The process of personalization of a person. What is personalization of search results Personalization as a process of personality development

Personalizing Failure When you tell a perfectionist: “Relax, you don’t have to do everything perfectly,” he understands with his head that this is so. But still, thoughts rise from the depths of consciousness: “If the result is not ideal, then the matter will not succeed. And if things don't work out,

Time personalization

Personalizing Time In the recent past, time was packaged in standard units. “From nine to five” - that was general template workday schedule for millions of workers in the United States. An hour or half an hour for lunch and a certain amount holidays were the norm.

Great encyclopedia of psychiatry. Zhmurov V.A.

Personalization

1. assimilation, appropriation, interiorization, internalization or, in other words, processes or mechanisms of transformation of external, social motivations, requirements, restrictions and social experience into elements of the structure of one’s own personality (into needs, aspirations, skills, knowledge, etc.). Personalization processes function implicitly, automatically and, hypothetically, on the basis of an innate ability that ensures the self-development of the individual (the term self-development in this case emphasizes that favorable external conditions alone for the formation of a personality are completely insufficient; innate or hereditarily determined readiness is necessary for their assimilation).
   Specific manifestations of personalization can be imitation, suggestibility, the formation of habits, character traits, assimilation of knowledge and skills, which are later recognized as natural, initially characteristic of the individual. Personalization is carried out most intensively in the childhood and puberty periods of ontogenesis; it is this age that is critical for damage to the mechanisms of appropriation and, consequently, disruption of the maturation of character and personality. It is in this age interval that disturbances in self-awareness occur especially often (see). To learn something, in addition to repeated repetition of certain actions and behavior patterns, it is very important that the relevant information is of interest, makes sense, that is, stimulates certain emotions (surprise, pleasure, fear, etc.). This may mean that personalization processes in their functioning are closely related to the affective sphere. The reverse, dangerous and even harmful side of personalization, some researchers point out, is the internal destructuring penetration of inadequate social influence, in particular, “mirages” of mass consciousness into personal consciousness. Thus, according to Hawking, “the habit of gathering in crowds and belonging to the crowd has become a threat to civilization and should be defined as a specific disease of modern society.”
   The reverse of personalization is the process of alienation, alienation, due to which fragments that have become useless, threatening or unacceptable are eliminated from the personality structure. This process can be quite painful. For example, this is devaluation, forgetting, repression, loss of the meaning of something, elimination of something familiar, disappointment. In the pathological version, this reverse process represents a violation of self-awareness in the form of depersonalization (see). Alienation processes also occur more intensely in the first third of an individual’s life. This probably explains why such a violation of self-awareness as depersonalization is most often observed in children, adolescents, and especially young adults. A painful intensification of the personalization process is manifested by a violation of self-awareness in the form of personalization (see), a painful weakening is manifested by personal underdevelopment, for example, infantilism, juvenileism, moral deficiency, deficiency of legal consciousness, and other signs of personality immaturity;
2. the process as a result of which the subject receives ideal representation in the life of other people and can act in public life as an individual;
3. according to V.A. Petrovsky, the essence of personalization lies in the effective transformations of the intellectual and affective-need sphere of the personality of another person, which occur as a result of the individual’s activities

Dictionary of a practical psychologist. S.Yu. Golovin

Personalization- a process as a result of which the subject receives ideal representation in the life of other people and can act in public life as an individual. The essence of personalization is in the effective transformations of the sphere of intellectual and affective-needs of another person, occurring as a result of the individual’s activities. The concept in this meaning was introduced by V.A. Petrovsky.

Since the unity of the concepts “individual” and “personality” does not mean their identity, various paradoxes of personalization arise:

1. it is theoretically possible for the existence of an individual who has not realized himself as a person (for example, a person who, due to some circumstances, found himself excluded from social interaction); on the other hand, it is possible for a “personality” (in this case a quasipersonality) to exist outside (without) the individual (for example, some mythical or literary characters), and the transformative influence of a historical quasipersonality may be no less effective than the influence of another really living person;
2. both depersonalization of the creator (architect, inventor, etc.) is possible as a result of the alienation of the product of labor from its creator, and personalization through the appropriation of the fruits of someone else’s labor; personalization is possible not only as a consequence of attributing to oneself other people’s merits, but also as a “broadcast” of one’s shortcomings and mistakes to someone else;
3. the third paradox is associated with the problem of personal immortality (from the standpoint of materialism): if personality is not reduced to its representation in a specific individual and continues in other people, then with the death of the individual it does not disappear completely.

With the help of the phenomenon of personalization, it is possible to explain many of the experiences of people caused by the tragic gap between the personalization of the individual that remains in them and his material non-existence. In such a situation, the integral structure of the personality is destroyed, only one link is preserved - the reflected subjectivity of the individual as a result of his personalization.

A person is characterized by varying degrees of expression of needs and ability to personalize. The need for personalization - the need to be an individual - is not always the realized deep basis of many forms of communication between people (altruism, affiliation, the desire for self-determination and recognition, etc.). The only effective way to satisfy the need for personalization is activity, because it is through activity that a person continues himself, “transmits” his individuality to others. The ability to personalize is a set of individual psychological characteristics of a person, which allow him to perform socially significant actions that transform other people. It is ensured by the richness of the subject’s individuality, the variety of means through which he can carry out a personalizing effect in communication and activity. Many experiments have revealed that personalization of a subject occurs under the condition of its significance for another, referentiality and emotional attractiveness. In other conditions, there is no personalization.

It has been experimentally shown (-> the principle of reflected subjectivity) that a full-fledged and socially positive manifestation of the ability to personalize is found in communities of this type, such as a collective; in groups of a low level of development, the personalization of one person (the leader) can cause depersonalization of others.

A brief dictionary of psychological terms.

Personalization (lat. persona - personality)- the process of transforming a person into a person, acquiring individuality.

Oxford explanatory dictionary in psychology

no meaning or interpretation of the word

subject area of ​​the term

Dedicated to the problem of personalization of the subject of labor. In psychology, personalization is understood as a complex and multidimensional process, as a result of which the subject receives an ideal representation in the living space of other people and can act in public life as an individual. The author considers this process in the context of the social space of the subject of labor and temporary relationships with significant others.

Key words: personalization, subject of labor, social space, time in psychology.

In modern Russian psychology, the subject is understood as a source of activity associated with the characteristics of people’s activities. Until recently, attempts were made to see the most important characteristics of the subject as a person in a set of immanent qualities of the individual. In the works of V.A. Petrovsky proposes to look for these characteristics not only in the subject himself, but also in other people, that is, it becomes possible to interpret the personality from new positions - the ideal representation of the individual in other people, his personalization.

Personalization is associated with effective transformations in the intellectual and affective sphere of another person’s personality that occur as a result of the individual’s activities. The subject is characterized by varying degrees of expression of the need and ability for personalization - the not always realized deep basis of many forms of communication between people (altruism, affiliation, desire for self-determination and public recognition, etc.). V.A. Petrovsky believes that the only effective way to satisfy the need for personalization is activity, since it is through his activity that a person continues himself in other people, “transmits” his individuality to others. The subject of labor implements professional activity, its psychological characteristics, specificity, and content are studied by labor psychology. It must be remembered that it is included in a broad socio-economic context, and its implementation is connected with the space of other non-professional activities carried out by the subject. Obviously, the set of these activities is quite large and is connected with other people, in whose life the subject is represented, that is, personalized.

Personalization of the subject is a complex and multidimensional process, as a result of which the subject receives ideal representation in the living space of other people and can act in public life as an individual.
V.A. Petrovsky associated the idea of ​​personalization with the presentation of L.S. Vygotsky on interiorization social relations, “through others we become ourselves.” For V. A. Petrovsky, “to specifically characterize a personality means answering not only the question of which of the other people and how is represented (interiorized) in another individual, but also how he and in whom exactly he consists as this “other” “, as if determining someone’s consciousness and behavior from the inside.” Consequently, the subject of labor cannot be considered outside the context of the space of social connections and relationships in which he is included.

In psychology, there is the concept of “social situation of development”, introduced by L.S. Vygotsky, as a unit of analysis of the dynamics of child development. The social situation of development is a system of relations of the subject in social reality, specific for each age period, which is reflected in his experiences and is realized in joint activities with other people. The idea of ​​L.S. Vygotsky about the social situation of development seems interesting from the point of view of developing the concept of social space as a space professional activity, as well as social connections and relationships in which the subject of labor is included in the process of his life.

Personalization of the subject of labor is carried out in his social space. The social space of the subject of labor includes, firstly, the professional social space itself, this is the space of joint activity of the subject and his colleagues, as well as the space of specific labor situations, where the subject is included and on the basis of the analysis of which the activities of the professional are studied. That is, as a rule, these social connections and relationships are limited to the range of activities performed by the subject. professional tasks. Secondly, personal social space, family and space of significant others, non-professional space. This space is not directly included in the professional activity of the subject, but has a powerful influence on its implementation.

Of particular interest is the process of personalization of labor subjects working in different time modes. Developing the problem of organizing the life time of specialists working on a shift schedule, O.A. Garanina introduces the concept of “social desynchronosis, which is experienced by specialists working on a shift schedule, as a discrepancy between the general social time concept and the individual one, determined by the peculiarities of the work schedule (“internal” desynchronosis), but also manifests itself in the mismatch between the life time of the specialist himself and the life time of other people. (significant others) working on a regular schedule (“external” desynchronosis).” It is obvious that social desynchronosis is not limited to the psychological problems of a labor subject with an “unusual” (shift, seasonal, rotational, expedition) work schedule. In the conditions of modern production, difficulties may arise in personalizing a subject related to the temporary organization of its activities.

The ability to personalize is a combination individual psychological characteristics of a person that allow him to carry out socially significant actions that transform other people. The ability to personalize is ensured by the richness of the subject’s individuality, the variety of means by which he can exercise a personalizing effect in communication and activity. Many experimental works have revealed that personalization of a subject occurs under the condition of its significance for another, referentiality and emotional attractiveness. Under other conditions, there is no personalization.

Carrying out labor activity in an “unusual” time schedule, the subject has to negotiate with significant others about how to communicate and joint activities not only in the same space, but also in the same time, to synchronize their time of work and rest. Otherwise, there is a high probability of depersonalization, that is, a pronounced, to a certain extent, objective loss of the opportunity to be ideally represented in the life activities of other people. Depersonalization can also occur if personalization tools are not effective enough.

Currently, research is being conducted on the specifics of the image of the world and the lifestyle of a specialist working on a rotational, seasonal and expeditionary basis, that is, in an “unusual” temporary mode. V.P. Serkin notes that these types of professional activities affect the lifestyle of the family and family relationships, which is most clearly manifested in the violation of family functions - primary social control, the formation of cultural and social skills, household - satisfying the need for love, psychotherapeutic, social responsibility, educational, sexual-erotic, protective. From the point of view of personalization of the subject of labor, a violation of the implementation of family functions means the loss of that significance, referentiality and attractiveness, that is, the representation of the subject in the life activities of significant others, which is probably associated with the psychological problems that arise in the subject and the people around him.

Thus, the subject, falling out of the time and space of relationships with significant others, not possessing a sufficient variety of means of personalization, turns out to be not only not presently represented and internalized in the life activity of others. This fact is expressed in the fact that families and significant others, learning to live without the subject, distance themselves from him psychologically, that is, they do not experience the presence of the subject in situations that are significant to them, his ability to contribute something personal and thereby make changes in their systems of relationships to the world. Consequently, even the fact of reflected subjectivity does not remain, which, as a rule, speaks of the personalization of the subject in the life of others.

Time synchronization is difficult psychological problem, not only for specialists who work spatially far from their family’s residence, but also for those who work seemingly in the same space, for example, in a city, but in different time schedules. Thus, time may be the key moment that has a significant impact on the personalization of the subject.

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Bulletin of Northeastern State University
Magadan 2013. Issue 19