Why Stalin gave up the title of hero of the Soviet Union. Awards of the Mongolian People's Republic What Stalin stood for

		The death mask of I.V. Stalin
		At the grave at the Kremlin wall
		At the grave (view 2)
		Bust in Mirny
		In Digora (North Ossetia)
		Bust in the museum of the city of Sumy
		Image in the Tsey gorge
		Bust in the museum of the city of Putivl
		Bust in Vladikavkaz
		Bust in s. Elkhotovo
		Bust in st. Zmeyskaya
		Memorial plaque in Vologda
		Bust in Vladimir
		Memorial plaque in Makhachkala
		Bust in Lipetsk

Stalin (Dzhugashvili) Iosif Vissarionovich - Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), Moscow.

Born on December 6 (18), 1878 (the official date for a long time was considered December 9 (21), 1879) in the city of Gori, Gori district, Tiflis province (now - the Shida-Kartli region, Georgia) in the family of a handicraft shoemaker. In 1894 he graduated from the Gori Theological School and entered the Tifliss (now Tbilisi) Orthodox Seminary, from which he was expelled in 1899 for revolutionary activity, went into an illegal position, and became a professional revolutionary. Member of the RSDLP / VKP (b) / KPSS since 1898.

During the period of underground revolutionary activity, he was repeatedly arrested and exiled.

At the 2nd All-Russian Congress of Soviets on October 26 (November 8) 1917 I.V. Stalin was elected to the first Soviet government as People's Commissar for Nationalities (1917-1922); at the same time in 1919-1922 he headed the People's Commissariat of State Control of the RSFSR, reorganized in 1920 into the People's Commissariat of the Workers 'and Peasants' Inspection (RKI).

During the Civil War and foreign military intervention of 1918-1920, I.V. Stalin carried out a number of important assignments of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) and the Soviet government: he was a member of the Revolutionary Military Council (RVS) of the Republic, one of the organizers of the defense of Petrograd, a member of the PBC of the Southern, Western, Southwestern Fronts, a representative of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee in the Council of Workers 'and Peasants' Defense.

After the end of the Civil War, he took part in the party's struggle for the restoration of the national economy, for the implementation of the New Economic Policy, for the strengthening of the alliance of the working class with the peasantry.

After the death of V.I. Lenin, since January 1924 I.V. Stalin participated in the development and implementation of the policy of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, plans for economic and cultural development, measures to strengthen the country's defense and the implementation of the foreign policy course of the party and the Soviet state.

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 20, 1939, he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the award of the Order of Lenin for exceptional services in organizing the Bolshevik Party, creating the Soviet state, building a socialist society in the USSR and strengthening friendship between the peoples of the Soviet Union. After the gold medal "Hammer and Sickle" was instituted on May 22, 1940, I.V. Stalin was awarded this distinction for No. 1.

On May 6, 1941, Stalin assumed the duties of Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (since 1946 - Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR). Since the beginning of the war, he is the Chairman of the State Defense Committee, the People's Commissar of Defense and the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of all the Armed Forces of the USSR.

On the second day of the war, June 23, 1941, I.V. Stalin became part of the Headquarters of the High Command, and on June 30, 1941, he headed the formed emergency body of wartime - the State Defense Committee (GKO). From July 10, 1941 I.V. Stalin began to lead the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, from July 19, 1941 he held the post of People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, and on August 8, 1941 he was appointed Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the USSR. In the hands of I.V. Stalin concentrated all the fullness of state, party and military power. March 6, 1943 I.V. Stalin was awarded the military rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union.

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 26, 1945 to the Marshal of the Soviet Union Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich, who led the Red Army in the difficult days of defending our Motherland and its capital Moscow, with exceptional courage and decisiveness led the fight against Nazi Germany, was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

June 27, 1945 I.V. Stalin was awarded the highest military rank - Generalissimo of the Soviet Union.

As head of the Soviet government, I.V. Stalin took part in the Tehran (from November 28, 1943 to December 1, 1943), Crimean (from February 4 to 11, 1945) and Potsdam (from July 17 to August 2, 1945) conferences of the leaders of the three powers - the USSR, the USA and Great Britain ...

In the post-war period, he continued to hold the post of People's Commissar of Defense (from 03/15/1946 - Minister of the Armed Forces) until March 3, 1947. The posts of General Secretary of the Central Committee of the party and chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (from 03/15/1946 - the Council of Ministers) of the USSR held until his death.

I.V. Stalin died on March 5, 1953 at the Blizhnyaya dacha in the Kuntsevsky district of the Moscow region (now part of Moscow). Buried in Moscow on Red Square. From March 9, 1953 to October 31, 1961, the sarcophagus with the body of I.V. Stalin was located next to the sarcophagus of V.I. Lenin in the Mausoleum. On the night of October 31 to November 1, 1961, by decision of the XXII Congress of the CPSU, the remains of I.V. Stalin were buried next to the Mausoleum.

Bust of I.V. Stalin was installed in the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War on Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow. The exposition of the Central Museum of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has a stand dedicated to I.V. Stalin. In the year of the 60th anniversary of the Victory of the Soviet people over Nazi Germany, the monuments to I.V. Stalin installed in the cities of Mirny (Yakutia), Digora (North Ossetia). The name of I.V. Stalin in 1933-1956 was worn by the Military Academy of Armored and Mechanized Forces of the Red Army.

Museums dedicated to the life and work of I.V. Stalin, were previously opened and are currently operating in Narym (Tomsk region), Solvychegodsk (Arkhangelsk region), Rzhev (Tver region), Gori (Georgia).

I.V. Stalin was a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) (1919-1952), the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU in (1952-1953), a member of the Executive Committee of the Comintern (1925-1943), a member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (from 1917), the Central Executive Committee of the USSR (from 1922), a deputy of the Supreme Council of the USSR of the 1-3th convocations.

He was awarded 3 Orders of Lenin (12/20/1939; 06/26/1945; 12/20/1949), 2 Orders of Victory (07/29/1944; 06/26/1945), 3 Orders of the Red Banner (11/27/1919; 12/13/1930; 06/04/1944) , Order of Suvorov 1st degree (11/06/1943), medals "XX years of the Red Army" (1938), "For the defense of Moscow" (06/20/1944, "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945." (1945 ), “For Victory over Japan” (1945), “In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow” (1947), the Order of the Red Star of the 1st degree of the Bukhara People's Socialist Republic (08/18/1922). 1943); the title of Hero of the Mongolian People's Republic with the presentation of the Order of Sukhe Bator and the Gold Star medal (12/17/1949), the Order of Sukhe Bator (1945), the Mongolian People's Republic medal “For Victory over Japan” (1945), the medal “25 years Mongolian People's Revolution "(1946), the Czechoslovak Orders of the White Lion of the 1st degree (1945), the White Lion" For Victory "of the 1st degree (1945), 2 Military Crosses of 1939 (1943; 1945).

Compositions:
Works, v. 1-13, M., 1949-51 ;
Questions of Leninism, 11th ed., M., 1952;
About the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union, 5th ed., M., 1950. - (Moscow: "Kraft +", 2002.);
Marxism and questions of linguistics, M., 1950;
Economic problems of socialism in the USSR, M., 1952.

The original version of the biography was compiled by N.V. Ufarkin

Sources of

Joseph Stalin was a very humble person. Many facts are known when he categorically refused to perpetuate his name or excessive glorification of his figure. Moreover: Stalin refused state awards, or did not emphasize the fact of awards. It is known that in his everyday jacket he wore only one award: the Hammer and Sickle medal of the Hero of Socialist Labor.

The Star of the Hero of Socialist Labor is the only award worn by Stalin

By the way, this award was presented to Comrade Stalin in 1939 with the wording "For exceptional services in organizing the Bolshevik Party, building a socialist society in the USSR and strengthening friendship between the peoples of the Soviet Union", immediately after the establishment of the award - number 1. The presentation was timed to 60 -years anniversary of the leader.

Other awards - and there were a lot of them - Stalin did not wear. There is only one known photograph in which J.V. Stalin poses in a marshal's uniform with a full set of his awards, as well as drawings from this photograph.

A drawing from a photograph of Stalin in a personal file: the marshal's tunic is wearing all the Soviet orders he was awarded

This story is associated with the establishment of the Order of Stalin. Immediately after the war, in June 1945, a proposal was sent to the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) from a number of statesmen and military leaders of the Soviet Union to reward Stalin for the victory over Germany. Zhukov, Malinovsky, Meretskov, Budyonny, Baghramyan, Rokossovsky and many others suggested:

- to award Stalin with the Order of Victory,

- to confer the title of Hero of the Soviet Union,

- to confer the title of Generalissimo of the Soviet Union.

- to establish the Order of Stalin.

As is known from further history, JV Stalin accepted the first two proposals. The Order of Victory, the second in a row (the first was in 1944), Stalin was awarded, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was. Curiously, the Order "Victory" awarded to Stalin in 1944 was numbered 3. The first was awarded to Zhukov, the second to Vasilevsky.

Generalissimo's uniform. Stalin accepted the rank, but never wore a uniform

There was a hitch with the generalissimo: Stalin categorically refused to accept this title. Rokossovsky convinced him by putting forward an argument: "as long as you, Comrade Stalin, are a marshal, formally you cannot give orders to other marshals of the Soviet Union." As a result, Stalin agreed to the Generalissimo, but he never wore a military uniform with shoulder straps specially designed for him.

design projects of the Order of Stalin, 1949

So, the Order of Stalin in 1945 was categorically rejected. In 1949, on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the "father of peoples", the question of establishing the Order of Stalin arose again. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR even developed a regulation on the Order of Stalin, and at the Leningrad Mint as many as 12 variants of the prototype of the award were made. Stalin again refused.

Well, a little about fools, living without them is boring ...

However, the Order of Stalin was nevertheless established! In 1998, an illegitimate political entity, the Permanent Presidium of the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, under the leadership of Sazha Umalatova, established the Order of Stalin. The award is modeled on the Order of Lenin, and the colors of the ribbon of these awards are almost completely identical. However, the awards of an "unregistered public organization" (as defined by the Ministry of Justice) are illegal.

Order book and the Order of Stalin, established by the PP SND of the USSR in 1998.

Stalin had various medals and orders in his collection of awards, and he was also awarded many honorary titles. But eyewitnesses claimed that the generalissimo, whose name is known all over the world, truly valued only one distinctive sign, which he wore at all official events.

Various speculations about numerous medals and awards

During Stalin's rule, not a single even the most courageous person would have dared to express his doubt out loud that he did not deserve any titles of the Commander-in-Chief of the USSR. But after the end of his authoritarian rule, such statements could be heard more and more often. One of the versions voiced regarding Stalin's awards was the statement that he specially wrote out various military awards for himself in order not to look in an unfavorable light in the eyes of his subordinates. It should be noted right away that some military leaders often had much more of these awards than Stalin.

In addition, today you can read a lot of authoritative evidence that confirms that Stalin, the man who ruled the Soviet Union for about 30 years, remained rather modest until the end of his life and preferred an ascetic lifestyle. He did not particularly like to boast of material wealth and achievements, therefore, it is really difficult to imagine that such a person could specially reward himself with something in order to look worthy next to military commanders.

Stalin's special attitude to his awards

In their memoirs, books and memoirs, people who had the opportunity to personally communicate with Stalin, and also spent some time with him, note that he had a modest attitude towards awards. He never liked to brag about them and did not flaunt them. Even received in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 "he put on very rarely.

Taking this into account, it can hardly be assumed that Joseph Vissarionovich specially wrote out awards for himself and put forward his candidacy for state titles. Why did the Generalissimo need orders and medals, which he did not intend to brag about, and did not even consider it necessary to wear them at various official events?

Despite how many awards Stalin had, he always had only one gold medal, Hammer and Sickle, without exception.

The gold medal with the image of the hammer and sickle was awarded to Stalin in 1939 by the decision of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet for special services in building a socialist society in the USSR, maintaining friendly relations between peoples and for services in organizing the Bolshevik Party. It was not clear to many why this particular award was so highly valued by Stalin. But authoritative historians and biographers say that this award, like no other, reflected the meaning of his life - work for the development and prosperity of the socialist Fatherland.

Rebuke to Marshal Zhukov

It is worth noting that Iosif Vissarionovich still occasionally wore some of his awards, which he had received even before the war. Those that were presented during the war years were worn by the Generalissimo very rarely. But those awards of Stalin, which were presented after the war for the Great Victory, were almost impossible to see on it.

It can be assumed that he believed that most of these medals were given undeservedly. Or perhaps Stalin considered them deserved, but received at a disproportionately high price. In favor of such reflections, one can cite the situation described by Y. Mukhin in one of his books.

According to the author, at a banquet organized for the high command in honor of the Victory, Zhukov sat at the same table with Stalin. At the same time, there were no expected odes of praise in honor of the First Victory Marshal Zhukov. To the marshal himself and to some of those present, this seemed strange. Zhukov decided to take the initiative and say a toast.

He began by saying that the most difficult time that he had to endure during the entire Second World War was the defense of Moscow. Stalin, after listening to this entire speech, confirmed that the time was difficult and in many respects decisive for the subsequent outcome of the war. He mentioned that at the same time, many defenders of the capital did not receive well-deserved awards, because, having distinguished themselves in battles, they were seriously wounded or left disabled. Then Stalin hit the table hard with his fist and noticed that those who did not need to be encouraged with these awards were not forgotten, got up from the table and left without returning to the banquet.

Young Stalin's first awards

Despite the specific attitude to the medals "For Victory", Stalin still valued his first awards. In addition to the Hero of Labor star, these include the following:

• The order was awarded in 1919 for the final capture of Tsaritsyn by the Red troops.
• The order was awarded in 1937 for the merits shown on the front of the social structure.
• The medal "XX Years of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army" was issued in 1938.

War awards

Since Joseph Vissarionovich was the commander-in-chief of the troops of the USSR, during the Second World War he was awarded medals and orders:

Orders and medals received in the post-war period

Medals issued during the post-war period were not particularly popular with Stalin. These include:

Awards issued by various republics

In addition to state awards, JV Stalin also had awards received for his services from other republics. These include:

1. Awards given out by the Czechoslovak SSR: two Military crosses of 1939 (the first was awarded in 1943, the second in 1945) and two Orders of the White Lion (1st class and "For Victory") were awarded in 1945.
2. Order received from Tuva HP: Order of the Republic of TNR issued in 1943.
3. Titles, medals and orders of the Mongolian HP: medal awarded for "Victory over Japan" (1945); order to them. Sukhe-Bator received in 1945; conferring the title of Hero of the Mongolian Republic with the receipt of the "Golden Star"; Medal dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the Mongolian Revolution, issued in 1946.
4. Stalin was awarded the Order of the Red Star issued by the Bukhara Soviet Republic in 1922.

Received titles

After the victory at Stalingrad in March 1943, Stalin was awarded a new military rank - Marshal. After the end of World War II, there were more and more conversations in the inner circle that the Commander-in-Chief should be awarded the rank of Generalissimo. But Stalin's honorary titles were not interested, and he refused for a very long time. Unexpectedly, he could be influenced by a letter from K. Rokossovsky, in which the author, referring to Stalin, noticed that they were both marshals. And if once Stalin wants to punish Rokossovsky, he will not have enough authority for this, because their military ranks are equal.

Such an argument turned out to be very well-reasoned for Joseph Vissarionovich, and he gave his long-awaited consent. This title was awarded to him in June 1945, but until his last days, Stalin refused to wear a uniform with He considered it too elegant and luxurious.

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin(real name Dzhugashvili; December 9 (21), 1879, Gori, Tiflis province - March 5, 1953, Kuntsevo, Moscow region) - Russian revolutionary-Bolshevik, a prominent figure in the international communist and workers' movement, Soviet political, statesman, military and party leader, an outstanding theoretician and propagandist.

As a statesman, I. V. Stalin held the posts of People's Commissar for Nationalities of the RSFSR (1917-1923), People's Commissar for State Control of the RSFSR (1919-1920), People's Commissar of the Workers 'and Peasants' Inspection of the RSFSR (1920-1922); Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (1941-1946), Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1946-1953). Since 1941, Stalin held the highest military posts of the USSR: Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the USSR (since 1941), Chairman of the State Defense Committee (1941-1945), People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR (1941-1946), People's Commissar of the Armed Forces of the USSR (1946-1947) ... Stalin was also elected a member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (1917-1937) and the Central Executive Committee of the USSR (1922-1938), as well as a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 1-3rd convocations.

Stalin also held senior party positions: member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (b) (1919-1952), General Secretary of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) (1922-1925), General Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (b) (1925-1934), Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party ( b) (1934-1952), member of the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee (1952-1953), Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee (1952-1953). From 1925 to 1943 - Member of the Executive Committee.

Marshal of the Soviet Union (1943), Generalissimo of the Soviet Union (1945). Honorary Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1939). Hero of Socialist Labor (1939), Hero of the Soviet Union (1945), holder of two Orders of Victory (1943, 1945).

Biography

Childhood and youth

Joseph Stalin was born on December 21, 1879 in the city of Gori, Tiflis province. His father, Vissarion Ivanovich, was a Georgian by nationality, came from the peasants of the village of Didi-Lilo, Tiflis province, a shoemaker by profession, later a worker at Adelkhanov's shoe factory in Tiflis. Mother - Ekaterina Georgievna - from the family of the serf Geladze of the village of Gambareuli.

In the fall of 1888, Stalin entered the Gori Theological School. In July 1894, after graduating from college, Joseph was awarded as the best student. His certificate contains the highest score - 5 ("excellent") in most subjects. In September 1894, Joseph, having brilliantly passed the entrance exams, was enrolled in the Orthodox Tiflis Theological Seminary, which was located in the center of Tiflis.

In Russia during these years, on the basis of the development of industrial capitalism and the growth of the workers' movement, it began to spread widely. The Petersburg "" created and directed by Lenin gave a powerful impetus to the development of the Social Democratic movement throughout the country. The waves of the labor movement also reached the Transcaucasus, where capitalism had already penetrated, where national-colonial oppression was strong. Transcaucasia was a typical colony of Russian tsarism, an economically backward, agrarian country, with still strong remnants of serfdom, a country inhabited by numerous nationalities living in stripes, interspersed with each other.

In the last quarter of the 19th century, capitalism began to develop rapidly in Transcaucasia, subjecting workers and peasants to predatory exploitation, exacerbating national-colonial oppression. The mining industry, oil production and processing, where the main positions were captured by foreign capital, developed especially rapidly. With the advent of railways and the first factories and plants, a working class appeared in the Caucasus. Oil Baku, a large industrial and workers' center in the Caucasus, developed especially rapidly.

The development of industrial capitalism was accompanied by the growth of the labor movement. In the 90s, Russian Marxists exiled there carried out revolutionary work in Transcaucasia. The propaganda of Marxism began in Transcaucasia. The Tiflis Orthodox Seminary was then a hotbed of all kinds of liberation ideas among young people, both populist-nationalist and Marxist-internationalist; it was full of various secret circles. The Jesuit regime that dominated the seminary evoked a violent protest from Stalin, nourished and intensified revolutionary sentiments in him. Fifteen-year-old Stalin becomes a revolutionary.

Subsequently, Stalin himself recalled:

I joined the revolutionary movement at the age of 15, when I got in touch with the underground groups of Russian Marxists who were then living in Transcaucasia. These groups influenced me greatly and instilled in me a taste for underground Marxist literature.

From June to December 1895 in the newspaper "Iberia", edited by I. G. Chavchavadze, signed "I. J-shvili "five poems of the young Stalin were published, another poem was also published in July 1896 in the social democratic newspaper" Keali "(" Furrow ") under the signature" Soselo ". Of these, the poem "To Prince R. Eristavi" in 1907 was included, among the selected masterpieces of Georgian poetry, in the collection "Georgian Reader".

In 1896-1897, Stalin was at the head of the Marxist circles of the seminary. In August 1898, he formally joined the Tiflis organization. Stalin became a member of the Mesame-Dasi group, the first Georgian Social-Democratic organization, which in 1893-1898 played a certain positive role in spreading the ideas of Marxism. "Mesame-dasi" was not politically homogeneous - its majority supported the position of "legal Marxism" and inclined towards bourgeois nationalism. Stalin, Ketskhoveli, Tsulukidze formed the leading nucleus of the revolutionary Marxist minority "Mesame-dasi", which became the embryo of revolutionary social democracy in Georgia.

Stalin works hard and hard on himself. He studies Capital, the Communist Manifesto and other works of Marx and Engels, gets acquainted with works directed against populism, "legal Marxism" and "". Even then, Lenin's works made a deep impression on Stalin. " I must see him by all means"- said Stalin, having read the work of Tulin (Lenin), - recalls one of the comrades who knew Stalin closely at that time. The circle of Stalin's theoretical inquiries is extremely wide - he studies philosophy, political economy, history, natural sciences, reads the classics of fiction. Stalin becomes an educated Marxist.

During this period, Stalin conducted intensive propaganda work in workers 'circles, participated in illegal workers' meetings, wrote leaflets, and organized strikes. This was the first school of revolutionary practical work passed by Stalin among the progressive proletarians of Tiflis. Stalin later wrote:

The classes of the Marxist workers' circles in Tiflis were held according to the program drawn up by Stalin. On December 14-19, 1898, a six-day strike of railway workers took place in Tiflis, one of the initiators of which was the seminarian Joseph Dzhugashvili. On April 19, 1899, Joseph Dzhugashvili in Tiflis participates in a working May Day.

In the seminary, where strict surveillance of the "suspicious" was established, they begin to guess about Stalin's illegal revolutionary work. On May 29, 1899, he was expelled from the seminary for promoting Marxism. For some time, Stalin was interrupted by lessons, and then (in December 1899) went to work at the Tiflis Physics Observatory as a computer observer, never for a minute stopping his revolutionary activity.

Revolutionary activity

1900 - 1905

Already at that time, Stalin was one of the most energetic and prominent workers in the Tiflis Social Democratic organization. In the period 1898-1900. the leading central social-democratic group of the Tiflis organization was formed and took shape ... The Tiflis central social-democratic group carried out an enormous revolutionary propaganda and organizational work to create an illegal social-democratic party organization. Stalin leads this group.

Stalin during the preparation and implementation

On March 8, 1917, Stalin left Achinsk, sending a telegram of greetings to Lenin in Switzerland on the way.

On March 12, 1917, Stalin returned to St. Petersburg, the revolutionary capital of Russia. The Central Committee of the party entrusted Stalin with the leadership of the newspaper Pravda.

The Bolshevik Party has just come out of the underground. Many of the most prominent and active members of the party returned from distant exile and prisons. Lenin was in exile. delayed his arrival by all sorts of measures. In this crucial period, Stalin rallied the party to fight for the development of the bourgeois-democratic revolution into a socialist one. Stalin, together with Molotov, directs the activities of the Central Committee and the Petersburg Committee of the Bolsheviks. In Stalin's articles, the Bolsheviks receive fundamental guidelines for their work. In the very first article "On the Soviets of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies," Stalin wrote about the main task of the party:

Stalin, Molotov and others, together with the majority of the party, defended a policy of distrust to the imperialist Provisional Government, opposed the Menshevik-Socialist-Revolutionary defencism and against the semi-Menshevik position of conditional support for the Provisional Government, which was taken by Kamenev and others.

On April 3, 1917, after a long exile, he returned to Russia. Comrade Stalin with a delegation of workers went to meet Lenin at the Beloostrov station. Lenin's meeting at the Finland Station in Petrograd resulted in a powerful revolutionary demonstration. The day after his arrival, Lenin came out with the famous April Theses, which gave the party an ingenious plan of struggle for the transition from the bourgeois-democratic revolution to the socialist revolution.

In his speech "Trotskyism or Leninism?" Delivered at the plenum of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions (AUCCTU) in November 1924, Stalin pointed out that in the struggle against Trotskyism during this period "the party's task is to bury Trotskyism as an ideological trend." He pointed out to the party that under the conditions of that time, Trotskyism was the main danger. Stalin proved that the ideological defeat of Trotskyism is a necessary condition in order to ensure the further victorious advance towards socialism.

Of great importance in the ideological defeat of Trotskyism, in the defense, substantiation and development of Stalin's theoretical work "On the Foundations of Leninism", published in 1924.

This work contains an exposition of the foundations of Leninism, that is, that new and special that is associated with the name of Lenin, which Lenin introduced into the development of Marxist theory. Stalin showed how Lenin developed further, in the conditions of a new era, the era of imperialism and proletarian revolutions.

In December 1924, Stalin's famous work "The October Revolution and the Tactics of Russian Communists" was published. Justifying in this work Lenin's thesis on the victory of socialism in one country, Stalin showed that two sides of this issue should be distinguished: the internal and the international. The internal side is the question of the relationship of classes within the country that is building socialism; international is the question of the relationship between the USSR, still the only country of socialism, and the capitalist encirclement. The workers and peasants of the USSR are quite capable of coping with internal difficulties on their own; they are quite capable of overpowering their own bourgeoisie economically and building a complete socialist society. But as long as there is a capitalist encirclement, there is also a danger of capitalist intervention against the USSR and the restoration of capitalism. To eliminate this danger, it is necessary to destroy the capitalist encirclement itself, and the destruction of the capitalist encirclement is possible only as a result of the victory of the proletarian revolution in at least several countries. Only then can the victory of socialism in the USSR be considered a complete, final victory.

These provisions of Stalin formed the basis of the resolution of the XIV Party Conference (April 1925).

In December 1925, the XIV Party Congress opened. In the political report of the Central Committee, Stalin painted a vivid picture of the growth of the political and economic might of the Soviet Union. However, Stalin said, we cannot be satisfied with these successes, for the country continues to remain backward and agrarian. In order to ensure the economic independence of the Soviet country and strengthen its defense capability, in order to create the economic base necessary for the victory of socialism, it is necessary to transform the country from an agrarian into an industrial one. At the XIV Congress, Stalin emphasized that the most important task of the party is a lasting alliance of the working class with the middle peasant in the building of socialism.

The XIV Congress confirmed as the main task of the party - the implementation of socialist industrialization, the struggle for the victory of socialism in the USSR.

During the period of the struggle against the internal party groups of Trotskyists, Zinovievites, Bukharinites, after Lenin's failure, the leading nucleus of the CPSU (b) was finally formed, consisting of Stalin, Molotov, Kalinin, Voroshilov, Kuibyshev, Frunze, Dzerzhinsky, Kaganovich, Ordzhonikidze, Kirov, Mikrov, Yaroslavl Andreev, Shvernik, Zhdanov, Shkiryatov and others. The actual leader of this nucleus and the leading force of the party and state by the end of the 1920s. became I. V. Stalin.

Having the full support of the Soviet people, Stalin, however, did not allow conceit, conceit, or narcissism in his activities. So, in his interview with the German writer Ludwig, noting the great role of Lenin in the transformation of Russia, Stalin declares himself.

Generalissimo is one of the oldest higher military ranks, presumably introduced in the 16th century. According to some historians, one of the first generalissimo was the famous Duke of the Papal States, Cesare Borgia. Until the 21st century, the rank of generalissimo was awarded to military rulers (mainly supreme, leaders of states) of dozens of countries around the world. The last time in 2012 was received by the late DPRK leader Kim Jong Il (posthumously). They were going to introduce the rank of generalissimo in the Russian self-proclaimed Ichkeria during the First Chechen Campaign (1994-1996), but it never came to that.

In different centuries, the highest military rank of Generalissimo was given by the commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the state (as well as several states), the outstanding commander of the armies, mainly for the period of the war.

Formally, in June 1945, at the collective petition of "representatives of the proletariat" and a note from the senior officers of the Red Army and the USSR Navy, the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks decided to confer this title on I.V. Stalin (it was previously legalized by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR).

Stalin's attitude to this initiative is eloquently indicated by Joseph Vissarionovich's mark in red pencil on a typewritten note with an officer's petition: "My archive I. St." (a digitized copy of the document is in the public domain). Although there is not a single evidence or document confirming that Stalin ever explicitly forbade calling himself a generalissimo.