Bolshaya Dmitrovka 7 5. Glebov-Streshnevy House

To see this house, you need to turn off the front door of Bolshaya Dmitrovka and go into the courtyard. A strange house: one of the three risalits seems to have been amputated by a not very skillful surgeon, a row of false windows, the facade facing Dmitrovka is rusticated, but the rear facade also stands out with a monumental risalit in the center, as if the obverse and reverse had once changed places.

The designation of the development of this place can be found already in the 16th century, on Peter’s drawing. And in XVII the owner appears - the okolnichy Rodion Matveevich Streshnev. From him the estate on Dmitrovka passed to his son and then to his grandson. In 1734, the first reliable mention of the chambers appears, although the house may be older. Some researchers believe that the vaulted rooms in the southern wing belong to the volume of the 17th century.

In 1808, E. P. Glebova-Streshneva became the owner. Under her, a plan for the classical composition of the estate is being developed, but they do not have time to implement it, the war interferes. The main house, by that time already three-story, stands virtually in the center; two-story outbuildings with arched passages along Kamergersky are for rent. In one of them there is a playpen, rare for private houses, which Prince Kasatkin-Rostovsky rented for himself. One of the buildings of the estate is rented as a ladies' clothing store by the merchant Dominique Sichler, to whom Natalya Nikolaevna Goncharova herself went to buy hats.

According to the project of 1811, it was supposed to build wings from the north, symmetrical to the south, and move the main entrance from the alley to Dmitrovka. To do this, it was necessary to “turn around” the house, which had previously stood with its back to the street (that’s two facades). The plan was partially realized in the 20s and 30s of the 19th century. At the same time, the main house itself, which burned down in 1812, was restored. The work dragged on for almost ten years; The yard, so as not to be empty, was given to permanent conscription. During this same troublesome “repair” period, Vladimir Alekseevich Musin-Pushkin has been living in the house under police supervision for about a year.

As soon as the reconstruction is completed, the landlady moves into the main house, and the estate is immediately vacated. In 1854, the next reorganization (to improve finances) was carried out by the grandson of Elizaveta Petrovna Fyodor Petrovich. He converts some of the non-residential buildings into residential ones, builds up arched passages to increase the area; the outbuildings along the lane for the same purpose are partially built with a third floor. His apartments are rented by Mikhail Vilgelmovich Richter - doctor of medicine, director of the midwifery institute, obstetrician, and historian, archaeologist and architect, who participated in the restoration of Kremlin churches and palaces.

Since 1862, the owner became one of the richest Moscow residents and largest homeowners. He rents out his new acquisition partly to the doctor of medicine N.V. Bruse (with the right to build) and partly to the merchant Gerasim Ivanovich Khludov, an honorary citizen and collector of paintings, mainly of the Russian school. The first is adding a photo gallery to one of the houses in the courtyard, the second is more interesting to those to whom he rents out apartments.

On February 3, 1866, the Tolstoy family moved into the house. They found it necessary to remove separate apartment for the period of stay in Moscow. In her diary, Sofya Andreevna will write: “My whole life was going well, I loved everything in Moscow, even our Dmitrovka and our stuffy living room-bedroom and office, where Leva sculpted his red horse and where we used to sit together in the evenings.” The writer’s favorite Chevalier Hotel is nearby; along the side streets you can walk to the Jacob Poiret gym. On this trip, Tolstoy met Mikhail Bashilov, a relative of the Bersovs, the artist who illustrated Griboyedov’s “Woe from Wit.” Katkov also comes here to persuade Tolstoy to give the next part of “1805” to Russky Vestnik for publication (will be included in “War and Peace”). Lev Nikolaevich agrees. And on February 27, he reads here chapters of the future novel “War and Peace” to the assembled admirers.

In October 1867, the poet Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev visited his relatives. His daughter’s family rents an apartment here, and the visit is connected with Anna’s unsuccessful birth. Ivan Sergeevich Aksakov, Anna Fedorovna’s husband, publicist, public figure, publisher at this time publishes the Slavophile newspaper “Moscow”, the editorial office is located right in the apartment.

In 1883, another editorial office appeared in the house - the satirical magazine "Alarm Clock". This is a weekly publication with two thousand subscribers, for which I. I. Dmitriev, F. M. Reshetnikov, M. M. Stepanovsky, G. I. Uspensky... And Anton Pavlovich Chekhov write, and therefore visit here. Drawings for the magazine under the pseudonyms “F. Sh." and “Figne-Champagne” is made by the young, then only an assistant to the architects Kaminsky and Tersky.

The estate itself late XIX century is growing significantly. In the 70s, the third floor received the northern wing; in the early 80s, a one-story stone trade pavilion was built for a flower gallery along the red line of Dmitrovka. By 1900, the first floors of buildings in Kamergersky and Dmitrovka were entirely occupied by shops and workshops, and their owners lived on the second floors. There is also a Hamburger grocery store, his own restaurant, and a Beckman wine warehouse. In the main building, the first floors are occupied by apartments, the third is the office of the Board of the Moskvoretsky Shipping Company. The annual income from the entire property is 36 thousand rubles.

The former main house still contains residential apartments and, oddly enough, the layout of the 20s and 30s of the 19th century (two suites and two central main halls) has been preserved. The house itself is located in critical condition- this is especially obvious when viewed from the reverse side.

The Stay Inn Hostel is located a stone's throw from the Cathedral of Christ the Savior and the Multimedia Art Museum. At a distance of 250 meters from the apartments there is the Kropotkinskaya metro station. Travelers who have booked the Stay Inn Hostel will be able to take a 15-minute metro ride to the Belorussky railway station, from which the Aeroexpress train departs for Sheremetyevo International Airport. The Stay Inn Hostel is located next to the Conception Convent and the Zurab Tsereteli Art Gallery. A 5-minute walk from the apartments is Bolotny Island and the following attractions located on it: the monument “Children - Victims of the Vices of Adults”, Bolotnaya Square and the monument to Repin, the Variety Theater, the House on the Embankment Museum of Local Lore. From Bolotny Island you can quickly get to the State Tretyakov Gallery and the Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi. Booking the Stay Inn Hostel will provide accommodation within a 10-minute walk from Russian Academy Arts, Central House of Actor named after A.A. Yablochkina. Nearby are the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord on the Sands, the Vakhtangov Theater and the Memorial Apartment of A.S. Pushkin. The price of visiting exhibitions in this museum varies depending on the type of ticket. Can be purchased as a single ticket, which includes viewing of all exhibitions, its price ranges from 250 to 350 rubles; as well as a family weekend ticket, costing 350 rubles, which also provides certain benefits. In close proximity to the apartments there is the Memorial Museum-Workshop of the sculptor A.S. Golubkina, Moscow Youth Palace, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Trubetskoy Estate in Khamovniki park, square Maiden's Field with a monument to L.N. Tolstoy.

The property on which the current house is located on Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street, 7/5, building 4, can be found on Peter’s drawing, dating back to the sixteenth century. The first known owner is Rodion Matveevich Streshnev, who served as a guard and lived here in the 17th century. Then the plot was inherited by his descendants.

There is a mention of stone chambers on this site in 1734, although researchers believe that the structure was built earlier.

They decided to rebuild the buildings on the site when E.P. became the owner of the property. Glebova-Streshneva. She ordered a design for an estate, which was to be performed in a classical composition. Unfortunately, the plans were not destined to be fully realized due to the outbreak of the War of 1812.

By that time, there was already a three-story main house here. The facades of two-story outbuildings, in which arched passages were arranged, overlooked Kamergersky Lane. The premises of the outbuildings were rented out: one of them was rented by Prince Kasatkin-Rostovsky (the one in which an arena, rare for a private urban development, was built), the other was rented by Dominic Sichler, who placed a store here selling ladies' hats, which was occasionally visited by Natalya Goncharova, his wife poet Alexander Pushkin.

According to the project ordered by Glebova-Streshneva in 1811, it was planned to erect additional wings in the northern part of the property, symmetrically to the southern one at that time. The main entrance was to be arranged from the side of Bolshaya Dmitrovka, for which the façade of the main house was meant to be rebuilt according to the new orientation.

The plan began to be implemented only in the 20-30s of the nineteenth century. At the same time, the main house of the estate at the current address Bolshaya Dmitrovka, 7/5, building 4, damaged in the fire of 1812, was also restored. During the reconstruction of the property, so that the yard would not be empty, it was given over to so-called permanent conscription. During the years of the “great renovation,” one of the premises was occupied by Vladimir-Musin Pushkin, who was once a member of the Decembrist Northern Society, and after the events of 1825, was here under police supervision after a seven-month imprisonment in the famous Peter and Paul Fortress.

After all the work is completed, the legal homeowner moves into the main house, and the estate itself is immediately freed from habitation.

In 1854, a new reconstruction began. Fyodor Petrovich, the grandson of Elizaveta Petrovna, took up the reconstruction.

The new homeowner is remodeling some non-residential premises for housing, arched passages from Kamergersky Lane are being built up to increase the internal space, and the outbuildings themselves are being built with a third floor.

Such famous personalities as doctor of medicine, obstetrician Mikhail Vilgelmovich Richter, who headed the midwifery institute, as well as historian and archaeologist Alexey Alexandrovich Martynov, who was involved in the restoration of churches and palaces of the Moscow Kremlin, settled in the new apartments.

In 1862, the owner of the house at Bolshaya Dmitrovka, 7/5, building 4 changed. It became one of the largest Moscow homeowners, Ivan Pavlovich Shablykin. Immediately after the acquisition, he rents out the premises to Dr. N.V. Brousse and the merchant Gerasim Khludov. The first, according to the agreement, is adding a floor in one of the houses to set up a photo gallery, the second is subletting the premises.

In February 1866, one of Khludov’s apartments was rented by the family of the writer Leo Tolstoy for the period of their stay in the capital. It was during that period that Lev Nikolaevich met Mikhail Bashilov, the illustrator of the work “Woe from Wit” by Griboyedov.

The editor of the Russian Messenger, Katkov, also visited the writer and asked Tolstoy to publish the next part of the passage “1805,” which was later included in the novel War and Peace. It is interesting that the first chapters of this work were read to the public in this apartment that same year on February 27.

In 1867, the poet Fyodor Tyutchev came to visit his daughter Anna. The reason for the visit was her unsuccessful birth.

In 1883, in one of the premises of the house on Bolshaya Dmitrovka, 7/5, building 4, the editorial office of a popular satirical magazine called “Alarm Clock” began work. Such famous writers as I.I. wrote for two thousand subscribers. Dmitriev, M.M. Stepanovsky, G.I. Uspensky, F.M. Reshetnikov, as well as A.P. Chekhov. , a famous future architect, drew cartoons for the pages of the weekly magazine. All of these people often visited the publishing house’s rooms.

At the end of the 19th century, the former estate of the Glebov-Streshnevs began to grow. In the 70s of the nineteenth century, the northern wing was built on the third floor. In the next decade, a one-story shopping pavilion was built along the red line of Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street, in which a flower gallery was set up.

By 1900, almost all of the first floors of the estate complex on the side of Bolshaya Dmitrovka and Kamergersky Lane were occupied by shops and workshops (among them a gastronomic store and a Hamburger restaurant, a warehouse for Beckman's elite wines). Above them, on the second floors, the owners of these establishments rent apartments.