History of New Year's toys for children presentation. Presentation on the topic "New Year's toys." Glass – handmade

The presentation for children of senior preschool age "The History of New Year's Christmas Tree Decorations" contains material about the emergence and preservation in Russia of the tradition of creating Christmas tree decorations and decorating green beauties with them

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History of New Year's Christmas tree decorations History of New Year's tree decorations

New Year's beauty

The first Christmas trees appeared in Russia a long time ago, but they were not decorated, but began to do so a little later, repeating the European fashion. There were no Russian-made Christmas decorations at that time; they were ordered from Europe. Even then, Christmas tree decorations were clearly divided into decorations for the wealthy and for those who were poorer. Buying a glass toy for a resident of Russia at that time was the same as buying a car for a modern Russian today. Christmas balls were heavy, since they learned to make thin glass only at the beginning of the 20th century

What kind of toys used to decorate the Christmas tree? Glass Cardboard

Cotton Porcelain

The first glass toys in Russia began to be made in Klin before the First World War. There, artel craftsmen blew glass products for pharmacies and other needs. But during the war years, captured Germans taught them how to blow balls and beads. The Klin factory “Yolochka”, by the way, to this day remains the only factory in Russia that makes beads for Christmas trees.

In addition to glass, toys were made from cardboard. Toys glued together from two halves of convex tinted cardboard made wonderful toys.

There were also toys made of cotton wool wound onto a wire frame: this is how figures of children, angels, clowns, and sailors were decorated. Fake fruits made of papier-mâché and velvet were hung on the Christmas trees.

Christmas tree decorations reflected the history of our country. If it was wartime, then Christmas tree decorations were made like this - airplanes, various military vehicles. They even painted military battles on balloons.

When peacetime came, the toys immediately turned into magical fakirs, fairy-tale characters

In houses and Christmas trees In animals

To the stars To fruits and vegetables

And, of course, lots of colorful balls!

Christmas tree of your fathers and mothers, grandfathers and grandmothers

Nowadays the Christmas tree is most often decorated with balls

And handmade toys

And now there are unusual Christmas trees made from balloons

Christmas tree growing from the ceiling

The Christmas tree is covered in lanterns

Christmas tree made from ties Christmas tree made from pencils

But the most beautiful Christmas tree is the one decorated with different toys!

Guys, love, store, appreciate and take care of toys! It’s so wonderful when we are all surrounded by BEAUTY!

During the Patriotic War, Christmas trees at the fronts were decorated with figurines made from shoulder straps, bandages, and socks. Toys were also produced, in limited quantities, of course. Decorating the Christmas tree for the New Year was mandatory; this ritual reminded of a peaceful life and gave strength to hope for a quick victory. “Military” Christmas trees were decorated with “soldiers,” “tanks,” “pistols,” and “orderly dogs”; even Santa Claus beat the Nazis on New Year's cards...

By the 19th century, glass toys occupied the main niche in the production of holiday products. The glassblower blew the workpiece through a glass tube heated red-hot on a gas burner. When it reached the desired size, one end was sealed. Then it was cooled, immersed in colored varnish or silver nitrite, painted by hand, rhinestones and sparkles were glued onto it, and a so-called “cap” with a loop was attached.

In the 1980s, the production of mass-produced toys that did not feature original design ideas continued. Balloons of a wide variety of colors, silver and gold plating, with glued flowers and stars. “Bumps”, as if sprinkled with sugar.

Jewelers have created a New Year's toy to decorate the holiday tree. The price of this jewelry exceeded all expectations. This Christmas tree toy is recognized as the most expensive in the world. The Christmas tree decoration was encrusted with rubies and diamonds. The price of this product is dollars.

On September 18, 2008, the unique, only in Russia Museum of Christmas tree decorations - “Klinskoye Compound” - opened! "Klin Compound" is a museum of Christmas tree decorations in the town of Klin near Moscow. This museum is young and so far the only one in Russia. The museum is located in a nice modern mansion.

The largest collection of Christmas tree decorations belongs to American Kim Balashak, who has been living in Moscow for more than ten years. Her collection numbers just over 2,500 Soviet Christmas tree decorations. It is Balashak who represents Russia in the international organization of Christmas tree decoration collectors “Golden Glow”.

Slide 1

Completed by an 11th grade student of Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 2 in Pechora, Maria Kaneva
History of Soviet New Year's toys.

Slide 2

A little from the history of the New Year in the USSR...
At the dawn of the formation of the Soviet Union (in 1927), as part of an anti-religious campaign, the Bolsheviks banned the Christmas tree and Christmas tree decorations. “Only he who is a friend of the priests is ready to celebrate the Christmas tree.” (Propaganda slogan of the 1920s) “The guys are being deceived that Santa Claus brought them gifts. The religiosity of the children begins with the Christmas tree. The ruling exploiting classes also use the “cute” Christmas tree and the “kind” Santa Claus in order to make obedient and patient servants of capital out of the working people.” (“Materials for anti-religious propaganda during Christmas”, 1927)

Slide 3

New Year traditions returned only in 1935. From a letter from candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks Pavel Postyshev, published by the Pravda newspaper on December 28, 1935: “In pre-revolutionary times, the bourgeoisie and bourgeoisie officials always arranged a Christmas tree for their children for the New Year. The children of the workers looked through the window with envy at the Christmas tree sparkling with multi-colored lights and the children of the rich having fun around it. Why do our schools, orphanages, nurseries, children's clubs, palaces of pioneers deprive the working children of the Soviet country of this wonderful pleasure? Some, no less than “leftist” killers, denounced this children’s entertainment as a bourgeois undertaking. This wrongful condemnation of the Christmas tree, which is a wonderful entertainment for children, must come to an end. Let’s organize a fun New Year’s Eve for children, let’s arrange a good Soviet Christmas tree in all cities and collective farms.”

Slide 4

That same year in November, Stalin, at the first congress of Stakhanovites, said his famous phrase: “Life has become better, life has become more fun, comrades!” In general, the Christmas tree, which was so unexpectedly allowed, became a confirmation of the happy life of the proletariat, a joyful childhood, as well as school uniforms (girls began to wear white aprons and brown dresses to school, and boys - blue suits) and many other seemingly insignificant details .

Slide 5

Soviet New Year's toys.
In the 1930s and 1940s, New Year trees were decorated with homemade or handicraft toys purchased at the market. In schools and kindergartens, children learned to make New Year's decorations from cotton wool, cardboard, papier-mâché, cut out paper garlands, and assemble structures from tubes and bugles on wire.

Slide 6

Factory-made jewelry at that time was a luxury item and a great rarity, but their mass production was gradually being established. The Moskabel plant was one of the first to establish serial production of New Year's toys made of wire.

Slide 7

Using New Year's toys from the times of the USSR, you can literally study the history of our country. Figures of children, fairy-tale characters, clowns, ballerinas, strange birds and animals, fruits and vegetables, of course, remain from pre-revolutionary times.
But the angels were replaced by bright symbols of the Soviet era: balls with a hammer and sickle, “ruby” stars, athletes and pioneers with red flags, Budenovites, Red Army soldiers, women in padded jackets and scarlet headscarves.

Slide 8

In addition to patriotic propaganda symbols, “classic stories” from the school curriculum were very popular: Ivan Tsarevich, the Mistress of the Copper Mountain, Ruslan and Lyudmila, Brother Rabbit and Brother Fox, Little Red Riding Hood, Puss in Boots, Crocodile with Totosha and Kokosha, Doctor Aibolit.

Slide 9

With the release of the film “The Circus” (in 1936), circus-themed figures became popular: clowns, tigers, trained dogs, other animals, illusionists, fakirs and entertainers.

Slide 10

The development of the North was marked by the appearance of figures of polar explorers.
A separate theme in the history of the Soviet New Year's toy is the theme of the war in Spain. In 1938, a glass ball was released containing two planes, one of which was diving the other.

Slide 11

The era of aeronautics also found its worthy reflection in Christmas tree decorations in the form of airships, airplanes, parachutes and parachutists with the inscription “USSR”.

Slide 12

During Soviet times, the “image” of the Soviet Father Frost was also developed. Our Father Frost began to resemble the bourgeois Santa Claus only with a gray beard, fur clothes and a red bag of gifts. Otherwise, the Soviet Father Frost does not look like a plump gnome, he is a tall, mature hero. Father Frost's fur coat, unlike Santa Claus's, goes down to his heels and is girded not with a belt, but with a sash. On his head, Santa Claus has a hat with an even edge without any tassels or pompoms. The hands are in huge mittens, and the feet are wearing either red boots or “patriotic” felt boots.
And Father Frost arrives not on reindeer, but on a Russian troika... And not alone, but with a charming young lady - Snegurochka, who has no analogues in any country.

Slide 13

During the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), decorating the New Year tree was mandatory - it reminded the soldiers of peaceful life, gave strength and hope for a quick victory. At the same time, at the fronts, the Christmas trees were decorated with figurines made from shoulder straps, bandages, and socks. Factories also continued to produce New Year's toys, albeit in limited editions. “Military” Christmas trees were decorated with “soldiers”, “tanks”, “Stalin’s armored cars”, “pistols”, “orderlies”, and on New Year’s greeting cards from the Second World War, Santa Claus beat the Nazis...

In the 1960s, “cobs of corn” and “sheaves of wheat” were hung on Christmas trees.

Slide 17

Since nothing “monumental” has happened in the history of the Soviet Union since Brezhnev times, there are significantly fewer themed toys. New Year's decorations gradually became more abstract. In addition, with the advent of fashion for minimalism and avant-garde, Christmas tree decorations have become simpler. The figures became more and more rounded, and the paintings became simpler.

The history of the appearance of New Year's toys Completed by: Lidiya Litovchenko, student of class 6 “A” of the Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution of Irkutsk Secondary School No. 77 Supervisor: Konstantinova E. O.

Project goal: Find out the history of the appearance of New Year's toys in different historical periods

Objectives: Find out what the first toys were in Russia. Learn how New Year's toys were made. Determine when the tradition of decorating the New Year tree began.

The history of the emergence of the New Year tradition In ancient times, the Celtic peoples had a custom of worshiping natural forces. It was believed that living nature was inhabited by various supernatural creatures, and in order to receive their help, it was necessary to make sacrifices, thus proving one’s respect. They believed that spirits lived in the branches of trees, the location of which determined the harvest and fertility.

The first toys So, the first Christmas tree decorations were exclusively edible. These included apples, potatoes, eggs, nuts, waffles, gingerbread, figured sugar and candy. This is no coincidence. All edible decorations meant something.

The history of the appearance of the New Year's ball According to legend, there was once a lean year, and there were few apples. Then glassblowers from the town of Lauscha in Thuringia in 1848 proposed a temporary replacement for this fruit. There the first glass balls were made from transparent and colored glass. They immediately won hearts, so that very soon their production became a massive and profitable business. A decree was issued on the use of silver balls from Lausha as Christmas decorations.

New Year in Russia In Russia, the custom of celebrating the New Year on the night of December 31 to January 1 was introduced by Peter I, and he also ordered that the spruce tree become the symbol of the New Year.

Variety of New Year's toys

Museum of Christmas Tree Decorations On September 18, 2008, the unique and only Museum of Christmas Tree Decorations in Russia - “Klinskoe Compound” - opened! "Klin Compound" is a museum of Christmas tree decorations in the town of Klin near Moscow. This museum is young and so far the only one in Russia. The museum is located in a nice modern mansion.

Have you ever seen such Christmas trees?

Conclusion Having studied the literature on this issue, I came to the conclusion that initially New Year's toys were not the same as they are now. During the research, I studied the history of the emergence of the tradition of decorating a Christmas tree and the process of making Christmas tree decorations. All the tasks I set were completed.

References Andreeva E.L. Christmas toys. [Electronic resource] Museum of Christmas tree decorations “Klin Compound”. Date of visit: 01/10/2013. Time: 14.41. Access mode: http://www.klinvk.ru/history.html. Zhdanova L.I. Christmas tree toys. Do it yourself. – M.: Khatber-press, 2007 – 265 p. Elizarova E.M. [Electronic resource] Educational magazine School of Life. Ru. Date of visit: 02/12/2013. Time: 10.35. Access mode: http://shkolazhizni.ru/archive/0/n-32853/. Salnikova A.A. The history of Christmas tree toys. – M.: New Literary Review, 2011 – 384 p. The history of the New Year's toy. [Electronic resource] KostromaMa. Ru. Date of visit: 01/14/2013. Time: 11/12. Access mode: http://www.kostromama.ru/articles/holidays/article/Istoriia_novogodneii_igruschki.html