November 17th is international day. International Students Day: tragic history and cheerful traditions of different countries. A protest that turned into a tragedy

On October 28, 1939, in Nazi-occupied Czechoslovakia, Prague students and their teachers demonstrated to mark the anniversary of the founding of the Czechoslovak state (October 28, 1918). Occupier units dispersed the demonstration, and a student was shot dead Faculty of Medicine Jan Braided. His funeral on November 15, 1939 again turned into a protest. Dozens of demonstrators were arrested. On November 17, Gestapo and SS men surrounded student dormitories. More than 1.2 thousand students were arrested and imprisoned in the concentration camp in Sachsenhausen. Nine students and activists student movement executed without trial in the dungeons of a prison in the Ruzine district of Prague. By order of Hitler, all Czech higher education institutions were closed until the end of the war.

Today, International Students Day symbolically unites students of all faculties and all educational institutions. Carrying out International Day students are preceded by the International Student Week of Struggle for Peace and Friendship (November 10-17).

In Russia, two student holidays are celebrated: International Students' Day (November 17) and Tatyana's Day (January 25) - the day of the Great Martyr Tatyana, the patron saint of all students.

According to Rosstat, at the beginning of 2011/2012 academic year in Russia there were 1080 educational institutions higher vocational education, including 634 state and municipal institutions and 446 non-state. The total number of students in higher educational institutions in Russia was 6.5 million.

The origin of higher education in Russia dates back to the era of Peter I. The first Russian Empire scientific and educational center according to Peter's plan, it was supposed to include a university and an academy. In the 18th century, St. Petersburg created Academic University, Mining School and Medical-Surgical Academy, and in Moscow - the First Classical University and the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy.

Study and daily life students were regulated by the charter, and those who violated the rules were punished with monetary fines, dressing in peasant clothes, or were deprived of the right to wear a sword. For special merits, the best students received early military ranks. At that time, the first scholarship holders appeared.

The stipend was enough to cover food, purchase clothes and books, and rent private housing. But even in those days, students were looking for additional sources of funds. The greatest income came from translations of foreign books into Russian. The duration of training at that time was three to four years. Almost all educational institutions were popular.

By the end of the 18th century, 12 universities functioned in the Russian Empire: seven in St. Petersburg, three in Moscow, one each in Kazan and Kyiv. Sharp increase the number of students and the increase in the prestige of education occurred in the period 1897-1908.

In 1914, the vast majority of students came from burghers (35.2%), peasants (22%) and nobles (9.8%). For girls from any family, the path to university was closed.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources.

January 25th is Student's Day, or, as they like to call it, “Tatiana's Day.” It is named after Saint Tatiana, the patroness of students.

But, as you know, there are two student days. One has international status and is celebrated by students all over the world, while the second is known only in the countries of the former Soviet Union. As a result, we have a situation where all over the world Student’s Day is celebrated on one day, and in Russia on a completely different day. In Belarus, which is located at the junction of East and West, students are not averse to celebrating both of these holidays. But... how does one student’s day differ from the next?

January 25, 1755 Russian empress Elizabeth on the day of remembrance of the holy martyr Tatiana and on the name day of the mother of Ivan Shuvalov (in the church calendar this day is Russian Orthodox Church honors the martyr Tatiana and the victims with her in Rome (226) approved the petition of Ivan Shuvalov and signed a decree on the opening of Moscow University, which later became the center of Russian advanced culture and social thought in Russia. Subsequently, in one of the wings of the old university building, a house church of the holy martyr Tatiana was created, and the saint herself was declared the patroness of all Russian students.

It should be noted that then (1755) Belarus was part of a completely different state - the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. And Moscow University did not have the slightest significance for us. Moreover, we had another cultural center - Vilna University, founded in 1579 by King Stefan Batory. And our university, unlike Moscow, was famous in Europe; people came to study with us from abroad, including from Russia.

Already by mid-19th century century, from a holiday of students and professors of Moscow University, Tatyana Day actually turned into a holiday of the Russian intelligentsia. The celebration of Student's Day in the Russian Empire was noisy and fun. At first it was celebrated only in Moscow, but almost the entire city took part in it. The holiday began with official ceremonies in the university building. Then noisy and cheerful festivities took place throughout the city. For the student “party,” the Frenchman Olivier, who was the owner of the Hermitage, even gave away the restaurant hall where students and professors celebrated. At the celebration, as usual, they drank. But on this day, the royal gendarmes, having met a drunken student, did not touch him, but, on the contrary, offered their help.

After October Revolution Tatyana's day was rarely remembered. After all, Tatiana was a saint, and the church and the communists were not on very good terms. Only after the opening of the temple in honor of the martyr Tatiana at Moscow University in 1995, the holiday came to life again.

Since 2005, January 25 has been celebrated in Russia as “Russian Students’ Day.” In Russia, the symbolism of the holiday as a student holiday is emphasized by the coincidence with the academic calendar - January 25 is also the last day of the 21st academic week, the traditional end of the examination session of the first semester, after which the winter student holidays begin.

What we see in the end is that “Tatiana’s Day” has not the slightest relation to our country. This is a holiday of Russian students and intelligentsia. Belarusian students first formed in completely different universities.

But there is another student's day, International, which promotes international solidarity rather than celebration.

On October 28, 1939, in Nazi-occupied Czechoslovakia, Prague students and their teachers demonstrated to mark the anniversary of the founding of the Czechoslovak state. The occupying troops dispersed the meeting, and medical student Jan Opletal was shot dead, whose funeral turned into a protest. Dozens of demonstrators were arrested. On November 17, the Germans surrounded the student dormitories early in the morning. More than 1,200 students were arrested and imprisoned in a concentration camp. Nine students and student activists were executed in prison.

Two years later, an International meeting of students who fought against Nazism was held in London, at which it was decided to celebrate the date of their death annually as Student’s Day in honor of the victims.

Of course, no one forbids celebrating two holidays at once. We simply must never forget that November 17 is a day of solidarity among students around the world, a day of remembrance for those who died in the struggle for freedom and independence. And January 25 is simply the opening day of Moscow University.

Ukrainians celebrate Student's Day November 17(International Students Day) and January 25(Tatiana's day).

November 17

International Student Solidarity Day celebrated since 1942, in memory of the date - November 17, 1939 In Nazi-occupied Czech Republic, more than 1,200 students were arrested and imprisoned in a concentration camp for demonstrating in honor of the anniversary of the founding of the Czechoslovak state.

Three years later, in 1942, a International student meeting who fought against Nazism, at which it was decided to celebrate this date annually in honor of those killed as Student's Day.

January 25

Student's Day(Tatiana's Day) celebrated with 1755. In 1755, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna issued a decree establishing Moscow University, "Tatiana's Day" began to be celebrated first as the birthday of the university, and later as a holiday of students.

Since then this day began to be considered Students' Day, and Saint Tatiana, who previously “belonged” to January 25, became the patroness of all students in Rus'. Even the ancient name “Tatiana” itself translated from Greek means “organizer.”

Sayings and signs for Tatiana's Day:

• When the sun has set, don’t eat a loaf of bread, otherwise you’ll start another day.
• Early sun - early birds.
• The sun will shine on Tatiana early - for the early arrival of the birds.
• Tatyana bakes a loaf, beats rugs on the river, and leads a round dance.
• Our Tatyana is drunk from the water.
• If it is frosty and clear on Tatyana, there will be a good harvest; warmth and snowstorm - to crop failure.

The students themselves are looking forward to Students' Day, and the adults are looking forward to it with fear. “No matter what they do!” - this is the general opinion of mothers, fathers and teachers, who have completely forgotten how they themselves noted this happy holiday.

International Students Day is celebrated annually on November 17th. It was established in 1941 at an international meeting of students from countries that fought against fascism, which took place in London (Great Britain), but began to be celebrated in 1946.

This holiday is associated with youth, romance and fun, but its history, which began in Czechoslovakia during the Second World War, is associated with tragic events.

On October 28, 1939, in Nazi-occupied Czechoslovakia, Prague students and their teachers demonstrated to mark the anniversary of the founding of the Czechoslovak state (October 28, 1918). Occupier units dispersed the demonstration, and medical student Jan Opletal was shot dead.

The funeral of a young man on November 15, 1939 again turned into a protest. Dozens of demonstrators were arrested. On November 17, Gestapo and SS men surrounded the student dormitories early in the morning. More than 1,200 students were arrested and imprisoned in the concentration camp at Sachsenhausen. Nine students and student activists were executed without trial in the dungeons of a prison in Prague's Ruzine district. By order of Hitler, all Czech higher education institutions were closed until the end of the war.

November 17 International Student Day: congratulations in prose

Congratulations on International Students Day and I wish you to always be on a positive wave, constantly strive for new success, never miss your opportunity and never regret your choice. Good luck and easy sessions!

On International Students Day we would like to congratulate everyone who decided to receive higher education and master any profession important to society! Student life is a fun time when passing difficult tests, exams, sleepless nights are almost erased from memory, because stormy gatherings, celebrating a passed exam, a sea of ​​new acquaintances and friends almost completely replace them. We wish you, dear students, to get an education, master your favorite profession and realize your high goals and wishes!
***

Student's Day is the best holiday!
Congratulations to everyone, everyone, everyone.
After all, this time is beautiful,
Ahead lies your whole life, success...

I wish you happiness, friendship,
Achievements and victories.
A sea of ​​essential knowledge
And good luck to everyone in the competitions!

Today is Happy Students' Day
Congratulations, friends,
Good luck with your studies
I wish everyone.

So that the sessions are passed
Easy and effortless
Received credits
And let the tears not flow.

Student fraternity,
Have fun today
Towards the coveted diploma
Aspire with a smile.

Students are like supermen:
They can only do so skillfully
In the semester, couples will skip,
Then successfully pass the entire session!

Student, I congratulate you on your day,
Have fun, don't think about anything
May your record book make you happy,
And your life will be cool and clear!
***

January 8, 2018

Student years are recognized as one of the brightest and most special in a person’s life. Rapid growth, independence, the desire to try new things, self-discovery - this is only a small part of what awaits freshmen on the path to obtaining a diploma. One of the main questions that worries everyone who begins this stage is when and how is Student’s Day celebrated? Should it be held on November 17 or January 25, and why did two dates appear at once?

It's time

People consider student life a time when they turn a blind eye to pranks and mistakes, because there is more to come adult life where there is almost no room for them. But it is worth remembering that fun and a wild lifestyle are not the main activities.

For a long time, young people went to universities to gain knowledge, set goals for themselves that they wanted to achieve in order to make themselves known to the whole world. History shows us that students have repeatedly faced injustice and harshness in the world. This is what gives us reason to think about a lot of things. Celebrating Student's Day is an opportunity to remember not only how fun this time can be, but also what it provides for our future.

A memorable day for the whole world

First, it’s worth figuring out whether Student’s Day is celebrated on November 17 or January 25? The fact is that both dates exist and have the right to life. The difference lies in the history that gave rise to each of them as memorable.

This is exactly what November 17 is - International Students Day. It is considered global for the reason that the events that preceded it affected the entire world community.

Student's Day is November 17, the history of which tradition gives a special idea about it and fills the date with serious meaning. This is by no means a holiday in the usual sense of the word. More precisely, it can be described as a day of remembrance, symbolizing the unity and solidarity of students from all over the world. It appeared many years ago.

In 1939, on October 28, young people studying at higher educational institutions took to the streets of Prague. They took part in a demonstration dedicated to the tenth anniversary of the founding of the state of Czechoslovakia. At this point, the country was already under occupation by German troops.

The demonstrators were brutally dispersed. Weapons were used. A student named Jan Opletal was shot dead. The death of the young man shocked the public. The funeral was attended not only by everyone who studied at the university, but also by teachers. The reaction to the murder was a mass protest, denouncing the injustice and cruelty of the fascist regime.

The occupiers were not forced to wait: on November 17, hundreds of demonstrators were detained. Some of them were shot, others were sentenced to imprisonment in concentration camps.

A. Hitler ordered the immediate cessation of all educational institutions. Students were able to resume classes only after the end of the war.

In 1941, the First International Anti-Nazi Congress took place in London, where students decided to designate November 17 as a day of remembrance for the fallen Czech students. Until now, this date is honored by young people of all countries, nationalities and religions.

Domestic analogue

But we also know another date. Because of this, there is a debate about whether to celebrate Student's Day on November 17 or January 25? The second date has an even longer history, but is widespread throughout Russia.

Back in the 18th century, precisely on January 25, 1755, Empress Elizabeth Petrovna signed a decree prepared by Ivan Shuvalov. It marked the emergence of the first university in Moscow. In the church calendar, this day was the veneration of the Holy Great Martyr Tatiana. So, she became a protector and patroness of students.

There is an opinion that Count Shuvalov chose this particular day because of his mother. Her name was Tatyana, and the decree became a name day gift.

Why is January 25 celebrated as Student's Day? This date has already become special, because in 1791 Nicholas I signed a decree on the celebration, and also this year the Church of St. Tatiana was opened, where the children came before the session with prayers and requests.

Traditions of World Students Day

Why is World Students' Day - November 17th - so important for people? This is an opportunity to honor the memory of those who died at the hands of the Nazis. Memorial services are held around the world. Their organization unites and unites students from different parts of the Earth.

Large-scale events are also held in the village of Nakla, where Jan was buried. This day shows another side of students' lives. Here young people, who to many seem not yet fully conscious, show that they know history and understand how important it is to honor its memory.

Traditions of the Russian holiday

In Russia it is fun and noisy. January 25 is the time when all the worries and fears from the session are left behind, which means nothing overshadows the celebration.

It all started with official events, where certificates, awards and thanks were given out, and then noisy festivities were held. Lucien Olivier, who created one of our favorite salads, was very fond of students. As a sign of his affection for them, he gave the guys his own Hermitage restaurant for a feast.

The policemen who kept order on the streets took pity on the tipsy youth and did not arrest them for minor violations.

Conclusion

IN different countries Oh, there are other features of this holiday. However, we have an excellent opportunity not to choose whether to celebrate Student Day on November 17 or January 25.

You can honor young people studying at the university twice: the first time by remembering those who became victims of war and cruelty, and the second time by praising yourself for successfully passing the session. After all, the student period passes, like everything else in this world, which means you should get as many impressions from it as possible.