1 rule of the right hand. What is the left and right hand rule in physics. Simple tricks for remembering gimlet rules
From experimental classes According to physics, we can conclude that the magnetic field affects charged particles in motion, and, consequently, current-carrying conductors. Impact force magnetic field on a current-carrying conductor is called the Ampere force, and its vector direction establishes the left-hand rule.
Ampere's power is in right proportional dependence on the induction of the magnetic field, the current strength in the conductor, the length of the conductor and the angle of the magnetic field vector relative to the conductor. The mathematical writing of this relationship is called Ampere's law:
F A =B*I*l*sinα
Based on this formula, we can conclude that at α=0° (parallel position of the conductor) the force F A will be zero, and at α=90° (perpendicular direction of the conductor) it will be maximum.
The properties of the force acting on a conductor with an electric current in a magnetic field were described in detail in the works of A. Ampere.
If the Ampere force acts on the entire conductor with a passing current (flow of charged particles), then an individual moving positively charged particle is under the influence of the Lorentz force. The Lorentz force can be expressed through F A by dividing this value by the number of moving charges inside the conductor (concentration of charge carriers).
In a magnetic field, under the influence of the Lorentz force, the charge moves in a circle, provided that the direction of its movement is perpendicular to the induction lines.
The Lorentz force is calculated using the following formula:
F L =q*v*B*sinα
After conducting a series of physical experiments using magnetic poles, as a source of a uniform magnetic field. and frames with current, one can observe a change in the behavior of the frame (it is pushed or pulled into the zone of propagation of the magnetic field) when not only the direction of charged particles changes, but also when the orientation of the poles changes. Thus, the magnetic induction vector, the velocity vector of charged particles (current direction) and the force vector are in close interaction and are mutually perpendicular.
To determine the direction of work of the Lorentz and Ampere forces, you should use the rule of the left hand: “If the palm of the left hand is rotated so that the magnetic field lines enter it at right angles, and the outstretched fingers are located in the direction of the electric current (the direction of movement of particles with a positive charge) , then the direction of the force will be indicated by the perpendicularly moved thumb.”
This simplified formulation allows you to quickly and accurately determine the direction of any unknown vector: force, current or magnetic field induction lines.
The left hand rule applies when:
- the direction of the force on positively charged particles is determined (for negatively charged particles the direction will be opposite);
- the magnetic field induction lines and the velocity vector of charged particles form an angle different from zero (otherwise the force will not act on the conductor).
In a uniform magnetic field, the current-carrying frame is positioned so that the magnetic field lines pass through its plane at right angles.
If a magnetic field is formed around a linear conductor with current, then it is considered inhomogeneous (variable in time and space). In such a field, the current-carrying frame will not only be oriented in a certain way, but will also be attracted to the current-carrying conductor or pushed beyond the limits of the magnetic field. The behavior of the frame is determined by the direction of the currents in the conductor and the frame. The frame with current always rotates along the radius of the induction lines of the inhomogeneous magnetic field.
If we consider two conductors with currents moving in the same direction, then using the left-hand rule we can establish that the force acting on the right conductor will be directed to the left, while the force acting on the left conductor will be directed to the right. Consequently, it turns out that the forces acting on the conductors are directed towards each other. It is this conclusion that explains the attraction of conductors with unidirectional currents.
If the current in two parallel conductors flows in opposite directions, then active forces will be directed in different directions. This will cause the two conductors to repel each other.
A current-carrying frame placed in a non-uniform magnetic field is subjected to forces different directions, causing it to rotate. The operating principle of the electric motor is based on this phenomenon.
The application of the left hand rule has great practical significance and is a consequence of repeated experiments that reveal the nature of the magnetic field.
Video about the left hand rule
DETERMINING THE DIRECTION OF MAGNETIC FIELD LINES
GILMET RULE
for a straight conductor with current
— serves to determine the direction of magnetic lines (magnetic induction lines)
around a straight conductor carrying current.
If the direction of translational movement of the gimlet coincides with the direction of the current in the conductor, then the direction of rotation of the gimlet handle coincides with the direction of the magnetic field lines of the current.
Let's say the current-carrying conductor is located perpendicular to the plane of the sheet:
1. direction email. current from us (into the plane of the sheet)
According to the gimlet rule, the magnetic field lines will be directed clockwise.
Then, according to the gimlet rule, the magnetic field lines will be directed counterclockwise.
RIGHT HAND RULE
for a solenoid (i.e. a coil with current)
- serves to determine the direction of magnetic lines (magnetic induction lines) inside the solenoid.
If you cup the solenoid with your palm right hand so that four fingers are directed along the current in the turns, then the extended thumb will show the direction of the magnetic field lines inside the solenoid.
1. How do 2 coils with current interact with each other? 
2. How are the currents in the wires directed if the interaction forces are directed as in the figure?
3. Two conductors are parallel to each other. Indicate the direction of the current in the LED conductor.
I'm looking forward to solutions at the next lesson at "5"!
It is known that superconductors (substances that have practically zero energy at certain temperatures) electrical resistance) can create very strong magnetic fields. Experiments have been carried out to demonstrate similar magnetic fields. After cooling the ceramic superconductor with liquid nitrogen, a small magnet was placed on its surface. The repulsive force of the superconductor's magnetic field was so high that the magnet rose, hovered in the air and hovered over the superconductor until the superconductor, heating up, lost its extraordinary properties.
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MAGNETIC FIELD
is a special type of matter through which interaction occurs between moving electrically charged particles.
PROPERTIES OF (STATIONARY) MAGNETIC FIELD
Permanent (or stationary) A magnetic field is a magnetic field that does not change over time.
1. Magnetic field is created moving charged particles and bodies, current-carrying conductors, permanent magnets.
2. Magnetic field valid on moving charged particles and bodies, on conductors with current, on permanent magnets, on a frame with current.
3. Magnetic field vortex, i.e. has no source.
- these are the forces with which current-carrying conductors act on each other.
. 
is the strength characteristic of the magnetic field.
The magnetic induction vector is always directed in the same way as a freely rotating magnetic needle is oriented in a magnetic field.
SI unit of magnetic induction:
MAGNETIC INDUCTION LINES
- these are lines tangent to which at any point is the magnetic induction vector.
Uniform magnetic field- this is a magnetic field in which at any point the magnetic induction vector is constant in magnitude and direction; observed between the plates of a flat capacitor, inside a solenoid (if its diameter is much smaller than its length) or inside a strip magnet.
Magnetic field of a straight conductor carrying current:
where is the direction of the current in the conductor towards us perpendicular to the plane of the sheet,
- the direction of the current in the conductor away from us is perpendicular to the plane of the sheet.
Solenoid magnetic field:
Magnetic field of a strip magnet:
- similar to the magnetic field of a solenoid.
PROPERTIES OF MAGNETIC INDUCTION LINES
- have a direction;
- continuous;
-closed (i.e. the magnetic field is vortex);
- do not intersect;
— their density is used to judge the magnitude of magnetic induction.
DIRECTION OF MAGNETIC INDUCTION LINES
- determined by the gimlet rule or the right hand rule.
Gimlet rule (mostly for a straight conductor carrying current):
Right hand rule (mainly for determining the direction of magnetic lines
inside the solenoid):
There are other possible applications of the gimlet and right hand rules.
is the force with which a magnetic field acts on a current-carrying conductor.
Ampere power module equal to the product current strength in the conductor per module of the magnetic induction vector, the length of the conductor and the sine of the angle between the magnetic induction vector and the direction of the current in the conductor.
Ampere's force is maximum if the magnetic induction vector is perpendicular to the conductor.
If the magnetic induction vector is parallel to the conductor, then the magnetic field has no effect on the current-carrying conductor, i.e. Ampere's force is zero.
The direction of the Ampere force is determined by left hand rule:
If the left hand is positioned so that the component of the magnetic induction vector perpendicular to the conductor enters the palm, and 4 extended fingers are directed in the direction of the current, then the thumb bent 90 degrees will show the direction of the force acting on the current-carrying conductor.
or 
EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON A FRAME WITH CURRENT
A uniform magnetic field orients the frame (i.e., a torque is created and the frame rotates to a position where the magnetic induction vector is perpendicular to the plane of the frame).
A non-uniform magnetic field orients + attracts or repels the current-carrying frame.
Thus, in the magnetic field of a straight conductor with current (it is non-uniform), the frame with current is oriented along the radius of the magnetic line and is attracted or repelled from the straight conductor with current, depending on the direction of the currents.
Remember the topic “Electromagnetic phenomena” for grade 8:
Right hand rule
When a conductor moves in a magnetic field, a directed movement of electrons is created in it, that is electric current, which is due to the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction.
To determine direction of electron movement Let's use the left-hand rule we know.
If, for example, a conductor located perpendicular to the drawing (Figure 1) moves along with the electrons it contains from top to bottom, then this movement of electrons will be equivalent to an electric current directed from bottom to top. If the magnetic field in which the conductor moves is directed from left to right, then to determine the direction of the force acting on the electrons, we will have to place our left hand with the palm to the left so that the magnetic lines of force enter the palm, and with four fingers up (against the direction of movement conductor, i.e. in the direction of the “current”); then the direction of the thumb will show us that the electrons in the conductor will be acted upon by a force directed from us to the drawing. Consequently, the movement of electrons will occur along the conductor, i.e., from us to the drawing, and the induction current in the conductor will be directed from the drawing to us.
Figure 1. The mechanism of electromagnetic induction. By moving a conductor, we move along with the conductor all the electrons contained in it, and when moving electric charges in a magnetic field, a force will act on them according to the left-hand rule.
However, the left-hand rule, which we applied only to explain the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, turns out to be inconvenient in practice. In practice, the direction of the induction current is determined according to the right hand rule(Figure 2).
Figure 2. Right hand rule. The right hand is turned with the palm towards the magnetic lines of force, the thumb is directed in the direction of movement of the conductor, and four fingers indicate in which direction the induced current will flow.
Right hand rule is that, if you place your right hand in a magnetic field so that the magnetic lines of force enter the palm, and the thumb indicates the direction of movement of the conductor, then the other four fingers will show the direction of the induced current arising in the conductor.
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A simple explanation of the gimlet rule
Explanation of the name
Most people remember mention of this from a physics course, namely the electrodynamics section. This happened for a reason, because this mnemonic is often given to students to simplify their understanding of the material. In fact, the gimlet rule is used both in electricity, to determine the direction of the magnetic field, and in other sections, for example, to determine angular velocity.
A gimlet is a tool for drilling small diameter holes in soft materials, for modern man It would be more common to use a corkscrew as an example.
Important! It is assumed that the gimlet, screw or corkscrew has a right-hand thread, that is, the direction of its rotation when tightened is clockwise, i.e. to the right.
The video below provides the full formulation of the gimlet rule, be sure to watch it to understand the whole point:
How is the magnetic field related to the gimlet and hands?
In physics problems, when studying electrical quantities, one is often faced with the need to find the direction of the current from the magnetic induction vector and vice versa. These skills will also be required when solving complex tasks and calculations of systems connected by a magnetic field.
Before we begin to consider the rules, I want to remind you that current flows from a point with a higher potential to a point with a lower one. It can be said more simply - the current flows from plus to minus.
The gimlet rule has the following meaning: when the tip of the gimlet is screwed in along the direction of the current, the handle will rotate in the direction of vector B (the vector of magnetic induction lines).
The right hand rule works like this:
Place your thumb as if you were showing “cool!”, then turn your hand so that the direction of the current and the finger coincide. Then the remaining four fingers will coincide with the magnetic field vector.
A visual analysis of the right hand rule:
To see this more clearly, conduct an experiment - scatter metal shavings on paper, make a hole in the sheet and thread a wire, after applying current to it, you will see that the shavings will group into concentric circles.
Magnetic field in a solenoid
All of the above is true for a straight conductor, but what if the conductor is wound into a coil?
We already know that when current flows around a conductor, a magnetic field is created, a coil is a wire coiled into rings around a core or mandrel many times. The magnetic field in this case increases. The solenoid and the coil are, in principle, the same thing. The main feature is that the magnetic field lines run in the same way as in the situation with a permanent magnet. The solenoid is a controlled analogue of the latter.
The right hand rule for the solenoid (coil) will help us determine the direction of the magnetic field. If you hold the coil in your hand with four fingers facing in the direction the current is flowing, then your thumb will point to vector B in the middle of the coil.
If you twist a gimlet along the turns, again in the direction of the current, i.e. from the “+” terminal to the “-” terminal of the solenoid, then the sharp end and the direction of movement correspond to the magnetic induction vector.
In simple words, wherever you twist the gimlet, the magnetic field lines come out. The same is true for one turn (circular conductor)
Determining the direction of current with a gimlet
If you know the direction of vector B - magnetic induction, you can easily apply this rule. Mentally move the gimlet along the direction of the field in the coil with the sharp part forward, respectively, clockwise rotation along the axis of movement will show where the current flows.
If the conductor is straight, rotate the corkscrew handle along the indicated vector, so that this movement is clockwise. Knowing that it has a right-hand thread - the direction in which it is screwed in coincides with the current.
What is connected with the left hand
Do not confuse the gimlet and the left hand rule; it is needed to determine the force acting on the conductor. The straightened palm of the left hand is located along the conductor. The fingers point in the direction of the flow of current I. Field lines pass through the open palm. The thumb coincides with the force vector - this is the meaning of the left hand rule. This force is called the Ampere force.
You can apply this rule to an individual charged particle and determine the direction of the 2 forces:
Imagine that a positively charged particle is moving in a magnetic field. The lines of the magnetic induction vector are perpendicular to the direction of its movement. You need to place your open left palm with your fingers in the direction of the movement of the charge, vector B should penetrate the palm, then the thumb will indicate the direction of vector Fa. If the particle is negative, the fingers point against the direction of the charge.
If any point was unclear to you, the video clearly shows how to use the left-hand rule:
Important to know! If you have a body and a force acts on it that tends to turn it, turn the screw in this direction and you will determine where the moment of force is directed. If we are talking about angular velocity, then the situation here is like this: when the corkscrew rotates in the same direction as the rotation of the body, it will screw in the direction of the angular velocity.
It is very easy to master these methods of determining the direction of forces and fields. Such mnemonic rules in electricity greatly facilitate the tasks of schoolchildren and students. Even a full teapot can deal with a gimlet if he has opened wine with a corkscrew at least once. The main thing is not to forget where the current flows. I repeat that the use of a gimlet and the right hand is most often successfully used in electrical engineering.
You probably don't know:
Left and Right Hand Rules
The right hand rule is a rule used to determine the vector of magnetic field induction.
This rule is also called the “gimlet rule” and “screw rule”, due to the similarity of the operating principle. It is widely used in physics, as it allows one to determine the most important parameters - angular velocity, moment of force, angular momentum - without the use of special instruments or calculations. In electrodynamics, this method allows you to determine the vector of magnetic induction. 
Gimlet rule
Rule of the gimlet or screw: if the palm of the right hand is placed so that it coincides with the direction of the current in the conductor under study, then the forward rotation of the handle of the gimlet (thumb of the palm) will directly indicate the vector of magnetic induction.
In other words, you need to screw in a drill or a corkscrew with your right hand to determine the vector. There are no particular difficulties in mastering this rule.
There is another variation of this rule. Most often, this method is simply called the “right-hand rule.”
It sounds like this: to determine the direction of the induction lines of the created magnetic field, you need to take the conductor with your hand so that your thumb left at 90 degrees shows the direction of the current flowing through it. 
There is a similar option for the solenoid.
In this case, you should grasp the device so that the fingers of your palm coincide with the direction of the current in the turns. The protruding thumb in this case will show where the magnetic field lines come from.
Right hand rule for moving conductor
This rule will also help in the case of conductors moving in a magnetic field. Only here you need to act a little differently.
The open palm of the right hand should be positioned so that the field lines enter it perpendicularly. The extended thumb should point in the direction of movement of the conductor. With this arrangement, the extended fingers will coincide with the direction of the induction current.
As we can see, the number of situations where this rule really helps is quite large.
First rule of the left hand
It is necessary to place the left palm in such a way that the field induction lines enter it at a right angle (perpendicular). The four outstretched fingers of the palm should coincide with the direction of the electric current in the conductor. In this case, the extended thumb of the left palm will show the direction of the force acting on the conductor. 
In practice, this method allows you to determine the direction in which a conductor with an electric current passing through it, placed between two magnets, will begin to deviate.
Second rule of the left hand
There are other situations where you can use the left-hand rule. In particular, to determine the forces with a moving charge and a stationary magnet.
Another left hand rule says: The palm of the left hand should be positioned so that the induction lines of the created magnetic field enter it perpendicularly. The position of the four extended fingers depends on the direction of the electric current (along the movement of positively charged particles, or against negative ones). The protruding thumb of the left hand in this case will indicate the direction of the Ampere force or the Lorentz force.
The advantages of the right and left hand rules are precisely that they are simple and allow you to accurately determine important parameters without the use of additional instruments. They are used both in conducting various experiments and tests, and in practice when it comes to conductors and electromagnetic fields.
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The gimlet rule or right hand rule was first formulated by Peter Buravchik. It determines the direction of the magnetic field strength, which
is located straight to the current-carrying conductor.
The main rule that is used in variants of the screw or gimlet rule and in the formulation of the right-hand rule is the rule for choosing direction vector product and bases. It is quite simple to remember: if a gimlet with a right-hand thread is screwed in in the direction of the current, then the direction of rotation of the handle of the gimlet itself coincides with the direction of the magnetic field that is excited by the current (Fig. 1).
It is necessary to clasp the conductor with your right hand so that the thumb shows the direction of the current, then the remaining fingers will show the lines of magnetic induction that go around this conductor and the fields that are created by the current, as well as the direction of the magnetic induction vector, which is directed everywhere tangent to the lines. If a current is passed through a wire, a magnetic field will also arise around the wire.
If the wire consists of several turns and the axes of these turns coincide, then it is called a solenoid (Fig. 2).
rice. 2
The magnetic field is excited when current passes through one turn (winding) of the solenoid. Its direction depends on the direction of the current.
The presented field of the solenoid rings is very similar to the field of a permanent magnet. The direction of the solenoid field lines can be determined using the gimlet rule as well as the right hand rule. A freely rotating magnetic needle, placed near a conductor with a current that forms a magnetic field, tends to take a perpendicular position to the plane that runs along it.
Right hand rule for the solenoid: if you grasp the solenoid with your right hand so that four fingers indicate the direction of the current in the turns, then the thumb will indicate the direction of the magnetic field lines in the solenoid itself.
When the translational movement of the gimlet coincides with the direction of the current in the conductor, then the rotational movements of the gimlet handle will indicate the directions of the magnetic field lines that arise around the conductor. If the right hand is positioned so that all the magnetic field lines enter it, and the thumb is placed in the direction of movement of the conductor, then the four fingers will indicate the direction of the induction current.
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A simple explanation of the gimlet rule
Explanation of the name
Most people remember mention of this from a physics course, namely the electrodynamics section. This happened for a reason, because this mnemonic is often given to students to simplify their understanding of the material. In fact, the gimlet rule is used both in electricity, to determine the direction of the magnetic field, and in other sections, for example, to determine angular velocity.
A gimlet is a tool for drilling small-diameter holes in soft materials; for a modern person, it would be more common to use a corkscrew as an example.
Important! It is assumed that the gimlet, screw or corkscrew has a right-hand thread, that is, the direction of its rotation when tightened is clockwise, i.e. to the right.
The video below provides the full formulation of the gimlet rule, be sure to watch it to understand the whole point:
How is the magnetic field related to the gimlet and hands?
In physics problems, when studying electrical quantities, one is often faced with the need to find the direction of the current from the magnetic induction vector and vice versa. These skills will also be required when solving complex problems and calculations involving magnetic field systems.
Before we begin to consider the rules, I want to remind you that current flows from a point with a higher potential to a point with a lower one. It can be said more simply - the current flows from plus to minus.
The gimlet rule has the following meaning: when the tip of the gimlet is screwed in along the direction of the current, the handle will rotate in the direction of vector B (the vector of magnetic induction lines).
The right hand rule works like this:
Place your thumb as if you were showing “cool!”, then turn your hand so that the direction of the current and the finger coincide. Then the remaining four fingers will coincide with the magnetic field vector.
A visual analysis of the right hand rule:
To see this more clearly, conduct an experiment - scatter metal shavings on paper, make a hole in the sheet and thread a wire, after applying current to it, you will see that the shavings will group into concentric circles.
Magnetic field in a solenoid
All of the above is true for a straight conductor, but what if the conductor is wound into a coil?
We already know that when current flows around a conductor, a magnetic field is created, a coil is a wire coiled into rings around a core or mandrel many times. The magnetic field in this case increases. The solenoid and the coil are, in principle, the same thing. The main feature is that the magnetic field lines run in the same way as in the situation with a permanent magnet. The solenoid is a controlled analogue of the latter.
The right hand rule for the solenoid (coil) will help us determine the direction of the magnetic field. If you hold the coil in your hand with four fingers facing in the direction the current is flowing, then your thumb will point to vector B in the middle of the coil.
If you twist a gimlet along the turns, again in the direction of the current, i.e. from the “+” terminal to the “-” terminal of the solenoid, then the sharp end and the direction of movement correspond to the magnetic induction vector.
In simple words, wherever you twist the gimlet, the magnetic field lines come out. The same is true for one turn (circular conductor)
Determining the direction of current with a gimlet
If you know the direction of vector B - magnetic induction, you can easily apply this rule. Mentally move the gimlet along the direction of the field in the coil with the sharp part forward, respectively, clockwise rotation along the axis of movement will show where the current flows.
If the conductor is straight, rotate the corkscrew handle along the indicated vector, so that this movement is clockwise. Knowing that it has a right-hand thread - the direction in which it is screwed in coincides with the current.
What is connected with the left hand
Do not confuse the gimlet and the left hand rule; it is needed to determine the force acting on the conductor. The straightened palm of the left hand is located along the conductor. The fingers point in the direction of the flow of current I. Field lines pass through the open palm. The thumb coincides with the force vector - this is the meaning of the left hand rule. This force is called the Ampere force.
You can apply this rule to an individual charged particle and determine the direction of the 2 forces:
Imagine that a positively charged particle is moving in a magnetic field. The lines of the magnetic induction vector are perpendicular to the direction of its movement. You need to place your open left palm with your fingers in the direction of the movement of the charge, vector B should penetrate the palm, then the thumb will indicate the direction of vector Fa. If the particle is negative, the fingers point against the direction of the charge.
If any point was unclear to you, the video clearly shows how to use the left-hand rule:
Important to know! If you have a body and a force acts on it that tends to turn it, turn the screw in this direction and you will determine where the moment of force is directed. If we are talking about angular velocity, then the situation here is like this: when the corkscrew rotates in the same direction as the rotation of the body, it will screw in the direction of the angular velocity.
It is very easy to master these methods of determining the direction of forces and fields. Such mnemonic rules in electricity greatly facilitate the tasks of schoolchildren and students. Even a full teapot can deal with a gimlet if he has opened wine with a corkscrew at least once. The main thing is not to forget where the current flows. I repeat that the use of a gimlet and the right hand is most often successfully used in electrical engineering.
You probably don't know:
MAGNETIC FIELD
is a special type of matter through which interaction occurs between moving electrically charged particles.
PROPERTIES OF (STATIONARY) MAGNETIC FIELD
Permanent (or stationary) A magnetic field is a magnetic field that does not change over time.
1. Magnetic field is created moving charged particles and bodies, current-carrying conductors, permanent magnets.
2. Magnetic field valid on moving charged particles and bodies, on conductors with current, on permanent magnets, on a frame with current.
3. Magnetic field vortex, i.e. has no source.
- these are the forces with which current-carrying conductors act on each other.
.
is the strength characteristic of the magnetic field.
The magnetic induction vector is always directed in the same way as a freely rotating magnetic needle is oriented in a magnetic field.
SI unit of magnetic induction:
MAGNETIC INDUCTION LINES
- these are lines tangent to which at any point is the magnetic induction vector.
Uniform magnetic field- this is a magnetic field in which at any point the magnetic induction vector is constant in magnitude and direction; observed between the plates of a flat capacitor, inside a solenoid (if its diameter is much smaller than its length) or inside a strip magnet.
Magnetic field of a straight conductor carrying current:
where is the direction of the current in the conductor towards us perpendicular to the plane of the sheet,
- the direction of the current in the conductor away from us is perpendicular to the plane of the sheet.
Solenoid magnetic field:
Magnetic field of a strip magnet:
- similar to the magnetic field of a solenoid.
PROPERTIES OF MAGNETIC INDUCTION LINES
- have a direction;
- continuous;
-closed (i.e. the magnetic field is vortex);
- do not intersect;
— their density is used to judge the magnitude of magnetic induction.
DIRECTION OF MAGNETIC INDUCTION LINES
- determined by the gimlet rule or the right hand rule.
Gimlet rule (mostly for a straight conductor carrying current):
Right hand rule (mainly for determining the direction of magnetic lines
inside the solenoid):
There are other possible applications of the gimlet and right hand rules.
is the force with which a magnetic field acts on a current-carrying conductor.
The ampere force module is equal to the product of the current strength in the conductor by the magnitude of the magnetic induction vector, the length of the conductor and the sine of the angle between the magnetic induction vector and the direction of the current in the conductor.
Ampere's force is maximum if the magnetic induction vector is perpendicular to the conductor.
If the magnetic induction vector is parallel to the conductor, then the magnetic field has no effect on the current-carrying conductor, i.e. Ampere's force is zero.
The direction of the Ampere force is determined by left hand rule:
If the left hand is positioned so that the component of the magnetic induction vector perpendicular to the conductor enters the palm, and 4 extended fingers are directed in the direction of the current, then the thumb bent 90 degrees will show the direction of the force acting on the current-carrying conductor.
or
EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON A FRAME WITH CURRENT
A uniform magnetic field orients the frame (i.e., a torque is created and the frame rotates to a position where the magnetic induction vector is perpendicular to the plane of the frame).
A non-uniform magnetic field orients + attracts or repels the current-carrying frame.
Thus, in the magnetic field of a straight conductor with current (it is non-uniform), the frame with current is oriented along the radius of the magnetic line and is attracted or repelled from the straight conductor with current, depending on the direction of the currents.
Remember the topic “Electromagnetic phenomena” for grade 8:
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Determining the direction of magnetic field lines. The gimlet rule. Right hand rule
GIMLE RULE for a straight conductor carrying current
— serves to determine the direction of magnetic lines (magnetic induction lines)
around a straight conductor carrying current.
If the direction of translational movement of the gimlet coincides with the direction of the current in the conductor, then the direction of rotation of the gimlet handle coincides with the direction of the magnetic field lines of the current.
Let's say the current-carrying conductor is located perpendicular to the plane of the sheet:
1. direction email. current from us (into the plane of the sheet)
According to the gimlet rule, the magnetic field lines will be directed clockwise.
Then, according to the gimlet rule, the magnetic field lines will be directed counterclockwise.
RIGHT HAND RULE for the solenoid, i.e. current coils
- serves to determine the direction of magnetic lines (magnetic induction lines) inside the solenoid.
If you clasp the solenoid with the palm of your right hand so that four fingers are directed along the current in the turns, then the extended thumb will show the direction of the magnetic field lines inside the solenoid.
1.How do 2 coils with current interact with each other?
2. How are the currents in the wires directed if the interaction forces are directed as in the figure?
3. Two conductors are parallel to each other. Indicate the direction of the current in the LED conductor.
I'm looking forward to solutions at the next lesson at "5"!
It is known that superconductors (substances that have practically zero electrical resistance at certain temperatures) can create very strong magnetic fields. Experiments have been carried out to demonstrate similar magnetic fields. After cooling the ceramic superconductor with liquid nitrogen, a small magnet was placed on its surface. The repulsive force of the superconductor's magnetic field was so high that the magnet rose, hovered in the air and hovered over the superconductor until the superconductor, heating up, lost its extraordinary properties.
The right and left hand rule in physics: application in everyday life
Having entered adult life, few people remember school course physics. However, sometimes it is necessary to delve into your memory, because some knowledge acquired in your youth can greatly facilitate the memorization of complex laws. One of these is the right and left hand rule in physics. Using it in life allows you to understand complex concepts (for example, determine the direction of the axial vector with a known basis). Today we will try to explain these concepts and how they work in a language accessible to the common man who graduated long ago and forgot unnecessary (as it seemed to him) information.
Read in the article:
Formulation of the gimlet rule
Peter Buravchik is the first physicist to formulate the left-hand rule for various particles and fields. It is applicable both in electrical engineering (helps determine the direction of magnetic fields) and in other fields. It will help, for example, determine the angular velocity.
The gimlet rule (right hand rule) - this name is not associated with the name of the physicist who formulated it. The name is more based on a tool that has a certain direction of the screw. Usually a gimlet (screw, corkscrew) has a so-called The thread is right-handed, the drill enters the ground clockwise. Let's consider the application of this statement to determine the magnetic field.
You need to clench your right hand into a fist, raising your thumb up. Now let's loosen the other four a little. They are the ones who tell us the direction of the magnetic field. In short, the gimlet rule has the following meaning - by screwing the gimlet along the direction of the current, we will see that the handle rotates in the direction of the line of the magnetic induction vector.
The right and left hand rule: application in practice
Considering the application of this law, let's start with the right-hand rule. If the direction of the magnetic field vector is known, using a gimlet you can do without knowing the law of electromagnetic induction. Let's imagine that the screw moves along the magnetic field. Then the direction of current flow will be “along the thread,” that is, to the right.
Let us pay attention to a permanent controlled magnet, an analogue of which is a solenoid. At its core, it is a coil with two contacts. It is known that current moves from “+” to “-”. Based on this information, we take the solenoid in our right hand in such a position that 4 fingers indicate the direction of current flow. Then the extended thumb will indicate the vector of the magnetic field.
Applying the Right Hand Rule to a Solenoid
Left hand rule: what can be determined by using it
Do not confuse the rules of the left hand and the gimlet - they are intended for completely different purposes. With the help of your left hand you can determine two forces, or rather, their direction. This:
Let's try to figure out how it works.
Application for Ampere power
Left hand rule for Ampere force: what is it?
Place your left hand along the conductor so that your fingers are directed in the direction the current flows. The thumb will point in the direction of the Ampere force vector, and the magnetic field vector will be directed in the direction of the hand, between the thumb and index finger. This will be the left-hand rule for ampere power, the formula of which looks like this:
Left hand rule for Lorentz force: differences from the previous one
We position the three fingers of the left hand (thumb, index and middle) so that they are at right angles to each other. The thumb, directed in this case to the side, will indicate the direction of the Lorentz force, the index finger (pointed down) will indicate the direction of the magnetic field (from north pole to the south), and the middle one, located perpendicularly away from the large one, is the direction of the current in the conductor.
The formula for calculating the Lorentz force can be seen in the figure below.
Conclusion
Once you understand the rules of the right and left hands, the dear reader will understand how easy it is to use them. After all, they replace knowledge of many laws of physics, in particular electrical engineering. The main thing here is not to forget the direction of current flow.
Using your hands you can determine many different parameters
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Physics test Left hand rule. Detection of a magnetic field by its effect on electric current for 9th grade students with answers. The test includes 10 multiple-choice questions.
1. The direction of current in magnetism coincides with the direction of movement
1) electrons
2) negative ions
3) positive particles
4) none of the answers is correct
2. The square frame is located in a uniform magnetic field as shown in the figure. The direction of the current in the frame is indicated by arrows.
The force acting on the bottom side of the frame is directed
3. Electric circuit, consisting of four straight horizontal conductors (1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-1) and a direct current source, is in a uniform magnetic field, the lines of force of which are directed vertically upward (see figure, top view) .
1) horizontally to the right
2) horizontally to the left
3) vertically up
4) vertically down
4. An electrical circuit consisting of four straight horizontal conductors (1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-1) and a direct current source is in a uniform magnetic field, the lines of which are directed horizontally to the right (see figure, top view ).
5. The operation of an electric motor is based on
1) the effect of a magnetic field on a conductor carrying electric current
2) electrostatic interaction of charges
3) the phenomenon of self-induction
4) action electric field to electric charge
6. The main purpose of the electric motor is to convert
1) mechanical energy into electrical energy
2) electrical energy into mechanical energy
3) internal energy into mechanical energy
4) mechanical energy in various types energy
7. The magnetic field acts with a non-zero force on
1) atom at rest
2) resting ion
3) an ion moving along magnetic induction lines
4) an ion moving perpendicular to the magnetic induction lines
8. Select the correct statement(s).
A. to determine the direction of the force acting on a positively charged particle, four fingers of the left hand should be placed in the direction of the particle’s speed
B. to determine the direction of the force acting on a negatively charged particle, four fingers of the left hand should be placed opposite the direction of the particle’s speed
1) only A
2) only B
3) both A and B
4) neither A nor B
9. A positively charged particle with a horizontally directed velocity v
1) Vertically down
2) Vertically up
3) On us
4) From us
10. A negatively charged particle with a horizontally directed velocity v, flies into the field region perpendicular to the magnetic lines. Where is the force acting on the particle directed?
1) Contact us
2) From us
3) Horizontally to the left in the drawing plane
4) Horizontally to the right in the drawing plane
Answers to a physics test Left-hand rule Detection of a magnetic field by its effect on an electric current
1-3
2-4
3-2
4-3
5-1
6-2
7-4
8-3
9-4
10-2
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