Option 1.

A1. Earlier than other countries bourgeois revolution happened in:

the Netherlands

1. Germany

A2. IN political life England played a big role:

Martin Luther

Georges Danton

King Louis XVI

Queen Elizabeth Tudor

A3. During the Renaissance, an idea arose:

The impact of competition on the country's economy

Revolutionary destruction of absolutism

Divine nature of power

Humanism

A4. An enterprise based on manual labor and division of labor is called:

Manufactory

Workshop

A5. Absolutism is a system of government in which:

The state is ruled by the king elected by the people

Destructive wars of “all against all” are being waged

The sovereign power of the monarch is unlimited

The monarch acts according to the constitution

A6. Supporters of the Reformation demanded:

Confiscate the church's land holdings

Increase the number of church holidays

Expand monastic land ownership

Subjugate all national lands to Rome

A7. The Titan of the Renaissance was called:

Voltaire

Leonardo da Vinci

Charles Montesquieu

Pieter Bruegel the Elder

A8. In a factory, as opposed to a manufactory:

Labor productivity was higher

A small number of workers worked

There was no specialization

Manual labor dominated

A9. When was the American Declaration of Independence created?

A10. The name "coup of 9 Thermidor" means:

Adoption of a new revolutionary calendar

Establishment of power of Napoleon Bonaparte

Overthrow Jacobin dictatorship

Beginning of the Reformation

B1. What segments of the population were interested in the Great Geographical Discoveries? Indicate two correct answers out of five proposed.

Hired workers

Peasants

Separation of crafts from agriculture

Dominance of subsistence farming

The struggle to rebuild the church

Industrial Revolution

Crusades

________

A. Reformation	1) ideological movement based on the dominance of reason
B. Enlightenment	2) an era in history and culture, the main idea of ​​which is humanism
B. Revival	3) movement for the reconstruction of the church
	4) the teachings of John Calvin

A) storming of the Bastille

B) the beginning of the Reformation

B) “closure” of Japan

D) education of Holland

Answer:______________________________

C1. List at least 3 reasons for the Reformation and at least 3 of its events

C2. Compare the US Constitution with the French Constitution of 1791, indicate what was common and what was different. Present your answer in the form of a table.

Differences
US Constitution	French Constitution of 1791

Test work for the course “History of Modern Times 1500-1800.” »

Option 2.

A1. Earlier than other countries, the industrial revolution began in:

Germany

A2. During the Enlightenment, the idea first arose:

Separation of powers into legislative, executive and judicial

The importance of observations and experience for the study of natural phenomena

The highest value of a person as an individual

The struggle of peasants against feudal lords

A3. In an industrial society, unlike a traditional one:

A legal state is being formed

Craft production emerges

Subsistence farming dominates

Religious worldview strengthens

A4. As a result of the development of industrial civilization, a social class appears:

bourgeoisie

Feudal lords

Peasants

A5. A form of government in which the government is responsible to representative body, and not before the king:

Protectorate

Absolute monarchy

Limited monarchy

Parliamentary republic

A6. The reason that caused the beginning of the Reformation:

End of the Crusades

Construction of new temples

Duty to Believe in God

Selling indulgences

A7. Manufactory and factory are united by the following characteristic:

Availability private property workers for tools

Existence of mechanical production

Use of hired labor

No division of labor

A8. The history of the Great French Revolution includes the concept:

Guillotine

Tread

"Boston Tea Party"

Iconoclastic movement

A9. About what historical figure we're talking about?

He once circumnavigated Africa.

For the first time I circumnavigated it by sea.

He drowned a hundred times, but he bent it and bent it.

And he went around, going down in history forever.

Martin Luther

Bartolomeu Dias

Ferdinand Magellan

Erasmus of Rotterdam

A10. The pan-European war of the 18th century, during which the Russian army took Berlin, was called:

Northern

Centennial

Seven years old

Thirty years old

B1. What are the consequences of the Great Geographical Discoveries? Please indicate two correct answers out of five given.

Expansion of international trade

Expanding Europeans' understanding of the world

Beginning of the use of coal and iron ore

Increasing influence catholic church

Improving the situation of the masses

Answer:_____________________________________________

B2. What events/processes took place during the New Age? Please indicate two correct answers out of five given.

The beginning of feudal fragmentation

Great geographical discoveries

The emergence of Christianity

Beginning of religious wars

Secularization of consciousness

Answer:______________________________________________

B3. Establish a correspondence between the concept and definition. One element of the left column corresponds to one element of the right.

A) Counter-Reformation	1)an industrial enterprise based on the use of machines and equipment
B) absolutism	2)measures of the Catholic Church aimed at combating Protestants
B) factory	3) Estates-representative body in France
	4) a form of government in which power unlimitedly belongs to one person - the monarch

Answer:_____________________________________

Q4. Place the events in the correct chronological order. Provide your answer in alphabetical order:

A) Adoption of the US Constitution

B) Discovery of America by Columbus

B) Establishment of the Directory in France

D) Conclusion of the Augsburg religious peace

Answer:_____________________________________

C1. Indicate at least 3 reasons for the Great French Revolution and at least 3 of its events.

C2. Compare the views of the Enlightenment and the Renaissance. Indicate what was common and what was different. Present your answer in the form of a table.

Analysis Test work for 7th grade in the course “History of Modern Times 1500-1800.”

This work provides tasks for basic, advanced and high level complexity. They are arranged according to the principle from simple in part A to complicated in part B and complex, requiring a detailed answer in part C.

This work will take 40-45 minutes to complete.

Part A contains multiple choice questions. With their help, knowledge of dates, facts, concepts and terms is tested, characteristic features historical phenomena, causes and consequences of events, which relates to basic level knowledge of 7th grade students.

Part B consists of more difficult tasks with an open answer (word, date, chronological sequence, correspondence between concept and definition, selection of several correct answer options), which allow you to test your ability to classify and systematize facts.

Part C contains tasks of increased complexity with open-ended, detailed answers. They are aimed at a comprehensive test of students’ knowledge, skills and abilities: systematize, generalize, compare, and the ability to identify cause-and-effect relationships of historical phenomena and processes.

Each correctly completed task in Part A is worth 1 point. (total 10 points)

Each correctly completed task in Part B is worth 2 points. (Task B3 can be scored 1 point if the student completed two out of 3 positions correctly.) (total 8 points)

Part C tasks are assessed comprehensively. C1 and C2 are scored 1 point for each correct position (6 in total in C1) and a maximum of 8 in C2. (total 14 points)

Total: 30 points

100-90% of correctly completed work score “5”

89-70% of correctly completed work grade “4”

69-50% of correctly completed work score “3”

Less than 50% of correctly completed work score “2”

Modern history (1500–1800). 7th grade

1487- expedition of the Portuguese Bartolomeu Dias. In search of a sea route to India, Europeans first circumnavigated Africa from the south.

1492- Christian capture of the Emirate of Granada, the last Arab state to Iberian Peninsula). End of the Reconquista.

1492- Discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. American lands entered the sphere of geographical ideas; there was a revision of the medieval worldview; the creation of colonial empires, the mass extermination of the indigenous population and the death of the civilizations of the peoples of America began.

1498- Vasco da Gama's expedition reached India, pioneering sea ​​route from Europe to South Asian countries.

1509–1547- reign of the English king Henry VIII. Carrying out the Reformation. Secularization of monastic lands, increasing ruin of the peasants. A publication for the fight against vagrants and beggars of the “Bloody Legislation”.

1517– in Martin Luther’s speech with the “95 Theses”, the denial of the basic dogmas of the Catholic Church, the proclamation of the thesis of “justification by faith alone” and authority Holy Scripture, the idea of ​​independence of the secular state from the Catholic Church). The beginning of the Reformation in Germany.

1519–1521- first trip around the world Spanish expedition led by the Portuguese Ferdinand Magellan.

1519–1556- the reign of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, from 1516 - the Spanish king (Carlos I).

Under the banner of Catholicism, he tried to implement a plan to create a “world Christian power.” He fought wars with France and the Ottoman Empire. He was defeated in the fight against the German Protestant princes. After the conclusion of the Augsburg religious peace with them in 1555, he abdicated the throne. 1520–1566– board Turkish Sultan Suleiman I the Magnificent. Period of supreme political power Ottoman Empire. Conquest of part of the Hungarian Kingdom, Transcaucasia, Mesopotamia, Arabia, the territory of Tripoli and Algeria.

1524–1526- Peasant War in Germany. Suppressed by troops.

1526- Founding of the Mughal Empire in India.

1534- Beginning of the Reformation in England. In response to the Pope's refusal to allow King Henry VIII's divorce from his first wife Catherine of Aragon English parliament freed the Church of England from subordination to Rome and, with the “Act of Supremacy,” proclaimed the king the head of the church.

1534- Founding of the Catholic monastic order “Society of Jesus” by Ignatius of Loyola.

1555– The religious peace of Augsburg between the German Protestant princes and Emperor Charles V. Ended the wars between Catholics and Protestants. He established the right of princes to determine the religion of their subjects according to the principle “whose country is their faith,” and recognized Lutheranism as the official religion (along with Catholicism). Contributed to strengthening the power of the princes.

1556–1598- reign of the Spanish king Philip II. Contributed to the strengthening of Spanish absolutism. Increased oppression in the Netherlands. He supported the Inquisition. Waged wars with England and France. Annexed Portugal to Spain in 1581.

1558–1603– board Queen of England Elizabeth I Tudor. The strengthening of absolutism, the restoration of the Anglican Church.

1562–1598- religious wars in France between Catholics and Huguenots. With the actual accession of Henry IV to the French throne in 1594, hostilities largely ended. The Edict of Nantes (1598) ended the religious wars.

1569- conclusion of the Union of Lublin. The unification of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into one state - the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

1572, August 24– St. Bartholomew's Night: massacre of Huguenots by Catholics in Paris, organized by Catherine de' Medici and Guise.

1 566-1609 – Dutch bourgeois revolution. It combined the anti-feudal struggle with the national liberation war against Spain, whose dominance hampered the development of capitalist relations in the country. It took place under the banner of Calvinism. Milestones: popular Iconoclastic uprising of 1566, general uprising of 1572 in the northern provinces, uprising of 1576 in the southern provinces, creation of the Union of Utrecht (1579).

The revolution ended with the liberation of the northern provinces from Spanish domination (the territory of the modern state of the Netherlands) and the formation of the bourgeois Republic of the United Provinces of the Netherlands (the southern provinces were recaptured by Spain in 1585). The bourgeoisie, merchants and new nobles came to power in the Dutch Republic, and obstacles to the development of capitalism disappeared. Calvinism became the state religion.

1579- Union of Utrecht. Formed a union of the seven northern provinces of the Netherlands to fight against Spain and internal feudal-Catholic reaction. Laid the foundations of the Republic of the United Provinces of the Netherlands.

1588– formation of the Republic of the United Provinces of the Netherlands. Existed until 1795

1588- the death of the “Invincible Armada”, the fleet was caught in a storm, some of the ships crashed on the rocks, others were destroyed by the English fleet under the command of Admiral Francis Drake. The death of the Armada undermined the military-political power of Spain. England is turning into the “mistress of the seas.”

1589- end of the Valois dynasty in France. Beginning of the Bourbon dynasty.

1589–1610– board French king Henry IV (actually from 1594), first of the Bourbon dynasty. From 1562 King of Navarre Henry of Navarre). During the religious wars, the head of the Huguenots. After converting (1593) to Catholicism, Paris 1594) recognized him as king. Issued the Edict of Nantes in 1598. His policies contributed to the strengthening of absolutism. Killed by a Catholic fanatic.

1598- publication by the French king Henry IV of the Edict of Nantes: Catholicism remained the dominant religion, the Huguenots were granted freedom of religion and worship in cities except Paris and some others); they received certain political rights. The edict was partially revoked in 1629 and completely revoked by Louis XIV in 1685.

1600– accusation of heresy and burning in Rome by the Inquisition of Giordano Bruno, an Italian philosopher, astronomer and poet. He defended the concept of the infinity of the Universe and the countless number of worlds.

1600- founding of the English East India Company, a management organization English possessions in India and their operation.

1603–1867- reign of the Tokugawa shogun dynasty in Japan.

1603- end of the Tudor dynasty in England. Beginning of the Stuart dynasty.

1607- founding of the first permanent English settlement in Virginia (North America).

1609- recognition of Dutch independence by Spain.

1618–1648– Thirty Years' War (pan-European) between the Habsburg bloc (Spanish and Austrian Habsburgs, Catholic princes of Germany, supported by the papacy and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) and the anti-Habsburg coalition (German Protestant princes, France, Sweden, Denmark, supported by England, Holland and Russia). War periods: Czech (1618–1623), Danish (1625–1629), Swedish (163 -1635), Franco-Swedish (1635–1648). It ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The reactionary plans of the Habsburgs to create a “world empire” collapsed, and political hegemony passed to France.

1624–1642- reign of the first minister of the King of France, Cardinal Richelieu. He strengthened absolutism, deprived the Huguenots of political rights, and preserved their freedom of religion. He supported the German Protestant princes, Holland, Denmark, Sweden (enemies of the Habsburgs). In 1635 he involved France in Thirty Years' War.

30s XV II century – “closing” Japan (prohibiting the Japanese from leaving their country under threat death penalty and build large ships suitable for long-distance voyages, foreigners to visit Japan). Caused by the desire of the authorities to prevent the invasion of Japan by Europeans and the desire to preserve the old traditions and feudal orders intact. 1640–1660- English bourgeois revolution.

1640- convening of the Long Parliament by the English King Charles I. Carrying out reforms (destruction of royal courts that persecuted dissidents, securing the right of parliament to set taxes, adoption of a law on the dissolution of the House of Commons only with its consent, etc.). The beginning of the English bourgeois revolution.

1645, June- Battle of Naseby: defeat of the army of Charles I by the parliamentary army. Flight of the king (1646) to Scotland, his extradition to parliament.

1642–1646- first civil war in England between supporters of the Long Parliament and royalists.

1643–1715- the reign of the French king Louis XIV (“the sun king”). The apogee of French absolutism.

1644- establishment of the dominance of the Manchus in China, ruled until 1911).

1648- Peace of Westphalia. ended the Thirty Years' War of 1618–1648. Lay the foundations for new relations between states in Europe; established the principle of generally recognized borders of states; proclaimed the principle of religious tolerance in Germany.

1648- the second civil war in England between supporters of the Long Parliament and royalists.

1649–1652- conquest of Ireland by the English army.

1652–1654- Anglo-Dutch War. Started by Holland in response to the adoption of the “Navigation Act”. The Treaty of Westminster ended with the recognition of the “Navigation Act”).

1651- the publication of the “Navigation Act” allowed the import of foreign goods into England only on English ships or ships of those countries that produced the imported goods).

1652–1654- Anglo-Dutch War. Started by Holland in response to the adoption of the “Navigation Act”. 3 ended with the Treaty of Westminster recognizing the “Navigation Act”).

1653–1658- Cromwell’s protectorate (military dictatorship) in England: divided the country into 11 military districts led by lieutenant generals, suppressed the movements of equalizers, diggers, and royalist uprisings, confirmed the laws of the Long Parliament, banned the Church of England, expanded colonial expansion.

1660- restoration of the Stuart dynasty. Proclamation of Charles II as King. The end of the revolution in England.

1688- "Glorious Revolution" in England. Removal of Jacob II Stuart from the throne, transfer of royal power to the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange. Publication of the “Bill of Rights” (enshrined the supremacy of parliament in the field of legislation). Establishment of a parliamentary monarchy in England.

1700–1721 – Northern War(for the course of the war, see the history of Russia).

1701–1714- the war for the Spanish succession of the Franco-Spanish coalition with a coalition of England, Austria (Holy Roman Emperor), Holland, Portugal, Prussia and a number of small states of Germany and Italy. Ended with the signing of the Utrecht Treaty (1713) and Rastattsky (1714) peace treaties. Strengthening English maritime and colonial power.

1707– “Act of Union” between England and Scotland. Creation of Great Britain.

1739- capture of Delhi by the troops of the Iranian Shah Nadir.

1751– publication in France of the Encyclopedia of Sciences, Arts and Crafts.

1756–1763 – Seven Years' War between Austria, France, Russia, Spain, Saxony, Sweden and Prussia, Great Britain (in union with Hanover) and Portugal. Caused by the intensification of the Anglo-French struggle for colonies and the clash of Prussia’s aggressive policies with the interests of Austria, France and Russia. According to the Treaty of Huber-Tusburg in 1763 with Austria and Saxony, Prussia secured Silesia. According to the Paris Peace Treaty of 1763, Canada, East Louisiana, and most of French possessions in India. 1757- victory of the English East India Company over the Bengal army at the Battle of Plassey. Capture of Bengal. The beginning of the colonial conquest of India by Great Britain.

1757– “closure” of China (closure of all ports except Guangzhou for foreign trade). Caused by the desire to preserve the traditional foundations of society and protect the country from the colonialist policies of Western countries.

1765- creation of the mechanical spinning wheel “Jenny” by English weaver James Hargreaves. The beginning of the industrial revolution.

1773- "Boston Tea Party". The destruction of a large shipment of tea by the colonists, the closure of the Boston port, the prohibition of meetings of townspeople and the quartering of English soldiers in the city. Exacerbation of the conflict between the metropolis and the colonies.

1775–1783- War of Independence of the 13 British Colonies North America North American bourgeois revolution). Ended with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles 1783 British recognition of the independence and sovereignty of the United States).

1776, July 4– adoption of the Declaration of Independence of the United States by the Continental Congress. Proclaimed the separation of the colonies from the mother country and the formation of an independent state - the USA. July 4 is celebrated annually in the USA as Independence Day).

1784- James Watt's creation of the steam engine. It played a huge role in the transition to machine production, accelerated the development of old industries (such as textiles) and caused the emergence of new ones.

1787– adoption of the US Constitution – consolidated the republican system, turned the United States into a federation of states), provided for the separation of judicial, legislative and executive powers; at the head of the executive - the president, John Washington was elected as the first president), the highest legislative body is the US Congress. The amended constitution is still in force.

70-80s XVIII century- the beginning of the industrial revolution in England.

1789–1799- The Great French Revolution.

1789, August– the adoption by the Constituent Assembly of France of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, the proclamation of the sovereignty of the nation, the rule of law and inalienable human rights: freedom of personality, speech, conscience, equality of citizens before the law, the right to resist oppression, inviolability of private property).

1791 September- adoption by the Constituent Assembly of the first Constitution in the history of France, which limited the power of the king.

1792- overthrow of the monarchy in France. Proclamation of the Republic (First Republic).

1793- execution of the French king Louis XVII.

1793, June 2 – 1794, July 27- the period of the Jacobin dictatorship in France. Established as a result of a popular uprising on May 31 - June 2, 1793. All legislative and executive power is concentrated in the Convention and its committees.

A “suspicious” decree was adopted, prohibiting workers’ organizations, unions and strikes. Revolutionary terror has been established. Overthrown as a result of the Thermidorian coup on July 27 (9 Thermidor of the 2nd year of the Republic according to the revolutionary calendar).

1794- Thermidorian coup in France. The abolition of maximum prices, the beginning of counter-revolutionary terror.

1795–1799– board of the Directory (a board of 5 directors) in the First French Republic. She expressed the interests of the big bourgeoisie and carried out aggressive foreign policy. Overthrown by the coup d'état of the 18th Brumaire (November 9, 1799)

1796–1797- Italian campaign of General Napoleon Bonaparte. It ended with the signing of the Peace of Campoformia (Austria ceded the territory of the Austrian Netherlands to France and recognized the formation of the Cisalpine Republic, which included Lombardy).

1798–1801- the Egyptian campaign of the French expeditionary army of General Napoleon Bonaparte with the goal of conquering Egypt and preparing a base for an attack on British possessions in India. The defeat of the French fleet in August 1798 by Nelson's English squadron at Abukir. Napoleon's flight to France in October 1799. Capitulation of French troops in 18 1.

1799- coup of 18 Brumaire in France. Completion of the Great French Revolution. Creation of a new provisional government led by Napoleon Bonaparte.

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General history. Modern history, 1500-1800. 7th grade. Yudovskaya A.Ya. etc.

5 ed. - M.: 2017. - 320 p. 14th ed. - M.: 2012. - 304 p.

This edition of the textbook has been revised in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standards of the main general education. Taking into account modern scientific research, the main milestones of world history of 1500-1800 are considered: Great geographical discoveries, Renaissance, Reformation, the first revolutions of modern times, etc. Considerable attention is paid to the culture, life and customs of the era. The textbook uses a multi-level developmental teaching system, creative, design and research papers to each chapter.

Format: pdf (2017 , 320s.)

Size: 45 MB

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Format: djvu (2017 , 320s.)

Size: 22 MB

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Format: pdf (2014 , 320s.)

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Format: pdf (2012 , 304s.)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
From the authors 3
From the Middle Ages to the Modern Age 5
Chapter I. The world at the beginning of modern times. Great geographical discoveries. Revival. Reformation
§ 1. Technical discoveries and access to the World Ocean 9
§ 2. Meeting of worlds. Great geographical discoveries and their consequences 19
§ 3. Strengthening royal power in the XVI-XVII centuries. Absolutism in Europe 29
§ 4. The spirit of entrepreneurship transforms the economy 40
§ 5. European society in early modern times 50
§ 6. Daily life 57
§ 7. Great humanists of Europe 66
§ 8-9. World artistic culture Revival 75
§ 10. The birth of a new European science 90
§ 11. The beginning of the Reformation in Europe. Christianity Renewal 98
§ 12. Spread of the Reformation in Europe. Counter-Reformation 107
§ 13. Royalty and the Reformation in England. The struggle for supremacy of the seas 117
§ 14. Religious wars and the strengthening of the absolute monarchy in France 125
Let's sum it up 134
Chapter II. The first revolutions of modern times. International relations(struggle for primacy in Europe and in the colonies)
§ 15. War of liberation in the Netherlands. Birth of the Republic of the United Provinces 137
§ 16. Parliament against the king. Revolution in England 148
§ 17. The path to a parliamentary monarchy 160
§ 18-19. International relations in the XVI-XVIII centuries 171
Let's sum it up 182
Chapter III. Age of Enlightenment. Time for transformation
§ 20. Great educators of Europe 185
§ 21. The world of artistic culture of the Enlightenment 194
§ 22. On the way to the industrial era 207
§ 23. English colonies in North America 216
§ 24. War of Independence. Creation of the United States of America 226
§ 25. France in the 18th century. Causes and beginning of the French Revolution 236
§ 26. French Revolution. From monarchy to republic 249
§ 27. French Revolution. From the Jacobin dictatorship to the 18th Brumaire of Napoleon Bonaparte 263
Let's sum it up 273
Chapter IV. Traditional societies of the East. Beginning of European colonization
§ 28. States of the East: traditional society in the early modern era 276
§ 29-30. States of the East. Start European colonization 286
Let's sum it up 297
Conclusion 299
Dictionary of concepts and terms 303
Chronological table 310
Recommended reading 313
Internet resources on the history of modern times 316