Apricot confectioner. Pre-revolutionary “Kinder Surprises”: how Alexey Abrikosov developed his confectionery empire. From the serf to the Supplier of the Court of His Imperial Majesty

Russian entrepreneur, manufacturer, who founded the confectionery factory of the Partnership of A. I. Abrikosov’s Sons (now the Babaevsky concern) in the second half of the 19th century, and also owned confectionery and tea stores in Moscow, Supplier of His Yard Imperial Majesty, Chairman of the Board of the Accounting Bank, Actual State Councilor.

Grandson of confectioner Stepan Nikolaev, the founder of the dynasty, who came to Moscow from the Penza province to earn money at the age of 64; his descendants adopted the surname Abrikosov. Alexey Ivanovich studied at the Practical Academy of Commercial Sciences, but did not complete the course. Subsequently, throughout his life he donated to the development of the academy. He worked for hire, and since 1847 he has been an independent entrepreneur. In 1849 he married Agrippina Aleksandrovna Musatova, the daughter of a Moscow perfume and confectionery manufacturer. The dowry's five thousand rubles served as the initial capital for Abrikosov's confectionery enterprise. Alexey Ivanovich and Agrippina Alexandrovna had 22 children - 10 sons and 12 daughters, 17 of them lived to an old age.

In the spring of 1879, the Factory Trade Partnership “A.I. Abrikosova Sons” acquired a land plot of 4 hectares on Malaya Krasnoselskaya Street in Sokolniki, where a confectionery factory was built. By the beginning of the 20th century, it was a huge enterprise for those times (1900 employees), where about four thousand tons of caramel, sweets, chocolate and biscuits were produced per year. In 1899, the A. I. Abrikosov Sons Partnership was awarded. honorary title"Supplier to the Court of His Imperial Majesty." Since 1883 - founder and director of the tea trade "Brothers K. and S. Popov." Abrikosov's store was located on Kuznetsky Most in the Solodovnikov passage.

He was among the founders of the Moscow Merchants' Mutual Credit Society (1869), and later became the founder and chairman of the Council of the Accounting Bank (1880-1902).

Alexey Ivanovich and Agrippina Alexandrovna are buried in the cemetery of the Novo-Alekseevsky Monastery in Moscow. In 1926, the monastery was closed and the cemetery was destroyed.

During the Crimean War, Abrikosov made annual 100-ruble donations to hospitals and militia. Later he became a member of the committee to assist the families of those killed and wounded in the war with Turkey, and in 1880 he joined the Council of the House of the Moscow Merchant Society for free apartments. Served as headman of the Assumption Church on Pokrovka.

At the end of 1889, his wife opened a free maternity hospital and a women’s hospital with “permanent beds for A. A. Abrikosova” (five beds). A.I. Abrikosova bequeathed 100,000 rubles to the city for the construction of a maternity shelter; a building designed by I. A. Ivanov-Shits on Miusskaya Square with 51 beds was consecrated in May 1906 (with the addition of city funds, construction cost 206,000 rubles). By decision of the Moscow City Council, the new maternity hospital began to officially bear the name of Agrippina Aleksandrovna Abrikosova, after the revolution it was renamed the maternity hospital named after N.K. Krupskaya, and in 1994 the name of the founder was returned to it.

The site's observer studied the biography of the major pre-revolutionary manufacturer Alexei Abrikosov, who founded the A. I. Abrikosov and Sons" (now it is the Babaevsky concern) and influenced the creation of a system of higher economic education.

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On the Sunset Russian Empire A whole galaxy of large entrepreneurs appeared. Before the onset of the revolution, they managed to influence many industries, including on a global scale, but as a result, their enterprises went into the possession of the state, and their names were erased through propaganda efforts for many decades.

These include Alexey Ivanovich Abrikosov. The son of a merchant of the third guild, who did not make a huge fortune and did not create large enterprises, Alexey Ivanovich created his business practically from scratch. He was able to grow a huge confectionery concern and became famous for the quality of his products.

Origins of the Abrikosov family. early years

The history of the Abrikosov family begins in the village of Troitskoye, Penza province. The local landowners had a talented serf who was brilliant at making jam and other sweets. His name was Stepan Nikolaev. In 1804, he convinced his lady to let him and his family go to Moscow on quitrent. Some researchers of the Abrikosov family describe this event so colorfully that it involuntarily seems that Stepan was then under 30 years old. In fact, Nikolaev was already 64 years old. Apparently, he dreamed of going to Moscow for an impressive part of his life, and now his dream has come true.

There is a version that the serf was sent to the quitrent earlier, and in 1804 he was simply able to ransom the family. There is also an exotic option: allegedly Stepan convinced the lady to give him and his family freedom. Considering that serfs were a kind of currency for landowners, this is almost unrealistic.

Be that as it may, at the beginning of the 19th century, Nikolaev and his family organized their own production of sweets and jam, as well as a small shop. His sons Ivan and Vasily became his assistants. Things soon went smoothly, and their skills were recognized in Moscow. Gradually they got their own customer base: They mainly fulfilled orders for holidays and weddings.

The heirs of Stepan Nikolaev received the surname “Abrikosov” in 1814. According to historians, they were awarded it for selling sweets, jams and fruits: the family of confectioners was best at making apricot pastille. The Abrikosovs themselves insisted that the surname came from the word “rent”, and later people changed it to take into account the family’s occupation.

In 1812, Stepan Nikolaev died, leaving a well-organized business to his sons. It was headed, apparently, by Ivan Stepanovich - a man not devoid of adventurism. Developing the family business in war-torn Moscow, he was so successful that he began to increase his staff. Instead of hiring new employees in the capital, he went to his native village and invited him to work cousins- either he bought them from serfs, or they were already free. This happened in 1830, when Ivan Stepanovich was already a merchant of the second guild and had a chance to join the first.

In 1824, Ivan Abrikosov had a son, Alexey. When he was 11 years old, his father sent him to the Practical Academy of Commercial Sciences. Judging by his memoirs, Alexey tried to study well and demonstrated a brilliant mind - in general, he showed great promise. He could have hoped to successfully graduate from the academy and continue his studies at the university, but everything turned out completely differently.

In 1838, Abrikosov Sr. faced a crisis and could no longer pay for his son’s education. Alexei left his student days to work in the office of Hoffmann, who traded sugar and was a supplier to Alexei’s father. The teenager had to keep accounts, carry letters and parcels to the post office, and even work as a gatekeeper.

Apparently, he worked well: after the death of the chief accountant of the office, Hoffman appointed Alexey in his place, and the future entrepreneur coped with the position. He spent his earnings as little as possible to raise capital for his own business. In 1847, he decided to quit and start working on his own. Hoffman supported his former assistant with money, advice and connections, and also helped him get a bank loan. So Abrikosov was able to begin creating his own confectionery business, which in the future will become an empire.

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10.12.2009

Confectionery empire of the Apricots or from the history of the factory named after. Babaeva

For about two hundred years now, most of progressive humanity has been concerned with the question: how does the jam get inside the candy? The process of this semi-liquid mass entering the closed volume of solid caramel seems mystically mysterious. Until recently, everyone believed that the person who was able to reveal this great secret bore the surname Babaev. Why! After all, a factory with a two-hundred-year history, one of the most famous Russian factories producing sweets, was called: Confectionery Factory named after P. A. Babaev.

However, Pyotr Babaev had nothing to do with the production of sweets. He was a mechanic at the Sokolniki tram workshops, advanced to the Civil Service through the party branch, became a member of the Moscow Committee of the RCP (b) and died at the hands of a White Guard in 1920. And in 1922, his name was given to a confectionery factory located near the former tram workshops, a factory founded by a man with the “confectionery” surname Abrikosov.

Initially there was no such surname. And in the 18th century, in the village of Troitsky, Chembarsky district, Penza province, the serf peasant Stepan Nikolaev (in modern terms - Nikolaevich) lived. This peasant regularly prepared the most exquisite delicacies for the master's table. He was especially successful with plum jam and apricot pastille. His mistress, Anna Petrovna, wisely reasoned that it was impractical to keep such a master in the village, and when the peasant asked to “go to Moscow on a quitrent,” she willingly let him go, even giving him some money for the first time. Although she kept Stepan’s family with her.

TO early XIX century, Stepan saved up enough money to buy himself out of the fortress, buy out his family and move everyone in the summer of 1804 to live in Moscow, where he, a novice pastry chef, already had his own small workshop and a regular clientele. The whole family worked: Stepan himself, his wife Fekla, daughter Daria, sons Ivan and Vasily. They served dinner parties, official balls, and merchant weddings. He especially managed to please the abbot of the Novo-Spassky Monastery, who liked Stepanov’s apricot pastille and marmalade so much that he even blessed their production with an icon. At the age of 75, Stepan Nikolaev signed up as a merchant of Semenovskaya Sloboda and even opened his own grocery store, having received “the highest permission to open a trading house.”

In 1812, after the death of his father, management of the family firm passed into the hands of his eldest son, 22-year-old Ivan Stepanov, the first of the dynasty to receive the surname Abrikosov. The business grew, and the young merchant had to somehow decide on a surname. By order of the police, being already a well-known confectioner in Moscow, he received the “confectionery” surname Abrikosov on October 27, 1814. True, descendants have repeatedly tried to prove that the surname comes from the nickname Obrokosov, that is, “one who walked on a quitrent,” but the Moscow police documents that have reached us indicate that Ivan Stepanov received his surname precisely “for trading fruit,” and before that he “ was considered Palkin."

In 1820, the young merchant Abrikosov moved to the second guild, and in 1830 he rescued his cousins ​​from the village to help. And in the interval between these two events, on February 20, 1824, his son Alexei was born, who would later be called the “chocolate king of Russia.”

By that time, the company of the Abrikosov brothers was already very strong. In the book of declared capital of the Semenovskaya Sloboda, Ivan Stepanovich Abrikosov annually indicated a significant figure - 8,000 rubles, which gave the right to join the third merchant guild. In full accordance with such a respectable position, he wanted to give his children the most solid education possible, and therefore in 1834 he assigned Alexei to the prestigious Practical Academy of Commercial Sciences. The son studied there for less than four years. By the beginning of 1838, the financial affairs of the Abrikosovs' company had deteriorated sharply. Suddenly impoverished, Ivan Stepanovich found himself unable not only to pay for his son’s education, but even simply to feed him. In the same 1838, he gave 14-year-old Alexei into service for 5 rubles a month in the office of the German Ivan Bogdanovich Hoffmann, who was engaged in the resale of sugar and other groceries.

Alexey became an errand boy. However, he quickly mastered the basics of accounting and became a bookkeeper.

Meanwhile, his father and uncle, Ivan Stepanovich and Vasily Stepanovich, did not give up hope of reviving the business. In 1839, they tried to establish tobacco production “in the house of the merchant Abrikosova.” But in 1841 the brothers had to admit themselves insolvent, and at the end of 1842 their property was sold for debts.

By that time, Ivan Stepanovich, with the help of his son, managed to raise the “sweet” business again. But man is not eternal. Ivan and Vasily died one after another - with an interval of only a few months. And Alexey Ivanovich had to come to grips with the troublesome confectionery business, leaving the quiet office of the chief accountant. Now he has become a Moscow merchant of the third guild and the main supplier of his future main competitor, the confectioner Einem (now the Red October factory). In the list of factories and factories in the city of Moscow for 1850, it was listed as a “confectionery establishment in the city part.”

The work in the establishment was carried out exclusively by hand. The only non-human force was the horse, on which Alexey Ivanovich himself rode every day to the Bolotny Bazaar to buy fresh berries and fruits. Until now, he had not trusted any other of the 24 people working in the workshop with such a responsible operation.

Along with the growth of production, the reputation of the future “candy king” also grew. By 1852, he became a comrade (public deputy) of the city elder of the third guild of merchants, a year later he became a city elder in the house of the Moscow City Society and a member of the Moscow branch of the Commercial Council, and three years later received from the Moscow Governor-General gold medal with the inscription “For zeal” - “to be worn around the neck on the Anninsky ribbon.” In 1861, he was elected a member of the Council of the Moscow Practical Academy of Commercial Sciences, the same one that he never managed to graduate from. A year later, the Minister of Finance presented him with a second “zealous” medal, now on the Vladimir ribbon. By the beginning of the 1870s, he was already a member of the general City Duma, an elected member of the Moscow Merchant Society, a holder of three gold medals “For Diligence” (the last one on the Alexander Ribbon), a merchant of the first guild, the founder of the Moscow Merchant Mutual Credit Society, a holder of the orders of St. Stanislav and St. Anna 3rd degree, hereditary honorable Sir city, member of the board of the Moscow Accounting Bank and a large homeowner (apartment buildings No. 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 on Maly Uspensky Lane, house 6/5 on Bolshoy Uspensky, houses and outbuildings in Lefortovo). In 1873, he received permission to install a 12 horsepower steam engine at the factory. Now his workshop has become the largest Moscow mechanized confectionery enterprise, producing more than 500 tons of products per year for a total amount of 325,000 rubles. Left behind were Einem, Sioux and Co., Georges Bormann, brothers Andrei and Gerasim Kudryavtsev, and other popular chocolate makers in Russia.

The empire was created. It was time to involve children in the business, and in 1874 Alexey Ivanovich sent a petition to the Moscow Governor General in which he wrote: “I wish to transfer the factory that belongs to me in its entirety to my sons Nikolai and Ivan Alekseevich Abrikosov.” Below was a note from the sons: “We, the undersigned, wish to acquire the factory of A.I. Abrikosov, maintain and carry out work under the company “A. I. Abrikosov’s Sons.”

Just don’t think that there were two children, there were many more of them. During their marriage, Agrippina Alekseevna Abrikosova gave birth to 22 charming babies (10 boys and 12 girls). However, her participation in the family business was not at all limited to the production of offspring. Agrippina Alekseevna was responsible for almost all the family real estate. All apartment buildings were registered in her name, rebuilt and equipped under her control, and she was in charge of tenants’ issues. This practice was the norm for Russian merchants. Realizing that things could take a turn for the worse, they registered as much of their property as possible in the name of their wives and children in order to protect it from being sold off in bankruptcy.

The apartment buildings of the Abrikosovs were considered one of the most prestigious in Moscow, which was facilitated by the rich interior decoration, the classical style of architecture, fashionable at that time, well-trained servants and high prices. Representatives of famous families lived in Abrikosov houses.

In addition to working with real estate, Agrippina Alekseevna was engaged in something that Russian merchants could attract the attention of the powers that be - charity. The Abrikosovs gave charity often and abundantly. It all started with annual hundred-ruble donations to the Committee to assist the families of those killed and wounded in the war with Turkey, of which the Abrikosovs were members from 1877 to 1886. Then the family became part of another dozen and a half societies, became a trustee of six vocational schools, several Moscow hospitals, including the Morozovskaya children's hospital, took patronage over the Church of the Assumption on Pokrovka, equipped several shelters for the homeless and donated 100,000 rubles to rebuild the building of the Moscow conservatory. Membership and chairmanship of committees and boards of trustees, by the way, required regular contributions to the general fund.

The main thing to which Agrippina Alekseevna Abrikosova devoted the rest of her life was the organization of a free maternity hospital in Moscow. At the end of 1889, through her efforts, a “free maternity hospital and women’s hospital with permanent beds for A. A. Abrikosova” was opened on Miusskaya Street. The first paragraph of the charter of this institution read: “Maintained at the expense of the founder.” Agrippina Alekseevna’s son-in-law, the famous obstetrician A. N. Rakhmonov, was appointed head of the shelter. The salaries at the shelter amounted to such significant sums that perhaps the best obstetricians and gynecologists in Russia gathered under its roof. The head of a team of obstetricians received 800 rubles a year, an ordinary midwife (of which there were 12 in the institution) - 660 rubles, a nurse - 300, a nurse - 150. For comparison, in other similar institutions the salaries were approximately one and a half times lower. Over the course of a year, more than 200 women in labor passed through the shelter, and infant mortality and death during childbirth were a phenomenally low figure for those times - one percent.

After the death of Agrippina Alekseevna in 1901, in accordance with her will, her husband, children and grandchildren turned to the mayor with the following statement: “We have the honor to ask Your Excellency to inform the Moscow City Duma that we wish to donate capital in the amount of 100 thousand rubles for the device in Moscow, a free maternity shelter named after A. A. Abrikosova. The entire donated capital of 100 thousand rubles is intended for the construction of buildings and equipment of the shelter... The shelter is intended for both normal and pathological childbirth and must have at least 25 beds, and it is desirable to have a department for postpartum diseases. The shelter should be called the “City Free Maternity Shelter named after Agrippina Alekseevna Abrikosova” and serve to satisfy the poor class of the urban population.”

To this day it is one of the best maternity hospitals in Moscow. After the revolution, he was given the name N.K. Krupskaya, who, by the way, unlike Agrippina Alekseevna, had no children at all. In 1994, its historical name was returned, and now it is City Maternity Hospital No. 6 named after A. A. Abrikosova.

Of the 22 Abrikosov children, 17 lived to a respectable age. And only four sons followed the path of developing their father’s business.

Ivan Alekseevich took over the management of his father's main company. Expanding his father’s business, in the late 1870s he bought several large sugar factories, opened a branch of the factory in Simferopol, moved the main production to Sokolniki in 1880 and opened a whole network of Abrikosov branded retail stores throughout Russia. Now the company's products could be bought in Moscow in the Solodovnikovsky passage on Kuznetsky, in the Upper Trading Rows (now GUM), on Tverskaya and Lubyanka, as well as in St. Petersburg on Nevsky Prospekt, in Kyiv on Khreshchatyk, in Odessa on Deribasovskaya. The company's wholesale warehouses opened in both capitals, as well as in Odessa and at the Nizhny Novgorod Fair. Through the efforts of Ivan Alekseevich, the secret of the famous foreign “glazed fruits” was revealed, the production of which was quickly established at Abrikosov enterprises. Under him, the company won several times at the All-Russian Art and Industrial Exhibition, thanks to which it was “mercifully allowed to be called a supplier to the court of His Imperial Majesty.”

Vladimir Alekseevich Abrikosov became the director of the tea partnership of the Popov brothers, a controlling stake in which was purchased during the life of Alexei Ivanovich. In addition, he headed the “Confectionery Workshop of V. A. Abrikosov,” located in the very center of Moscow, on the very spot where the monument to Yuri Dolgoruky now stands. The workshop was one of the main partners... of the Abrikosov Partnership. This was the tax evasion scheme at that time: the partnership paid tax on balance sheet profit, and the workshop only had to pay a “fixed fee” once a year and receive a “fishing certificate” for this.

Georgy Alekseevich in different time was a director of various family firms and, among other things, headed the board of the Partnership for the F. M. Shemyakin and Co. (Alekseevskaya street, own house), bought by the brothers for the occasion.

Nikolai Alekseevich, although he was on the board of directors of the family company, did not show any interest in the confectionery business. He was a real intellectual, fluent in five languages, graduated from Moscow University and the Sorbonne in Paris, a close friend of the famous lawyer A.F. Koni, a permanent honorary member of the Moscow Psychological Society, the author of numerous articles in the journal “Questions of Philosophy and Psychology”, which he published together with his brother Alexei.

However, the glory of the Apricot dynasty is by no means limited to these names. It starts with them.

Alexey Ivanovich Abrikosov, the son of Ivan Alekseevich, became the world's most famous pathologist, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, one of the doctors who embalmed the bodies of Lenin and Stalin. His daughter, Maria Alekseevna Abrikosova, was for a long time the chief doctor of the USSR rowing team. And the son, Alexey Alekseevich Abrikosov, became a famous theoretical physicist, academician, laureate of the Lenin and State Prizes, director of the Institute of High Pressure Physics named after. L. F. Vereshchagina USSR Academy of Sciences. Ivan Alekseevich’s second son, Dmitry Ivanovich Abrikosov, was ambassador to Japan - the last ambassador Tsarist Russia

and the first ambassador of Soviet Russia. Ivan Alekseevich's daughter, Anna, and her cousin and husband Vladimir, the son of Vladimir Alekseevich Abrikosov, converted to Catholicism at the beginning of the last century and became the first Russian Catholic new martyrs. Vladimir, who accepted the priesthood in 1922, was sentenced to death, which in was replaced by deportation from the country. Anna (in Catholicism - Catherine) organized the first female monastic community of Dominicans of the third order in Moscow in her apartment. She did not want to go abroad with her husband. In 1923 she was arrested and exiled to Tobolsk. She died in 1936 in Moscow’s Butyrka prison, without ever renouncing her faith. The son of Nikolai Alekseevich, Khrisanf Nikolaevich, was from 1902 to 1910 personal secretary

and confidant of Count Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. Sergei Nikolaevich Abrikosov was the director of a family confectionery factory and was the chairman of the Moscow Society of Confectionery Manufacturers. Andrey Lvovich Abrikosov became famous actor Vakhtangov Theater, People's Artist of the USSR. Many remember his colorful figure from the films "

Quiet Don

", "Alexander Nevsky", "Ilya Muromets", "Ivan the Terrible". The last of the known heirs of the family, Dmitry Abrikosov, now works as the chief artist in the Russian representative office of a large foreign publishing company. were created precisely at those enterprises where workers were treated most humanely. In 1905, for example, the centers of the revolutionary movement were: in Presnya - the Prokhorovskaya Trekhgornaya manufactory, which paid workers the maximum hourly wages in the country, in Derbenevka - the Emil Zindler calico factory, which built a school, a hospital and a “people's house” for the workers, and in Sokolniki - Abrikosov factory. This is despite the fact that Abrikosov workers did not live in barracks, as was customary, but in comfortable dormitories, they had free hospitals, canteens, libraries and schools at their service, products were sold to them for ten percent of cost, and on holidays they received gifts from their owners factories, and on weekends the latest films were shown for them in a specially equipped cinema hall.

In November 1918, the factory was nationalized. Or rather, it was called “nationalized”. In fact, during nationalization, the state pays compensation to the owner for the selected enterprises. In this case, Abrikosov’s heirs did not receive anything, so it was pure expropriation. In December of the same year, a five-member factory committee moved into the vacant administration offices.

Alexey Ivanovich Abrikosov
Acting State Councilor.

A.I. Abrikosov - commercial advisor (1874), hereditary honorary citizen (since 1870), member of the council of the Moscow Practical Academy of Commercial Sciences (1862),Chairman of the Council of the Moscow Practical Academy of Commercial Sciences (1876 -1897) , Elected member of the Moscow merchant society (1863-1883), Member of the Moscow City Duma (1863-1881), member of the Moscow branch of the Commercial Council (1863), member of the Accounting and Loan Committee of the Moscow office of the State Bank (1871-1873 .), member of the committee to provide assistance to the families of those killed in the war between Russia and Turkey (1877-1886), member of the Moscow branch of the Council of Trade and Manufactures (1884), member of the Audit Committee (1886-1892),
Founder of the Moscow Accounting Bank (MUB) (from 1870 a member of its board, in 1882-1902 chairman of the board), the Moscow Merchant Mutual Credit Society (in 1875-1876 a member of the board), the Anchor Insurance Company; tenant and owner of a number of beet sugar factories in the south of Russia.

Perennial headman of the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary on Pokrovka (now does not exist).

State Councilor (1886), Actual State Councilor (1896),holder of many state Imperial orders.

Agrippina Aleksandrovna Abrikosova
(born Musatova) (1832-1901).

A.A. Abrikosova is the daughter from the third marriage of the merchant of the 2nd guild, honorary citizen (since 1840) Alexander Borisovich Musatov (1797-?). Agrippina's grandfather was a member of the Moscow merchant class since 1780.Her family owned the largest tobacco and lipstick factories in Moscow. On April 24, 1849 she married A.I. Abrikosova and brought him a dowry of 5 thousand rubles. She was actively involved in charitable activities. On her initiative, at the factory of the Partnership A.I. Abrikosov's Sons was opened free of charge kindergarten; in 1889 she established the first free maternity hospital and women's hospital in Moscow. In 1902, according to the will of A.A. Abrikosova Moscow received one hundred thousand rubles for the construction of a new free maternity hospital named after the donor. Opened in 1906 on 2nd Miusskaya Street. and became the best in the city in terms of equipment and personnel. After 1917, he bore the name N.K. Krupskaya. In 1994, through the efforts of descendants and the participation of doctors working there, the name of its founder, A.A., was returned to the maternity hospital. Abrikosova, a memorial plaque was installed in 1996.

A.I. and AA. The Abrikosovs are buried in the cemetery of the Alekseevsky Monastery on Verkhnyaya Krasnoselskaya Street.

After October revolution the cemetery was destroyed. The monastery buildings were rebuilt and used for economic needs. . .

Children of A.I. and A.A. APRICOTOVS.

Here's to a long happy married lifeAlexey Ivanovich and Argippina Alexandrovna Abrikosov 22 children were born.

3. Alexander (1852-1860, died at the age of eight),

12. Varvara (1863, died in infancy),

16. Konstantin (1868, died in infancy),

18. Victor (1870-1873, died at the age of three),

21. Margarita (1877, died in infancy),

Alexander, Ekaterina, Nadezhda and Vera Abrikosov (1891)

“...In one of the central quiet lanes of Moscow, almost all the houses belonged to grandfather and almost the whole family lived in this lane.

In the center there was an old mansion, surrounded by a garden and a courtyard with outbuildings, in which the grandparents lived, first with their unmarried sons and unmarried daughters, and then together with numerous servants."

Now in this house: "State Russian House of Folk Art",
Sverchkov lane 8, building 3.

Former house of A.I. Abrikosov in Moscow.

Alexey Ivanovich was the church warden of the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary on Pokrovka for many years. The temple was located a stone's throw from A.I.'s house. Abrikosova.

Temple of the Assumption Holy Mother of God on Pokrovka, built in 1696-1699 G.

The outstanding merits of the monument served as the basis for the legend about the special guard placed by Napoleon at the church in order to protect it from fire and looting.

Nowadays this temple does not exist - like many unique architectural and cultural monuments - the Church of the Assumption on Pokrovka was destroyed in the 30s of the 20th century. The place is empty. . .

Dear friends!

Notes and additions to the tree
Alexey Ivanovich and Agrippina Alexandrovna Abrikosov
please send to:
E-mail: abrikosov-sons @ mail.ru or [email protected]
with the note - “Addition to the tree of A.I. Abrikosova".

In Russia there are many family dynasties with a rich and glorious history. Their secret is that each generation makes its contribution to preserving traditions and multiplying the family’s achievements.

A representative of one of these glorious families is the descendant of the confectionery manufacturers Abrikosovs.

From the serf to the Supplier of the Court of His Imperial Majesty

The Abrikosov dynasty began in the 18th century in the Penza province, where an ordinary serf Stepan Nikolaev worked in one of the lordly farms. With his ability to prepare apricot marshmallows and plum jam, he earned permission to go to Moscow “for quitrent” and was able to organize a small confectionery workshop.

Thanks to the open business, Stepan saved up money and bought freedom for himself and his family, not realizing that he was thereby laying the foundation for a future grandiose family enterprise. Already at the age of 75, he acquired the right to belong to the merchant class, which was inherited by his sons Ivan and Vasily.

In 1814, they officially received the surname Abrikosov, and ten years later, the eldest, Ivan, had a son, Alexei, who was destined to become the founder of the largest confectionery factory in Russia.

But the Abrikosov merchants were not always successful. In the early 1840s, they went bankrupt, their property was sold off, and Alexei Ivanovich, at the age of 14, had to take on the smallest job - an errand boy in one of the Moscow offices.

While the elder Abrikosovs did not give up hope of restoring the lost business, he worked hard and in almost ten years achieved a solid position, opened a small confectionery company for his father and married Agrippina Aleksandrovna Musatova, the daughter of a tobacco manufacturer. The significant dowry he received was used to develop the family enterprise.

Alexey Ivanovich was passionate about his business and independently purchased fresh fruits and berries for confectionery production. True, at that time it was exclusively manual, and a little more than 20 people worked in the workshop.

Every year the factory expanded, and the influence of its leader also increased: Alexey Ivanovich became a merchant of the first guild, a holder of many medals and orders, a prominent homeowner and a member of several large commercial organizations.

In the early 1870s, the factory turned into a full-fledged mechanized enterprise that produced over 500 tons of confectionery products per year.

The family business needed successors and was transferred by Alexey Ivanovich to the next generation of Abrikosovs - sons Nikolai and Ivan. However, they were not the only heirs.

During the years of marriage, 22 children were born into the family of Alexei Ivanovich and Agrippina Alexandrovna.

One of the 12 daughters, the thirteenth oldest Agrippina, the great-grandmother of Georgy Alexandrovich Leman, subsequently married Adolf Adolfovich Leman, who served as an engineer at the Abrikosov factory.

Under the leadership of Ivan Alekseevich, sugar factories were acquired into family ownership, a branch was opened in Crimea, and branded stores appeared throughout the country. By that time, there was no longer any doubt that the Abrikosovs were the No. 1 confectionery dynasty in the empire. It was their factory that more than once became the winner of the All-Russian Art and Industrial Exhibition and received the right to be called a Supplier of the Court of His Imperial Majesty.

By the beginning of the 20th century, the production employed about 600 people and annually produced thousands of tons of sweets, caramel, chocolate, marmalade and other confectionery products.

After the revolution, the factory was nationalized and renamed Babaevskaya, and the Abrikosovs were forced to leave the family business. However, the history of the family name did not end there.

Unknown facets of the Abrikosov dynasty

The Abrikosovs are primarily known as a confectionery dynasty with a 200-year history, but even before the revolution, some family members chose a different career for themselves.

So, Ivan Alekseevich’s brothers, Nikolai and Alexey published Science Magazine“Questions of Philosophy and Psychology”, on whose pages articles by Vladimir Solovyov, Nikolai Berdyaev, Vasily Rozanov were published.

One of the sons of Nikolai Alekseevich Abrikosov, Khrisanf, was L.N.’s personal secretary. Tolstoy, later became a professional agronomist, candidate of agricultural sciences and published several monographs on beekeeping issues.

In turn, his son Ilya Khrisanfovich Abrikosov chose the profession of petroleum geologist and reached amazing heights in it. Doctor of Science, professor, adviser to the Prime Minister of Syria, order bearer and author of numerous articles and books on geology, he discovered Olkhovskoye oil deposit and took direct part in intelligence work in the USSR and beyond.

Many descendants of the Abrikosov merchants became scientists, doctors, and engineers. Thus, the son of Ivan Alekseevich Abrikosov, Alexey, was an outstanding Soviet pathologist, professor, doctor of science, academician. In his second marriage, he had a son, Alexey, who later became director of the Institute of High Pressure Physics. L.F. Vereshchagin Academy of Sciences of the USSR/RAN, laureate Nobel Prize in physics.

But some Abrikosovs chose a creative path for themselves. Vladimir Alekseevich Abrikosov was a member of the Council of the Tretyakov Gallery and collected a collection of Russian paintings for the museum. Klavdia Alekseevna married a doctor. Her son Sergei Sergeevich Zayaitsky was a translator, poet, writer, and fiction writer.

Alexandra Alekseevna became the wife of Roman Romanovich Malmberg, director of the tea company “Association of Brothers K. and S. Popov”. The fate of their grandchildren after the revolution was not easy.

Thus, Nikolai Aleksandrovich Solodovnikov, a writer and artist, was repeatedly subjected to repression. Granddaughter - Anna Alexandrovna Jurgens - emigrated to Belgium and was a soloist at the Royal Opera in Brussels. Alexander Aleksandrovich Solodovnikov occupied a prominent place among Russian spiritual poets, but his life was overshadowed by arrests and exiles in the 1930s.

The son of Anna Alekseevna and Fyodor Mikhailovich Shemyakin, the owner of a large Moscow woodworking factory, Mikhail was fond of painting and was a student of V.A. Serov and K.A. Korovina. A number of his works are in the Tretyakov Gallery.

Agrippina Alekseevna and Adolf Adolfovich Leman had three children. The younger Nikolai worked at the Toy Institute in Zagorsk as a designer and artist, creating the first post-revolutionary play sets made of wood and papier-mâché, and illustrations for children's books.