Quotes for the Unified State Examination in Russian. Quotes from books to prepare for the exam in literature. Distribution of quotes by topic for the exam in the Unified State Exam format in the Russian language

Quotes from Russian classics about Russian language and literature.

Russian language! For millennia, the people created this flexible, lush, inexhaustibly rich, intelligent poetic... instrument of their social life, their thoughts, their feelings, their hopes, their anger, their great future... In a wondrous script, the people wove the invisible network of the Russian language: bright as a rainbow after the spring rain, accurate as arrows, sincere as a song over the cradle, melodious... A dense world to which he cast the magic net of the word and submitted to it like a bridled horse.
A.N. Tolstoy

There are no sounds, colors, images and thoughts - complex and simple - for which there would not be an exact expression in our language.
... You can do wonders with the Russian language!
K.G.Paustovsky

The Russian language is inexhaustibly rich, and everything is enriched with amazing speed.
Maksim Gorky

The Russian language is a language created for poetry; it is extremely rich and remarkable mainly for the subtlety of its shades.
P. Merimee

Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language is a treasure, this is an asset passed on to us by our predecessors! Handle this powerful tool with respect; in skillful hands it is capable of performing miracles.
I.S. Turgenev

It's not bitter to be left homeless, -

Great Russian word.

And we’ll give you grandchildren, and we’ll save you from captivity,
Forever.
A.A.Akhmatova

May there be honor and glory to our language, which in its very native richness, almost without any foreign admixture, flows like a proud majestic river - it makes noise and thunders - and suddenly, if necessary, softens, gurgles like a gentle brook and sweetly pours into the soul, forming everything measures that consist only
in the fall and rise of the human voice!
Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin True love for one's country is unthinkable without love for one's language.
Our beautiful language, from the pen of unlearned and unskilled writers,
is rapidly heading towards a fall. Words are distorted. Grammar fluctuates.
Spelling, this heraldry of the language, changes at the will of one and all.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin You marvel at the preciousness of our language: every sound is a gift: everything is grainy, large, like the pearl itself, and, truly, another name is even more precious than the thing itself.
Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol In days of doubt, in days of painful thoughts about the fate of my homeland, you alone are my support and support, oh great, powerful, truthful and free Russian language! Without you, how can one not fall into despair at the sight of everything that is happening at home?
But one cannot believe that such a language was not given to a great people!
Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev Pushkin also spoke about punctuation marks. They exist to highlight a thought, bring words into the correct relationship, and give a phrase ease and proper sound. Punctuation marks are like musical notations.
They hold the text firmly and do not allow it to crumble.
Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky Language is the history of the people. Language is the path of civilization and culture. That is why learning and preserving the Russian language is not an idle hobby
out of nothing to do, but an urgent need.
Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin Use a foreign word when there is an equivalent Russian word,
- means to insult both common sense and common taste.
The Russian language in skillful hands and experienced lips is beautiful, melodious, expressive, flexible, obedient, dexterous and capacious.
Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin Language is a ford across the river of time, it leads us to the home of the departed;
but no one who is afraid of deep water will be able to come there.
Vladislav Markovich Illich-Svitych Only by mastering the original material as perfectly as possible, that is, native language, we will be able to be as perfect as possible
learn a foreign language, but not before.
Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky Ugly, dissonant words should be avoided. I don’t like words with a lot of hissing and whistling sounds, so I avoid them.
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov

The word of a Briton will echo with heartfelt knowledge and wise knowledge of life; The short-lived word of the Frenchman will flash and scatter like a light dandy; the German will intricately come up with his own clever and thin word, which is not accessible to everyone; but there is no word that would be so sweeping, lively, so bursting out from under the very heart, so seething and vibrantly trembling, like a well-spoken Russian word.
Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol

The language that the Russian state commands over a great part of the world, due to its power, has natural abundance, beauty and strength, which is not inferior to any European language. And there is no doubt that the Russian word could not be brought to such perfection as we are surprised at in others.
Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov

Our Russian language, more than all the new ones, is perhaps capable of approaching the classical languages ​​in its richness, strength, freedom of arrangement, and abundance of forms.
Nikolai Alexandrovich Dobrolyubov

That Russian is one of the richest languages in the world,
there is no doubt about it.
Vissarion Grigorievich Belinsky

Beauty, majesty, strength and wealth Russian language This is quite clear from books written in past centuries, when our ancestors not only did not know any rules for writing, but they hardly even thought that they existed or could exist.
Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov

The main character of our language lies in the extreme ease with which everything is expressed in it - abstract thoughts, internal lyrical feelings, “the scurrying of life,” a cry of indignation, sparkling prank and amazing passion.
Alexander Ivanovich Herzen

Nothing is so ordinary for us, nothing seems so simple as our speech, but in our very being there is nothing as surprising, as wonderful as our speech.
Alexander Nikolaevich Radishchev

Among the magnificent qualities of our language, there is one that is absolutely amazing and hardly noticeable. It lies in the fact that its sound is so diverse that it contains the sound of almost all the languages ​​of the world.
Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky

The Russian language opens up to the end in its truly magical properties and wealth only to those who deeply love and know their people “to the bone”
and feels the hidden beauty of our land.
Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky

There is one significant fact: we are still on our
in an unsettled and young language we can convey
the deepest forms of spirit and thought of European languages.
Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky

The natural wealth of the Russian language and speech is so great that without further ado, listening to time with your heart, in close communication with a simple person and with a volume of Pushkin in your pocket you can become an excellent writer.
Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin

The Russian language, as far as I can judge of it, is the richest of all European dialects and seems deliberately created to express the subtlest shades. Gifted with wonderful conciseness, combined with clarity, he is content with one word to convey thoughts when another language would require whole phrases for this.
Prosper Merimee

Our speech is predominantly aphoristic,
It is distinguished by its compactness and strength.
Maksim Gorky

The Russian language is inexhaustibly rich and everything is being enriched with amazing speed.
Maksim Gorky

Perception of other people's words, and especially without necessity,
there is not enrichment, but corruption of the language.
Alexander Petrovich Sumarokov

I do not consider foreign words good and suitable if only they can be replaced by purely Russian or more Russified ones.
We must protect our rich and beautiful language from damage.
Nikolai Semenovich Leskov

There is no doubt that there is a desire to dazzle Russian speech in foreign words without need, without sufficient reason, contrary to common sense and common taste; but it does not harm the Russian language or Russian literature, but only those who are obsessed with it.
Vissarion Grigorievich Belinsky

Our native language should be the main basis of our general education
and education of each of us.
Petr Andreevich Vyazemsky

We must love and preserve those examples of the Russian language,
which we inherited from first-class masters.
Dmitry Andreevich Furmanov

Language is important for a patriot.
Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin

By the attitude of each person to his language, one can accurately judge not only his cultural level, but also his civic value.
Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky

Language is the history of a people. Language is the path of civilization and culture...
That is why studying and preserving the Russian language is not an idle activity because there is nothing to do, but an urgent necessity.
Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin

Knowledge of Russian language, - language, which fully deserves study both in itself, because it is one of the strongest and richest living languages, and for the sake of the literature it reveals, is now not such a rarity.
Friedrich Engels

The heavenly beauty of our language will never be trampled upon by cattle.
Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov

As a material for literature, the Slavic-Russian language has an undeniable superiority over all European ones.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin

To handle the language somehow means to think somehow:
approximately, inaccurately, incorrectly.
Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy

Language is an image of everything that existed, exists and will exist - everything that the human mental eye can embrace and comprehend.
Alexey Fedorovich Merzlyakov

Language is the confession of the people, His soul and way of life are native.
Petr Andreevich Vyazemsky

The Slavic-Russian language, according to the testimony of foreign aesthetes themselves, is not inferior to Latin either in courage, Greek or fluency, and surpasses all European languages: Italian, Spanish and French, not to mention German.
Gabriel Romanovich Derzhavin

What is language? First of all, it is not only a way to express your thoughts, but also to create your thoughts. Language has the opposite effect.
A person who turns his thoughts, his ideas, his feelings into language...
it also seems to be permeated by this way of expression.
Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy

It's not scary to lie dead under bullets,
It's not bitter to be homeless,
And we will save you, Russian speech,
The Great Russian Word.
We will carry you free and clean,
We will give it to our grandchildren and save us from captivity
Forever.
Anna Andreevna Akhmatova

But what disgusting bureaucratic language! Based on that situation... on the one hand... on the other hand - and all this without any need. “Nevertheless” and “to the extent that” the officials composed. I read and spit.
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov

Follow the rule persistently: so that words are cramped and thoughts are spacious.
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov

There is nothing sedimentary or crystalline in the Russian language;
everything excites, breathes, lives.
Alexey Stepanovich Khomyakov

The greatest wealth of a people is its language! They accumulate for thousands of years and live forever in the word. countless treasures human thought and experience.
Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov

The Russian language is inexhaustibly rich, and everything is being enriched with amazing speed.
Maksim Gorky

The richer the language is in expressions and turns of phrase, the better for a skilled writer.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin

Beware of refined language. The language should be simple and elegant.
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov

Tongue and gold are our dagger and poison.
Mikhail Yurjevich Lermontov

The language of the people is the best, never fading and forever
the newly blossoming flower of his entire spiritual life.
Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky

The Russian language is quite rich, however, it has its drawbacks, and one of them is hissing sound combinations: -vsha, -vshi, -vshu, -shcha, -shchi. On the first page of your story, “lice” crawls into large quantities: worked, spoke, arrived.
It is quite possible to do without insects.
Maksim Gorky

Charles V, the Roman Emperor, used to say that Spanish It is decent to speak with God, French - with friends, German - with the enemy, Italian - with the female sex. But if he knew Russian, then of course he would have added that it is decent for them to speak to everyone, because... I would find in it the splendor of Spanish, and the liveliness of French, and the strength of German, and the tenderness of Italian, and the richness and strong figurativeness of Latin and Greek.
Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov

No matter what you say, your native language will always remain native. When you want to speak to your heart’s content, not a single French word comes to mind, but if you want to shine, then it’s a different matter.
Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy

1. “Woe from Wit” A.S. Griboyedov
   • “after all, nowadays they love the dumb” (Chatsky about Molchalin)
   • “I’d be glad to serve, but it’s sickening to be served” (Chatsky to Famusov)
   • “What will Princess Marya Aleksevna say?” (end)
   • “Happy hours don’t watch” (Sofia)
   • “He’s out of his mind” (Sofia about Chatsky)
   • “You don’t need another example when your father’s example is in your eyes” (Sofya Famusov)
   • “Whoever is poor is not a match for you” (Sofya Famusov)
   • "At my age one should not dare
   • Have your own judgment” (Molchalin’s spinelessness and servility)
   • “to please all people without exception” (Father’s Testament to Molchalin)
   • “The houses are new, but the prejudices are old” (Chatsky)
   • “learning is a plague” (Famusov)
   • “a mind hungry for knowledge” (Chatsky)
   • “a striking picture of morals” (Pushkin)
2. “Minor” D.I. Fonvizin
   • “I don’t want to study, I want to get married” (Mitrofan)
   • “These are the fruits worthy of evil!” (Starodum at the end)
   • “People live and have lived without science” (Prostakova)
   • “Science in a corrupt person is a fierce weapon to do evil” (Starodum)
   • “Well, just say the word, you old bastard!” (Mitrofan to the nanny)
3. « Captain's daughter» A.S. Pushkin
   • “with a tight grip” (Grinev’s father to his colleague)
   • “to have mercy, so to have mercy” (Pugachev)
   • “Take care of your honor from a young age” (epigraph, father’s testament to Grinev)
   • “God forbid we see a Russian revolt, senseless and merciless!”
   • Shvabrin describes Masha Grineva as “a complete fool”
   • “Just don’t demand what is contrary to my honor and Christian conscience” - Grinev to Pugachev.
4. “Eugene Onegin” A.S. Pushkin
   • “Wild, sad, silent, fearful as a forest deer”
   • Forgive me: I love my dear Tatyana so much! (author)
   • “I liked his features” (Pushkin about Onegin)
   • “The world decided that he is smart and very nice” (about Onegin, secular society is narrow in views, petty, low)
   • “Isn’t he a parody?” (Tatiana about Onegin)
   • Poetry and prose, ice and fire
   • Not so different from each other. (Onegin and Lensky)
   • “Dear at heart he was ignorant” (Lensky)
   • “How wrong I was, how I was punished!” (Onegin's letter)
   • "Encyclopedia of Russian Life" (about the novel)
5. “Hero of Our Time” M.Yu. Lermontov
   • “After all, there are, really, such people who have it written in their nature that various extraordinary things should happen to them.” (M. Maksimych about Pechorin)
   • "the love of a savage to few better than love noble lady" (Pechorin about Bel)
   • “Whatever you want...” (Pechorin answers Maxim Maksimych at the meeting)
   • "honest" smugglers
   • "water" society
   • "skeptic and materialist" (Werner)
   • “Of two friends, one is always the slave of the other” (Pechorin about friendship)
   • “With the possibility of losing her forever, Faith became dearer to me than anything in the world” (P. about Faith)
   • “No one can be as truly unhappy as you, because no one tries so hard to convince themselves otherwise.” (Vera about P.)
   • “I like to doubt everything” (P. Chapter “Fatalist”)
   • lives “out of curiosity” (P)
   • "moral cripple" (P)
   • V. Belinsky said about Pechorin: “This is the Onegin of our time”
   • Before the duel with Grushnitsky, Pechorin reflects: “Why did I live? For what purpose was I born?
   • “Really, I thought, my only purpose on earth is to destroy other people’s hopes?” (Pechorin)
   • “A hero of our time is a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation in their full development” (Lermontov)
6. "Mtsyri" M.Yu. Lermontov
   • "You want to know what I did
   • Free? Lived..."
   • Mtsyri finds himself in a “wonderful world of anxiety and battles”
   • V.G. Belinsky. “What a fiery soul, what a mighty spirit”
   • The ideal environment for Mtsyri is “where people are as free as eagles”
   • "I couldn't tell anyone
   • The sacred words "father" and "mother".
7. “The Inspector” N.V. Gogol
   • “After all, you live to pick flowers of pleasure” (position of Ivan Khlestakov)
   • Trustee of charitable institutions Strawberry “A simple man: if he dies, then he will die, and if he recovers, then he will recover.”
   • “The only positive hero of my comedy is laughter,” Gogol admitted
   • On friendly terms with Pushkin. (Khlestakov lies)
   • I tell everyone openly that I take bribes, but with what bribes? Greyhound puppies. (judge Ammos Fedorovich Lyapkin-Tyapkin)
8. "Overcoat" N.V. Gogol
   • “Leave me, why are you hurting me?”
   • he served zealously - no, he served with love.
9. “Dead Souls” N.V. Gogol
   • "Knight of the Void" (Manilov)
   • looks “like a medium-sized bear” (Sobakevich)
   • every object, every chair seemed to say: “And I, too, Sobakevich!” (Sobakevich's interior)
   • the house looked like a “decrepit invalid” (at Plyushkin’s)
   • “a hole in humanity” (Plyushkin)
   • “And to what insignificance, pettiness, disgusting man could stoop! Could have changed so much!” (author's thoughts about Pl.)
   • "Eh, troika! bird troika, who invented you? (lyric indentation)
10. “Fathers and Sons” by I.S. Turgenev
    • “One human specimen is enough to judge all others” (Bazarov)
    • Bazarov “A decent chemist is 20 times more useful than any poet”
    • “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it”
    • I don’t share anyone’s opinions; I have mine. (Bazarov)
    • “Such a rich body! At least now to the anatomical theater! - Bazarov about Odintsova (cynicism)
    • “Know that I love you stupidly, madly...” (Bazarov’s confession)
    • Before the death of Bazarov Odintsova: “Blow on the dying lamp and let it go out”
    • D. Pisarev “To die the way Bazarov died is the same as to accomplish a feat”
    • “He’s predatory, and you and I are tame” (Katya says to Arkady)
11. “Crime and Punishment” by F.M. Dostoevsky
    • “Blood can be shed according to conscience” (Split position)
    • “Material that serves solely for the generation of its own kind.” (ordinary people)
    • “Those who have the gift or talent to say a new word among themselves.” (extraordinary people)
    • “Trembling creatures” are ordinary people, “those with the right” are extraordinary people.
    • “Love yourself first of all, for everything in the world is based on personal interest” - Pyotr Luzhin.
    • “Everything is allowed to a person” - Arkady Svidrigailov
    • “Brains from the same feather” - Svidrigailov to Raskolnikov
    • “This man is a louse!.. Do you have the right to kill?” (Sonya)
12. “Thunderstorm” by A.N. Ostrovsky
    • He gives money to the poor, but completely eats up his family” (Kuligin about Kabanikha)
    • Why do people don't fly like birds? (Katerina)
    • Yes, he was hateful to me, hateful, his caress is worse to me than beatings. (Cat.)
    • If I wasn’t afraid of sin for you, will I be afraid of human judgment?” (Katerina about her love for Boris)
    • “Mama, you ruined her!” (Tikhon after the death of K.)
    • “Do whatever you want, as long as it’s safe and covered” (Varvara to Katerina)
13. “War and Peace” L.N. Tolstoy
    • Never, never marry, my friend (Balk. To Pierre)
    • “...Father, wife, sister are the people dearest to me... I will give them all now for a moment of glory, triumph over people” (A. Bolkonsky)
    • “How quiet, calm and solemn... everything is empty, everything is deception, except this endless sky” (Austerlitz sky. A.B.)
    • No, life is not over at 31 (the episode with the oak tree)
    • Love is God, and to die means for me, a particle of love, to return to the common and eternal source.
    • If everyone fought only according to their convictions, there would be no war...
    • And of all the people, I have never loved or hated anyone more than her. (B. about Natasha)
    • You have to live, you have to love, you have to believe... (Pierre)
    • “an event contrary to human reason and all human nature” (author about the war)
    • The Tushin battery was forgotten...
    • "club of the people's war" (Tikhon Shcherbaty)
    • I am tormented only by the evil that I did to him. Just tell him that I ask him to forgive, forgive, forgive me for everything...
    • There is no greatness where there is no simplicity, goodness and truth.
14. "Oblomov" I.A. Goncharov
    • - Well, stop lying down! - he said, - you have to get up... But by the way, let me read the headman’s letter with attention again, and then I’ll get up.
    • - How clean you are everywhere: dust, dirt, my God! Look there, look in the corners - you’re not doing anything!
    • “Do you understand,” said Ilya Ilyich, “that moths start from dust?” Sometimes I even see a bug on the wall!
    • - Only about money and care! - Ilya Ilyich grumbled. - Why don’t you submit your bills little by little, and all of a sudden?
    • - Someone has already come! - said Oblomov, wrapping himself in a robe. - And I haven’t gotten up yet - it’s a shame and that’s all! Who would it be so early?
15. “Old Woman Izergil” M. Gorky
    • Beautiful people are always brave.
    • Health is also gold.
    • Those who do not know how to live would go to bed. Those for whom life is sweet, here they sing.
    • And I see that people don’t live, but everyone tries it on and puts their whole lives on it... Everyone is their own destiny!
    • If you do nothing, nothing will happen to you.
16. “At the Bottom” by M. Gorky
    • My body is poisoned by alcohol... (Actor)
    • It turns out that no matter how you paint yourself on the outside, everything will be erased...
    • Kindness is above all blessings.
    • When work is a duty, life is slavery! (Satin)
    • What is conscience for? I'm not rich... (Bubnov)
    • We are all strangers on earth... (Luke)
    • All people on earth are superfluous... (Bubnov)
    • A person can do anything... if only he wants to... (Luke)
    • Death - it calms everything down... it is gentle for us... (Luke)
    • You can't go anywhere in the carriage of the past. (Satin)
    • We must respect the person! Don’t feel sorry... don’t humiliate him with pity... you need to respect him. (Satin)
    • Lies are the religion of slaves and masters... Truth is the god of a free man! (Satin)
17. « Quiet Don» M. Sholokhov
    • Late woman's love blooms not with an azure scarlet color, but with a dog's furious, roadside drunkenness.
    • In a time of turmoil and debauchery
    • Don't judge your brother, brothers.
    • You have a smart head, but the fool got it.
    • A woman's heart is susceptible to pity and affection.
    • In essence, a person needs very little to be happy.
    • Life will force you to figure it out, and not only force you, but also forcefully push you to one side.
    • In life, it doesn’t happen that everyone lives equally.
18. "Master and Margarita" M.A. Bulgakov
    • I'm broken, I'm bored, and I want to go to the basement.
    • I'll tell you a fairy tale. There was only one aunt in the world. And she had no children and no happiness at all. And so at first she cried for a long time, and then she became angry.
    • WITH yellow flowers I went out so that you could finally find me...
    • People are like people. They love money, but that’s always been the case...
    • A brick will never fall on anyone's head for no reason at all.
    • Well, the one who loves must share the fate of the one he loves.
    • It is easy and pleasant to speak the truth.
    • Housekeepers know everything - it is a mistake to think that they are blind.
    • History will judge us - Koroviev
19. "Matrenin's Dvor" by A. Solzhenitsyn
    • “Those people always have good faces who are at peace with their conscience.”
    • “Peat product? Ah, Turgenev didn’t know that it was possible to compose something like this in Russian!”
    • “What a damn manner - not to explain anything to an unofficial person”
20. “The Cherry Orchard” by A.P. Chekhov
    • If there is anything interesting, even wonderful, in the entire province, it is only our cherry orchard.
    • Oh my darling, my tender one, beautiful garden!.. My life, my youth, my happiness, goodbye!..
    • I am a developed person, I read various wonderful books, but I just can’t understand the direction of what I actually want, whether I should live or shoot myself. (Epikhodov)
    • The only remarkable thing about this garden is that it is very large. Cherries are born once every two years, and there’s nowhere to put them, no one buys them. (Lopakhin)

Quotes on topics on the Unified State Exam in Russian

Distribution of quotes by topic for the exam in the Unified State Exam format in the Russian language

1. The connection between grammar and vocabulary in the Russian language

Test 1
"Language has: words. Language has: grammar. These are the ways that language uses to construct sentences."

Lev Vasilievich Uspensky

Test 2
“Vocabulary alone without grammar does not constitute a language. Only when it comes to the disposal of grammar does it acquire the greatest meaning.”

Lev Vasilievich Uspensky

Test 5
“A thought forms itself without concealment, in its entirety; that is why it easily finds a clear expression for itself. And syntax, grammar, and punctuation willingly obey it.”

Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin

Test 9
“Grammar allows us to connect any words with each other to express any thought about any subject.”

Lev Vasilievich Uspensky

Test 13
“Having both lexical and grammatical meaning, a word is capable of combining with other words and being included in a sentence.”

Iraida Ivanovna Postnikova

Test 23
“A literary text forces you to pay attention not only and not so much to what is said, but also to how it is said.”

E. V. Dzhandzhakova

Test 25
“The rules of syntax determine the logical relationships between words, and the composition of the lexicon corresponds to the knowledge of the people and indicates their way of life.”

Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky

Test 26
“The most amazing thing is that a master writer can, taking ordinary, well-known words, show how many shades of meaning are hidden and revealed in his thoughts and feelings.”

Ilya Naumovich Gorelov

Test 27
“I realized that a person can know a great variety of words, can write them completely correctly and also correctly combine them in a sentence. Grammar teaches us all this.”

Mikhail Vasilievich Isakovsky

Test 28
“Language is like a multi-story building. Its floors are units: sound, morpheme, word, phrase, sentence: And each of them takes its place in the system, each does its job.”

Mikhail Viktorovich Panov

Test 29
"The Russian language: rich in verbs and nouns, diverse in forms expressing shades of feelings and thoughts."

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy

Test 30
“The vocabulary of a language shows what people think, but the grammar shows how they think.”

Georgy Vladimirovich Stepanov

Test 31
“Language is something through which we express ourselves and things.”

Paul Ricoeur

Test 35
"The Russian language: has all the means to express the most subtle sensations and shades of thought."

Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko

2. Vocabulary

Test 7
“There are no sounds, colors, images and thoughts for which there would not be an exact expression in our language.”

Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky

Test 11
"Giving imagery to words is constantly being improved in modern speech through epithets."

A. A. Zelenetsky

Test 32
“Phraseological units are constant companions of our speech. We often use them in everyday speech, sometimes without even noticing, because many of them are familiar and familiar from childhood.”

From a Russian language textbook

3.Syntax

Test 15
"What is it about language that allows it to do this? main role- communication function? This is the syntax."

Test 16
"Punctuation marks have their specific purpose in writing. Like every note, a punctuation mark has its own specific place in the writing system and has its own unique “character.”

Svetlana Ivanovna Lvova

Test 19
“An oral phrase transferred to paper always undergoes some processing, at least in terms of syntax.”

Boris Viktorovich Shergin

Test 20
“The ability of a word to connect with other words is manifested in the phrase.”

Iraida Ivanovna Postnikova

4. The richness of Russian speech, precision of words, etc.

Test 3
“Precision of the word is not only a requirement of style, a requirement of taste, but, above all, a requirement of meaning.”

Konstantin Aleksandrovich Fedin

Test 8
“We must approach the assessment of the merits of speech with the question: how successfully are various linguistic units selected from the language and used to express thoughts and feelings?”

Boris Nikolaevich Golovin

Test 10
"Language is not just talk, speech: language is the image of everything inner man, all strength, mental and moral."

Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov

Test 12
"The reader penetrates into the world of images work of art through his speech tissue."

Margarita Nikolaevna Kozhina

Test 18
“Expressiveness is the ability of what is said or written to attract special attention of the reader through its semantic form and make a strong impression on him.”

Alexander Ivanovich Gorshkov

Test 21
“With language a person not only expresses something, he also expresses himself with it.”

Georg von Gabelenz

Test 22
"The surest way to know a person is to mental development, his moral character, his character - listen to how he speaks."

Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev

Test 24
“An artist thinks in images, he draws, shows, depicts. This is the specificity of the language of fiction.”

Georgy Yakovlevich Solganik

Test 33
"Language is what a person knows. Speech is what a person can do."

5. Topics that stand apart

Test 4
“The similarity between the conditional and imperative moods is that both of them: express not a real event, but an ideal one, that is, imagined to exist only in the thoughts of the speaker.”

Alexander Afanasyevich Potebnya

Test 6
“By making the characters talk to each other, instead of conveying their conversation from himself, the author can add appropriate shades to such dialogue. He characterizes his heroes by the theme and manner of speech.”

Literary encyclopedia

Test 14
“Pronominal words are secondary words, substitute words. The golden fund for pronouns are significant words, without which the existence of pronouns is “devalued.”

Alexander Alexandrovich Reformatsky

Test 34
"Some scientists even propose to distinguish two languages ​​- oral and written, so great are the differences between oral and written speech."

Andrey Alexandrovich Miroshnichenko

Test 36
“The functions of a paragraph are closely related to the functional and stylistic affiliation of the text; at the same time, they also reflect the individual author’s peculiarities of text design.”

Nina Sergeevna Valgina

The final essay is “K5. Originality of the composition." To score on this criterion, it is necessary to demonstrate a creative, non-standard approach to the disclosure of the topic (the essay should contain interesting thoughts, or unexpected and at the same time convincing arguments, or fresh observations, etc.) or brightness of style. One way to get credit for this criterion is to use epigraph with quote on a given topic.

We have prepared collection of quotes for the final essay 2015/16 school year . The collection contains quotes in the areas of “Time”, “Home”, “Love”, “Path”, “Year of Literature”.

Here are some quotes from the collection:

BLOCK "TIME"

Take care of time: it is the fabric of which life is made. (S. Richardson)
You don't choose times... (A. Kushner)
Time is a tyrant that has its own whims and that every century looks at what they do and say with different eyes. (I. Goethe)
Time often kills those who try to kill it. (P. Buast)
Even the richest man cannot buy back his past. (O. Wilde)
Better late than never. (T. Livy)
True love is not the kind that can withstand long years of separation, but the kind that can withstand long years of intimacy. (Helen Rowland)
Don't put off until tomorrow what you can do today. (B. Franklin)
Happy people They count time in minutes, while for the unfortunate it lasts for months. (James Fenimore Cooper, American writer)
A child's hour is longer than an old man's day. (A. Schopenhauer)

BLOCK "HOUSE"

Most homebodies are among those who do not have their own corner. (Leszek Kumor)
Home is not a place where you live, but a place where you are understood. (Christian Morgenstern)
Home is where your heart. (Pliny the Elder)
A man's home is his fortress, but only from the outside. Inside, this is most often a children's room. (Claire Luce)
A home is a place where a woman works in the absence of a man, and a man rests in the presence of a woman. (Author unknown)
Love our land as your parents. (V.R. Stepanyan)
We did not inherit the Earth from our parents, but borrowed it from our children. (Franz Mayer)
Our homes are a mirror reflection of ourselves. (D. Lynn, founder International Institute shower training)
There is no place sweeter than home. (Cicero)
Happy is he who is happy at home. (Lev Tolstoy)

BLOCK "LOVE"

It’s even nice to be sick when you know that there are people who are waiting for your recovery, like a holiday. (A.P. Chekhov)
There is no sight in the world more beautiful than the face of your beloved, and no music sweeter than the sound of your beloved voice. (J. Labruyère)
I love, and that means I live... (V.S. Vysotsky)
The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. (Peter de Vries)
He who does not love nature does not love man, is not a citizen. (F.M. Dostoevsky)
If you love what you do, it’s not a job, it’s an exciting journey towards a dream... (Confucius)
True love purifies and elevates every person, completely transforming him. (N.G. Chernyshevsky)
There is no force in the world more powerful than love. (I. Stravinsky)
Love for the homeland begins with family. (Francis Bacon)
A person cannot live without a homeland, just as a person cannot live without a heart. (K.G. Paustovsky)

BLOCK "PATH"

In life, it’s like on the road: the shortest road is usually the dirtiest, and the long one is not much cleaner. (F. Bacon)
It's not about the road we choose; it is what is within us that makes us choose the path. (O.Henry)
In order for a person to live his life well, he needs to know what he should and should not do. (L.N. Tolstoy)
He who hobbles along a straight road will outpace a runner who has lost his way. (Francis Bacon)
There is no path to happiness: happiness is the path. (Wayne Dyer)
The path is a kind of anchor of salvation thrown to a person in a raging ocean of elements and chaos. (N.D. Arutyunov)
Following the path of goodness is the most acceptable and only path for a person. (D.S. Likhachev)
Follow your path and let people say whatever they want. (Dante Alighieri)
Each of us has only one true calling - to find the path to ourselves. (Herman Hesse)
Man can make the path great, but it is the path that makes man great. (Confucius)

BLOCK “YEAR OF LITERATURE”

Conversing with writers from other centuries is almost like traveling. (Rene Descartes)
Time passes, but the spoken word remains. (L.N. Tolstoy)
A book is a vessel that fills us, but does not empty itself. (A. Decourcel)
The book is always more life. All less than a book– life, universe, sun. Even the man himself. (A.V. Etoev)
Literature has been removed from the laws of decay. She alone does not recognize death. (M. Saltykov-Shchedrin)
To love reading is to exchange hours of boredom, inevitable in life, for hours of great pleasure. (Montesquieu)
People stop thinking when they stop reading. (D. Diderot)
A person’s morality is visible in his attitude to words (L.N. Tolstoy)
Previously, eternal thoughts were written with goose feathers, but now goose thoughts are written with eternal feathers. (V. Soloukhin)
The page of a book is a huge screen that the best TV never dreamed of! (S. Lvov)

Quotes from prose.

Zhukovsky "Svetlana"

Beginning of the ballad

« Once on Epiphany evening

The girls wondered:

A shoe behind the gate

They took it off their feet and threw it..."

“Our best friend in this life

Faith in Providence»

Fonvizin "Nedorosl"

Starodum " In the great world there are small souls."

“It is unlawful to humiliate one’s own kind through slavery»

Prostakov

« Guilty without guilt"

“without science people live and have lived”, “learning is nonsense”, the main thing is “to be able to acquire and maintain enough" - the philosophy of the ignorant nobility

« I've been studying for four years now" - about Mitrofanushka (the pointlessness of his training)

Eremeevna receives " five rubles a year, and five slaps a day»

Prostakova " Doesn't a nobleman have the right to beat a servant whenever he wants?»

Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"

Contemporaries about comedy:

Pushkin " There is a lot of intelligence and humor in the poems,” “a striking picture of morals»

Katenin " The darkness of mind and salt»

Sophia " Happy hours don't watch»

« He has a screw loose"(about Chatsky) - the first to spread the rumor.

Famusov " My custom is this:

Signed, off your shoulders"

“There is no need for another model,

When your father's example is in your eyes"(Sofya)

« He who is poor is not a match for you"(Sofya)

« What will Princess Marya Aleksevna say?"(the phrase ends the comedy, Famusov’s dependence on other people’s opinions)

Molchalin: “ At my age you shouldn't dare

Have your own judgment"(spinelessness and servility)

Father's testament to Molchalin - “ please all people without exception»

« Evil tongues are worse than a gun»

Chatsky " Ranks are given by people,

And people can be deceived»

« The houses are new, but the prejudices are old."

“And the smoke of the Fatherland is sweet and pleasant to us...”

“I’d be glad to serve, but it’s sickening to be served”

“Silent people are blissful in the world!”

“But in fact, he will reach the famous levels

After all, nowadays they love the dumb.”(about Molchalin)

Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

« Take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age" - epigraph, father's testament to Grinev

« I came to ask for mercy, not justice." - Masha Mironova to Catherine II

Shvabrin describes Masha Grineva “ a complete fool»

« Just don’t demand what is contrary to my honor and Christian conscience" - Grinev to Pugachev.

"Eugene Onegin"

« Are you really in love with the smaller one?

-And what? - “I would choose another,

If only I were like you, a poet"

“Always modest, always obedient,

Always cheerful like the morning,

How a poet's life is simple-minded,

How sweet is love's kiss"(Olga )

“He traveled the world with a lyre:

Under the sky of Schiller and Goethe

Their poetic fire

The soul ignited in him"(Lensky)

« Not your sister's beauty,

nor her rosy beauty,

She wouldn't attract anyone's attention" (Tatiana )

« Dick, sad, silent,

Like a forest deer is timid,

She is in her own family

Seemed like a stranger to the girl"(Tatiana )

“I love you (why lie?),

But I was given to another;

I will be faithful to him forever"(last thing Tatiana's explanation with Onegin)

« They kept life peaceful

Habits of a dear old man"(traditions in the Larin family, which partly explain Tatyana’s passion for mysticism, fortune telling, and her love of nature)

« What do you want more?

The light has decided

That he is smart and very nice"(about Onegin, secular society is narrow in views, petty, low)

« Isn't he a parody?"(Tatiana about Onegin)

« With your mind to be a petty slave of feelings?(Tatyana to Onegin, question about Tatiana’s doubts about Evgeniy’s love for her)

The compositional feature of the novel is an open ending, the author leaves Onegin after the explanation with Tatyana

« And here, my hero,

In a moment that is evil for him,

Reader, we will now leave,

For a long time, forever»

Subject of comparison	Onegin
Theater	For Onegin, the theater is a place where one can show oneself and admire unknown ladies through a lorgnette with impunity.
Nature	Nature puts Onegin to sleep.
Love	For Onegin, love is “the science of tender passion”, a prerequisite for which is the ability to “be a hypocrite, to conceal hope, to be jealous, to dissuade, to make one believe, to appear gloomy, to languish”
Creation	Onegin is deprived of the ability and opportunity to express himself in creativity “hard work, he was sick; nothing / came out of his pen"

Poem " Bronze Horseman»

« On the shore of desert waves

He stood there, full of great thoughts

And he looked into the distance."(about Peter 1)

Gogol "The Overcoat"

« Why are you insulting me?" - the phrase that influenced the young man sounded biblically: "I am your brother".

A significant person who frightened Bashmachkin to death with his commanding shout upon learning of his death “ I was even amazed, I heard remorse and was in a bad mood all day»

"Inspector"

« I invited you, gentlemen, in order to convey the most unpleasant news: an auditor is coming to us" - this phrase opens the play Anton Antonovich Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky.

Trustee of charitable institutions Strawberry " A simple man: if he dies, then he will die anyway, and if he recovers, then he will recover anyway.»

« The only positive hero of my comedy is laughter»- Gogol admitted

Doctor with the ominous surname Gibner " doesn't know a word of Russian»

Mayor “Why are you laughing? “You’re laughing at yourself!”

"Dead Souls"

The principle of depicting landowners:

• Exterior of the estate
• State of the farm
• Lord's house
• Interior decoration
• Characteristics of the landowner
• His relationship with Chichikov

ABOUT Manilov " stupid and useless cooking in the kitchen”, “empty in the pantry”, and meanwhile, erected " a gazebo with a flat green dome, wooden columns and the inscription "Temple of Solitude"(spiritual emptiness)

Box " strong-minded" And "club-headed"»

« Nozdryov at thirty-five was exactly the same as he was at eighteen and twenty: a lover of a walk»

Plyushkin " a hole in humanity»

Common features of landowners: inhumanity, idleness, vulgarity, spiritual emptiness.

« You will do everything and you will ruin everything in the world with a penny!"- father said to Chichikov (father's testament)

Gogol about Chichikov: « it’s fairest to call it the owner - the acquirer»

Lermontov "Mtsyri"

Mtsyri lives in an alien environment, deprived of all loved ones:

« I couldn't tell anyone

The sacred words "father" and "mother".

...I saw it in others

Fatherland, home, friends, relatives,

But I didn’t find it at home,

Not like sweet souls - graves!»

"Hero of our time"

Chronology of chapters: " Taman", "Princess Mary"", the beginning of the story " Bela", "Fatalist"", end of the story " Bela", "Maksim Maksimych", preface to "Pechorin's magazine"

Before the duel with Grushnitsky, Pechorin reflects: “ Why did I live? For what purpose was I born?»

« Is it really possible, I thought, that my only purpose on earth is to destroy the hopes of others?"(Pechorin)

« After all this, how can one not become a fatalist?"(Pechorin)

« And if there really is predestination, then why are we given will and reason?"(Pechorin)

« A hero of our time is a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation in their full development»

Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"

Katerina " You know, sometimes I feel like I'm a bird. When you stand on a mountain, you feel the urge to fly"(liberty, desire for freedom)

Laws " dark kingdom»:

Money rules it

“Do whatever you want, as long as it’s safe and covered” (Varvara Katerina)

Any living word, living thought, living feeling is persecuted in the city.

Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"

Pisarev " To die the way Bazarov died is the same as accomplishing a feat»

Bazarov is a nihilist, i.e. " a person who does not bow to any authority, who does not accept a single principle on faith, no matter how respected this principle may be."(this is how Arkady explains)

Bazarov " A decent chemist is 20 times more useful than any poet»

« Raphael is not worth a dime»

« Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.”

“Such a rich body! At least now to the anatomical theater!» - Bazarov about Odintsova(cynicism)

Before the duel with Pavel Petrovich, Bazarov thinks: “ No, I will loom in the world for a long time»

Katya says to Arkady “ He is predatory, and you and I are tame»

Before death Bazarov Odintsova: « Blow on the dying lamp and let it go out»

Nekrasov “Who Lives Well in Rus'”

« Who lives happily and freely in Rus'?”

“Roman said: To the landowner,

Demyan said: to the official,

Luke said: ass.

To the fat-bellied merchant!-

The Gubin brothers said,

Ivan and Mitodor.

Old man Pakhom pushed

And he said to the ground, looking at him:

To the noble boyar,

To the sovereign minister,

And Prov said: To the King.

Korchagina Matryona Timofeevna « It’s not the job of women to look for a happy woman.”

« The keys to female happiness, to our free will, are abandoned, lost to God himself»

Grisha Dobrosklonov « In moments of despondency, O Motherland, I fly forward with my thoughts. You are still destined to suffer a lot, but you will not die, I know.”

Savely the hero « branded, but not a slave»

Saltykov-Shchedrin “The Wise Minnow”

They say " Have you heard about the dunce who doesn’t eat, doesn’t drink, doesn’t see anyone, doesn’t share bread and salt with anyone, and only saves his hateful life?»

« Lived and trembled, and died - trembled»

Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"

Raskolnikov tells Sonya: « I just killed; I killed it for myself, for myself alone... I needed to find out then, and quickly find out, whether I was a louse, like everyone else, or a man? Will I be able to cross or not? Do I dare to bend down and take it or not? Am I a trembling creature or do I have the right?»

Luzhin embodies selfish prudence, hiding behind a rational idea " common good"(akin to Raskolnikov's "arithmetic")

Svidrigailov - lack of moral boundaries, non-distinction between good and evil.

Chekhov "Ionych"

Doctor Dmitry Ionych Startsev turns into Ionych.

Turkin family

"The Cherry Orchard"

Lopakhin: " Come and see how Ermolai Lopakhin takes an ax to the cherry orchard and how the trees fly to the ground!»

Double emphasis in the title.

Gorky "At the Bottom"

Luke " What you believe in is what you are.”

“In my opinion, not a single flea is bad: all are black, all jump»

About a human " no matter what it is, it’s always worth its price.”

“A person can do anything...If only he wants to”

“It’s never harmful to caress a person”

Satin " Man - that sounds proud!»

« We must respect the person! Don’t feel sorry, don’t humiliate him with pity.”

“Truth is the god of a free man, lies are the religion of slaves and masters»

Mayakovsky "Cloud in Pants"

Four parts - each implements a specific idea

1.Down with your love

2.Down with your art

3.Down with your system

4.Down with your religion

Akhmatova's poem "Requiem"

Dedicated to the victims of Stalin's repressions.

In the first lines of the “Introduction” an image of a “terrible world” appears:

« It was when I smiled

Only dead, glad for peace,

And swayed with an unnecessary pendant

Near their prisons Leningrad»

The drama of all innocent Rus' is depicted:

« I will be like the Streltsy wives,

Howl under the prison towers»

The epigraph is the lines of their article. " It was not in vain that we talked together»:

« No! And not under an alien sky,

And not under the protection of alien wings -

I was with my people then

Where my people, unfortunately, were»

Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita"

Yeshua " It's easy and pleasant to tell the truth»

Woland " Well... ordinary people... In general, they are similar to the previous ones... the housing issue only spoiled them»

« Manuscripts don't burn"

“Never ask for anything. Never and nothing, and especially among those who are stronger than you. They will offer and give everything themselves"(Margarita)

Pontius Pilate« Cowardice is undoubtedly one of the most terrible vices... No, philosopher, I object to you: this is the most terrible vice»

Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin"

« Let's be honest:

Just a guy himself

he is ordinary.

However, the guy is no matter where

A guy like that

Every company always has

And in every platoon"

“Why is this without a beginning?

Because time is short.

Why is it like this without end?

I just feel sorry for the guy"

“So that from my invention

Living people at war

It may have become lighter"

“I was killed near Rzhev”

« And among the dead, the voiceless,

There is one consolation:

We fell for our homeland,

But she's saved»

Solzhenitsyn "One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich"

Original title - “Shch-854” (One day of one prisoner)

About dinner " This scoop is now more valuable to him than his will, more valuable than the life of his entire past and entire future life.»

« This is the short moment for which the prisoner lives" (dinner)

« Matrenin Dvor»

Original title: “A village is not worth it without a righteous man”

Little people

Bashmachkin “Overcoat” Gogol

Samson Vyrin " Stationmaster» Pushkin

Evgeniy “The Bronze Horseman” Pushkin

Lisa "Poor Lisa" Karamzin

Marmeladov, Sonya, Katerina Ivanovna “Crime and Punishment” Dostoevsky

Makar Devushkin “Poor People” Dostoevsky.

Epic novels

"War and Peace" Tolstoy

"Quiet Don" Sholokhov

“The Life of Klim Samgin” Gorky

Epic poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”