)
41. Adygea (Maykop)
Volga Federal District (west of the Urals)
42. Kirov region(Kirov)
43. Republic of Mari El (Yoshkar-Ola)
44. Republic of Mordovia (Saransk)
45. Nizhny Novgorod Region(Nizhny Novgorod)
46. ​​Penza region (Penza)
47. Samara Region(Samara)
48. Saratov region (Saratov)
49. Republic of Tatarstan (Kazan)
50. Udmurt Republic (Izhevsk)
51. Ulyanovsk region (Ulyanovsk)
52. Chuvash Republic(Cheboksary)
Total: 52 subjects Russian Federation located in the European part of the country. Of these, 32 are regions, 15 republics, 2 territories, 1 autonomous district, and 2 federal cities.
Note: Sometimes the European part of Russia also includes Kaliningrad region, which is actually a special region, part of the Baltic states.

Answer from Irina Ponomareva[newbie]
Moscow is there!

Answer from Marina Gizatullina[active]
Mercury learn.
It's a shame not to know your country
Autonomous okrugs - 4
Autonomous regions - 1
Federal cities - 3
Regions - 45
edges - 9
republics - 22

Europe is a part of the world that is located in the northern hemisphere of our planet, it is washed by numerous seas and, together with Asia, forms Eurasia. In ancient Greek mythology, Europa is a Phoenician princess who was treacherously kidnapped by Zeus and taken to the island of Crete.

There is a hypothesis that this name comes from a Greek word that the Greeks used to designate all the territories located west of the Aegean Sea. There are other theories regarding the origin of this name.

General information

Today, more than 740 million people live here, or 10% of the total population of the Earth. General area– more than 10 million square kilometers.

The shores of Europe are washed by two oceans: the Atlantic and the Arctic, as well as numerous seas. The coast is very indented, large area occupy numerous peninsulas. Most of Europe is occupied by vast plains.

It flows here a large number of rivers and there are many large lakes. The climate is temperate, in the western part - oceanic, in the eastern part - continental. Europe is rich in minerals and other natural resources. This is where the countries with the most developed economies are located.

This part of the world has played a vital role in human history. It is worth noting the enormous richness and diversity of European cultures.

Borders

The borders of Europe have changed in different periods of human history, and debates around them continue to this day. The ancient Greeks considered Europe northern part of your country. Gradually, people got to know their world better, and the borders gradually moved further to the east.

However, people developed more and more new territories and moved further to the east. Famous Russian historian Tatishchev proposed dividing the continent along the foot Ural mountains. This point of view was first accepted in Russia, and then by foreign geographers.

However, in currently There are disputes regarding the exact boundaries of this part of the world. They are not global. Now there are several options for drawing borders. This issue plays an important political role, because where the border of Europe lies depends on which countries are included in it.

The border in the north runs along the coast of the Arctic Ocean, the west along the Atlantic Ocean, the eastern border along the foot of the Ural Mountains, along the Emba River to the Caspian Sea and along the Manych and Kuma rivers to the mouth of the Don. Then the border goes along the northern coast of the Black Sea and the Black Sea straits.

According to another opinion, the border runs along the Caucasus ridge. There are other options for drawing the border, which move it south from the Caucasus Mountains.

Countries that are part of Europe

Europe is often divided into Eastern and Western, Southern and Northern, although such a division is somewhat arbitrary. It is more related to political and cultural characteristics. On the European political map You can find both large states (Russia, Ukraine, France) and very tiny ones. Several countries are only partially located in Europe.

In total, this part of the world includes (in whole or in part) 49 countries. Of these, several states are not always considered to be part of Europe. There are also several territories with uncertain status. They declared independence, but it was not recognized by the world community.

Borders European countries changed over the centuries as a result of numerous wars and revolutions.

So, which countries are considered European today? We have prepared a list for you, dividing it into four parts: states Western Europe, countries that are located in its north, countries of Southern and Eastern Europe. And also those countries that are only partially located in this part of the world.

West Side:

1. France
2. Great Britain
3. Austria
4. Belgium
5. Germany
6. Ireland
7. Luxembourg
8. Liechtenstein
9. Monaco
10. Switzerland
11. Ireland

East End:

1. Bulgaria
2. Romania
3. Ukraine
4. Poland
5. Slovakia
6. Hungary
7. Czech
8. Moldova
9. Belarus

Many residents of one or another settlement Russia doesn’t even know the surrounding attractions, not to mention those for which the neighboring city or other region is famous. Foreigners often have only a vague idea of ​​the country. Fortunately, the level of service is constantly growing, which is gradually stimulating the development of tourism.

Geographical location

The territory of the European part of Russia is limited from the east by the Ural Mountains, the southern border passes through North Caucasus. Its size is about 4,000,000 sq km, that is, it is almost half of all Europe, but only 23% of the entire great country. This is the most developed and densely populated part of the state. It is here that noisy megacities, ultra-modern buildings are located, and very close by - original and beautiful nature. The population of the European part of Russia is about 80 million people - this is half of all residents of the country.

One and indivisible

The European and Asian parts of Russia form one large whole, although the second geographically belongs to Asia. Its area is about 13,000,000 sq km, although relatively few people live on it. This is due to the small amount major cities and unfavorable climatic conditions. The entire vast territory is inhabited by about 70 million people.

The Asian part is divided into 4 regions: the Urals, Siberia Eastern and Western and Far East. This is the expanse from the Pacific Ocean to the Ural Mountains, home to endless forests and beautiful rivers. Despite the abundance natural resources, concentrated in the eastern part of Russia, construction here is much more expensive, due to the harsh climate, permafrost, mountainous terrain, forests and swamps. That is why vast territories remain virtually untouched.

A paradise for nature and hiking lovers

The largest cities in the Asian part of Russia are Tyumen. The incredible beauty of the surrounding area attracts tourists from all over the world. The famous sanatorium "Belokurikha", the magnificent Belukha mountain range and the protected area of ​​the Altai Mountains provide the opportunity to implement dozens of tourist routes of varying complexity.

Kamchatka gives you the opportunity to get acquainted with active volcanoes and geysers. Thermal springs and healing mud offer great opportunities for improving health. Unique plant and animal world. Luxurious fishing will give you an unforgettable experience.

The already mentioned Altai Mountains and Lake Baikal attract many tourists every year.

Administrative division

The following economic regions of the European part of Russia are distinguished:

• Central.
• Northwestern.
• Southern.
• North Caucasian.
• Privolzhsky.

European part Russia is a well-maintained city, already little distinguishable from the megacities of Europe - the sparkle of night lights, luxurious hotels and restaurants, excellent shopping... Each region is ready to offer its own program for tourists, so we will consider their attractions separately. The population of the European part of Russia consists of representatives of 39 nationalities. Among them, the leaders are Russians, Tatars, and Ukrainians.

We have already talked about Asian territory, so it will not be considered here. The European part of Russia stretches from the western borders of the country to the Urals. The cities are located compactly, close to Europe, with access to the Atlantic Sea.

Most of them are natural and concentrated in the eastern part of the country; only iron mining is in the lead here. The main emphasis in the western part is on manufacturing and Agriculture. The banking sector is much more developed.

Central region of western Russia

Beautiful Moscow, the ancient Kremlin, architectural monuments and museums. Every tourist strives to visit the Golden-domed one, but besides it, there are other parts of Russia that are no less interesting. Any travel agency will offer you a tour of the Golden Ring, visiting Suzdal, Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Ivanovo and other cities. Ancient temples and unique works of ancient architects will give you a lot of impressions.

The second destination for travel can be the places where great people lived. The most famous of them, of course, is Yasnaya Polyana, although the estates of the Pushkins, Sheremetyevs, Shcherbatovs, and Bolshoye Boldino are undeservedly forgotten.

The Smolensk lake region, the forest Trans-Volga region - ten years is not enough to visit every amazing corner. The developed infrastructure and the absence of problems with transport and hotels make it possible to successfully receive even foreign tourists.

This area includes such regions of the European part of Russia as Moscow, Belgorod, Yaroslavl, Bryansk, Tula, Vladimir, Tver, Voronezh, Tambov, Ivanovo, Smolensk, Kaluga, Ryazan, Kostroma, Oryol, Kursk and Lipetsk. A budget holiday on the banks of majestic forests and beautiful rivers will be beneficial and will fill you with health and good mood.

North-West region

This is a large and underdeveloped part of the country. This includes Arkhangelsk, Pskov, Vologda, Novgorod, Murmansk, Leningrad region, Komi, Karelia and the creation of Peter, sung by A.S. Pushkin, - St. Petersburg. What is interesting for tourists here? The north of the European part of Russia is a fabulous virgin taiga. In summer, a fresh breeze rustles in the treetops and birds sing. If your vacation falls on hot July, better place not to be found: the lakes are already warming up for comfortable swimming, and on the shore the sun does not burn the skin. In autumn the taiga delights with colors, crimson and gold are everywhere. The leaves are falling, nature is calming down in anticipation of winter...

Karelia provides a lot of scope for water adventures. Local lakes are connected by rapids and rapids, so rafting enthusiasts will love it here. famous among ski beginners, but it is better to conduct classes before the onset of severe winter frosts.

In the North there are many architectural monuments, ancient monasteries (Solovetsky, Valaam), the Kizhi Church in Lake Onega and much more.

South Region

River, forest and sun... A dream can come true here. This district includes the Krasnodar Territory, Adygea, Astrakhan and Volgograd regions. The presence of large and very beautiful rivers, such as the Volga and Don, opens up endless possibilities for spending a vacation. In this case, you don’t even have to plan a trip to the Black Sea, Sochi or Anapa.

If we talk about visiting tourists, they most often prefer comfortable hotels on the Black Sea coast with a visit to the local arboretum and others to a wild holiday in tents. interesting places. But for the local population with an average income, a holiday in a tent camp on the Volga, a ferry trip to the city-museum of Myshkin and any other budget option may be suitable.

North Caucasus District

This district includes the Stavropol Territory, North Ossetia, Ingushetia, and Dagestan. Today these places are world famous as the only subtropical climate zone in the country, which gives us the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. Thousands of tourists relax and improve their health here every year. It is impossible not to mention the local mineral waters. Kislovodsk is a former all-Union health resort, which is still very popular today.

Climbers have long chosen these places, as Elbrus, the highest peak in Europe, is located here. Routes of varying degrees of difficulty allow you to master the basics of a difficult sport.

The life and customs of the Caucasian peoples attract tourists to these beautiful lands. Cultural and ethnographic attractions and museums are frequently visited sites. Local cuisine is a separate matter; no tourist will go home without trying the aromatic lamb kebab.

Privolzhsky District

These are territories located near the Urals. Republic of Chuvash, Udmurt, Tatarstan, Mordovia, Mari El. In addition to them, Kirov, Nizhny Novgorod, Penza, Samara and Saratov region are also part of the district. Many people live here; in terms of tourism, the area is very promising. Amazing mountainous areas, inexhaustible water resources, excellent fishing and simply relaxation in the lap of nature - such prospects attract tourists and provide work opportunities for numerous tourism organizations.

The proximity of the Ural Mountains allows for mountaineering, as well as leading sports and adventure tourism groups. The area allows everyone to find something to do, including climbers of the highest category (they will be especially interested in the Subpolar Urals).

The unique forests of Komi have the status of a world natural heritage. So far, tourist routes here are undeveloped, although they have great prospects.

Bashkortostan is a place of amazing beauty. It’s hard to even imagine that forty percent of the area of ​​the entire republic is occupied by forests, and besides them, more than 10,000 rivers flow here, there are about 2,500 lakes, ponds and reservoirs. Three reserves, two natural park, more than a hundred and many reserves for the protection of medicinal plants - all this makes it impossible to get acquainted with even one republic during your vacation. The European part of Russia is truly vast.

Let's sum it up

We have only briefly touched upon the description of the riches that these vast territories conceal. The European part of Russia includes five districts, each of which includes from six to eighteen regions. The region may contain several dozen cities, large and small.

Tourists can find everything they want here. Big cities and ancient archaeological sites, untouched forests of Siberia and the highest mountains... Russia has always been famous for its water resources, these are truly inexhaustible reserves of Mother Nature! Rivers, streams, ponds, lakes, small and fragile, powerful and majestic, fast mountain streams for extreme sports enthusiasts or the Volga slowly carrying its waves - nowhere in the world is it possible to find such diversity. Not only the cities themselves, but also the surrounding areas are radically different from each other.

Europe- part of the Eurasian continent, washed by two oceans at once - the Arctic and the Atlantic.

The area of ​​the EU is approximately 10 million square meters. The population accounts for approximately 10% of the total population of the planet, which is approximately 740 million people.

General information

How many parts are there in Europe:

1. Northern Europe;
2. Southern Europe;
3. Eastern Europe;
4. Central Europe.

Depending on existing opinions, European countries can be classified as one part of it or another.

The highest point in Europe is Mount Elbrus, whose height reaches 5642 m. The lowest point is the Caspian Sea, whose height is currently approximately 27 m.

The main territory is dominated by flat terrain, and only 17% of all Europe is mountainous. The climate of most of Europe is temperate. But in the north of the territory there are glaciers, and in the Caspian lowland there is desert.

Europe is the region with the greatest cultural diversity, despite its small territory.

Eastern Europe

The European part of Eurasia, located within the borders of central and eastern Europe, is usually referred to as Eastern Europe.

Lives in this area larger number people than in other European regions, and occupies about 2/3 of Europe.

The bulk of the population are people of Slavic appearance. Due to political actions, the territory is constantly subject to change.

So, in Soviet time, the countries of the USSR were included in Eastern Europe, but after the collapse of the Soviet Union, some countries separated and began to be considered foreign.

The climate here is drier and less warm. However, the soils of this part of Europe are much more fertile than those of Western Europe. Eastern Europe has the largest amount of black soil in the world.

Eastern Europe is the closest part of the Old World to Russia in spirit and territory. The plane flight will not take more than two hours. You can even go on vacation to nearby countries while driving your own car.

Habitual climate and native language will be a pleasant bonus for those who decide to spend their holidays in Eastern European countries.

Western Europe is the territory in which all Western European countries are located. Typically, this includes countries that are connected to each other along cultural and geographical principles, and that were able to escape Soviet influence during the Cold War.

The climate in Western European countries is generally temperate, with mild winters and warm summers.

Western Europe is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Urbanization here is at 80%.

The largest agglomerations here are London and Paris.

Western Europe is considered the most popular for tourism. About 65% of tourists flock here.

In this area you can see everything: from sandy beaches to mountain landscapes. The mosaic nature of the landscapes is striking in its beauty.

The large flow of tourists has led to the formation of special tourist zones that specialize in providing tourism services to guests.

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Everyone will be able to indicate on the map exactly where Europe is located. However, setting clear boundaries turns out to be not so easy.

The geographical boundaries of Europe on the northern, western and southern sides are the coastline of the seas of the Arctic Ocean, as well as Atlantic Ocean. These are the Baltic, Northern, Irish, Mediterranean, Black, Marmara and Azov seas.

The eastern border is usually drawn along the slope of the Ural Mountains to the Caspian Sea. Some sources also include the territories of the Caucasus as Europe.

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List of countries in Europe

The number of European countries is quite extensive.

If listed in alphabetical order, the list would be as follows:

• Austria;
• Albania;
• Andorra.

• Belarus;
• Belgium;
• Bulgaria;
• Bosnia.

• Vatican;
• Great Britain;
• Hungary.

• Germany;
• Holland;
• Greece.

• Denmark.

• Ireland;
• Spain;
• Italy;
• Iceland.

• Latvia;
• Lithuania;
• Liechtenstein;
• Luxembourg.

• Malta;
• Moldova;
• Monaco.

• Norway.

• Poland;
• Portugal.

• Russia;
• Romania.

• San Morino;
• Serbia;
• Slovakia;
• Slovenia.

• Ukraine.

• Finland;

• Croatia.

• Montenegro;

• Switzerland;
• Sweden.

• Estonia.

This is a complete list of states that are European.

Number of European countries

The number of states included in Europe today is 50 .

But based on the political and economic situations occurring in the world, it cannot be said that this list will not change.

We can take as an example Soviet Union, which at one time broke up into 15 independent states. While the GDR and the Federal Republic of Germany, for example, on the contrary, united into a single whole, and today are called Germany.

These days, a difficult political situation is taking place in Spain. The Catalan part is trying to separate itself into a state independent from Spain and be called Catalonia.

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National symbols

The national symbols of countries are their flags and coats of arms. As a rule, the basis of coats of arms includes animalistic symbols. The image of a horse symbolizes speed and movement.

All European countries are familiar with the myths about the sun god, who traveled on his horse-drawn carriage.

But, for example, the elephant expresses reliability and strength. It is his image that can be found on the coat of arms of the city of Coventry in Great Britain.

The state symbols of England are the oldest of all European countries. The coat of arms, which is now official in Great Britain, originated in the 19th century.

looks like a shield:

• In the upper left and lower right corners There are three golden leopards on a red background.
• In the top right– a fiery lion located on a gold-colored background – Scottish coat of arms.
• In the lower left– a harp made of gold on a blue field – Irish symbols.

This shield is held by a golden lion with a crown in its mane and a snow-white unicorn.

The symbolism of the Scandinavian countries reveals the history of the countries of the European North. The coat of arms of Denmark has been formed over several centuries. It is a shield with a crown on top, and inside the shield there are four blue leopards in a row from top to bottom.

It is divided by a red and white cross, in the center of which is its coat of arms.

On state emblem Sweden, until the 13th century, depicted three leopards in crowns, standing on a field one after another, which was very reminiscent of the coat of arms of Denmark.

Only at the beginning of the 14th century did it appear coat of arms depicting three golden crowns, which later became a state symbol.

Primordial coat of arms of Iceland was presented in the form of a white falcon. But in 1944, a new symbolism was chosen: a shield held by a bull, a dragon, an eagle and an old man.

Main The symbol of Albania is a black eagle with two heads, which is the Albanian coat of arms.

The symbol of Bulgaria is the golden lion, located on a red shield, which is a symbol of masculinity.

Polish coat of arms appears in the shape of a white eagle, whose head is adorned with a gilded crown.

Symbol of Serbia was created during the period of unification of the lands of Serbia. It depicts an eagle with two heads and a crown.

Macedonia became independent only in the second half of the 20th century. Therefore, before this period, symbolism was represented only by territorial symbols.

Nowadays the coat of arms of Macedonia features a golden crowned lion..

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Population and area of ​​countries

The main giant by all criteria among European countries is Russia.

Its area is approximately 17 million square meters, which is almost equal to the area South America, and the population is about 146 million.

However, Russia’s entry into Europe is considered controversial, because most of it is located in Asia, and only about 22% is in Europe.

Next on the list of the largest countries in Europe by territory it is worth mentioning Ukraine. It occupies an area of ​​almost 604 thousand square meters.

The population of Ukraine is about 42 million people.

France, Spain, Sweden, Germany, Finland, Norway, Poland and Italy present a list of the 10 largest European countries. However, in terms of the number of inhabitants of these countries, after Russia comes Germany, whose number of inhabitants is about 81 million people .

The population of France is in third place in terms of size. Within its boundaries there are about 66 million people .

The most major cities In Europe, London is considered, with its population of 7 million people, Berlin - 3.5 million people, followed by Madrid, Rome, Kyiv and Paris with a population of 3 million.

Which countries are part of the European Union?

The Union of Europe was organized during the collapse of the USSR. The EU is united together for economic reasons and political views states. Most of these countries use one type of currency - the euro.

Union is international education, which includes the characteristics of a country and the characteristics of the international community, but in fact are neither one nor the other.

In some cases, decisions are made by supranational institutions, and in others through negotiations between countries that are members of the European Union.

At the very beginning of its emergence, the European Union consisted of only six countries– Belgium, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and France.

Today, thanks to joining the agreement, the number of countries within the European Union has increased to twenty-eight.

States renounce their sovereignty and in return receive protection in various institutions of the union, which act for the common interests of all participants.

The Lisbon Treaty included rules for secession from the European Union. During the entire period of action, only Greenland left the European Union - in the late 1900s.

Currently, five countries are vying for the opportunity to leave the Union. These are Albania, Macedonia, Serbia, Türkiye and Montenegro.

List of EU countries:

1. Austria;
2. Belgium;
3. Bulgaria;
4. Hungary;
5. Great Britain;
6. Greece;
7. Germany;
8. Denmark;
9. Italy;
10. Ireland;
11. Spain;
12. Republic of Cyprus;
13. Luxembourg;
14. Latvia;
15. Lithuania;
16. Malta;
17. Netherlands;
18. Portugal;
19. Poland;
20. Romania;
21. Slovenia;
22. Slovakia;
23. Finland;
24. Croatia;
25. Sweden;
26. Estonia.

Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland have not agreed to join the European Union and become member states, but they are still participating in joint economic activities.

The population of the European Union as of 2009 exceeded five hundred million people.

All over the earth European Union twenty-four languages ​​are equally used by people. But, as a rule, the most popular languages ​​in the European Union are English, German, and French.

As for religious views, according to surveys, about 18% of the population are atheists, 27% are unsure of their views and 52% confidently believe in the existence of God.