The human face, in its general relationship, corresponds to the following five geometric figures: quadrangle, circle, oval, triangle and cone.

Every human head is contained in one or another of these figures. These five common types human physiognomy constitute one of the foundations on which our doctrine and system of physiognomy can be based.

Each of these types is divided into three classes, determined by the proportionality of the type. Thus we have:

1. Type quadrangular proportional, quadrangular extended type and quadrangular short type.

2. Type round proportional, long round type and short round type.

3. Type oval proportional, long oval type and short oval type.

4. Triangular type proportional, long triangular type and short triangular type.

5. Cone type proportional, cone-shaped elongated type, cone-shaped short type.

Typical features and its physiognomic indications change in some way under the influence of temperament and in particular under the influence of certain typical factors, which can produce significant changes in geometric types and which can have an imprint of a specific character, which we will consider in the next special section. Each type actually contains different abilities, instincts, passions, which can be in it or in action, or remain inert. All these properties can be strengthened or weakened, depending on the physique and the mixture of characteristic features of a given type.

The absence of the necessary harmony between type and temperament gives rise to conflicts of tendencies that do not get along with each other; from here arise irregularities and oddities of character, such as manias, contradictions in feelings, desires, tendencies, impulses, actions and tastes; hence these eccentric individuals, these original fantastic and imperfect minds.

With the relationship between type and mixed temperament, the elements of which do not agree with each other, oddities of character and mental abilities occur. Such a subject always acts contrary to his thoughts: saying one thing, doing another; preaching morality, he not only does not follow it, but sometimes acts downright immorally. While preaching philanthropy, he remains a rude, stingy and callous egoist, or, while encouraging others to courage, he himself is the first to become a coward and run away at the slightest danger; While advertising the ideas of tolerance and freedom, he at the same time holds himself as an authority, despot and tyrant in his family and social relations.

Finally, others write wonderful treatises against death penalty and tenderly sensual poems, but at the same time ponders plans for universal destruction and invents the most terrible military weapons. However, these contradictions are not always indicators of double-mindedness, hypocrisy or extravagance; most often this is only an indicator of a discrepancy between character and mental abilities.

It is extremely important to know that each type, taken as a whole, is divided into the following three classes:

1) the pure type, or basic, approaching its geometric figure;

2) long type and

3) short type.

These types, although coming from the same family, nevertheless have their own special character and, therefore, their own distinctive individuality.

Based on these three divisions, we can say that for each of them, feelings, instincts, passions and impulses retain a special form, energy and mode of action inherent in them. Let's take the quadrangular type as an example.

In the pure quadrangular type, all the subject’s activities are exclusively aimed at positivity and practicality, and, consequently, towards material life interests. Feelings of this type are positive, reasonable and complete; such a subject acts on the basis of reason, but not the heart.

The quadrangular elongated type, while not being an idealist, is at the same time less positive than the previous one. This subject is able to understand the true interests of life, but at the same time he connects with them some spiritual needs. Although his feelings originate in his head, they are also not alien to the influence of his heart. The passions of these individuals are not as persistent, decisive and absolute as in the previous type.

The short quadrilateral type contains rude inclinations and base instincts. His character is prone to cruelty, steadfastness and malice. His passions are strong and of a rough and animal nature. This subject is dangerous and terrible due to his bad inclinations and his penchant for rowdy behavior, wild antics, cruelty and crime.

However, let's not get ahead of ourselves and consider all types of human faces in order.

Rice. 9. Basic geometric face shapes

Explanation of the five geometric types

Quadrangular face type

This type is an indicator of an energetic, rude, harsh, very stubborn nature, a strong character, reaching the point of inflexibility and even very often cruelty. People of this type are distinguished by very decisive ideas, they are short and sharp in their judgments. Criticizing the ideas of others, they cannot tolerate contradiction and tend to impose their opinions on others. They are clever reasoners, their logic is compressed and powerful, very often distorted by a mania of contradiction, which easily leads them to sophisms. They have a particularly developed practical sense. The positivism of their mind destroys some impulses of idealism. A systematic mindset forces them to do everything to measure. Out of a desire to know the reason for things, they rummage through various questions and go deep into these questions in order to discover this reason in them, they have a strange pleasure in viewing and examining things from different angles of illumination. The power of observation and analysis drives them to tackle the most intractable problems. They bring their projects to completion thanks to patience, perseverance and consistency. Labor and obstacles not only do not discourage them, but it further increases their persistent energy. They have an aptitude for the exact sciences, philosophy and mathematics, but their lack of imagination and inability to idealism make them insensitive to art, unless the latter relates to craft. They are predisposed to inventing machines and are very skilled in mechanics. If sometimes they show a penchant for the fine arts, it is always expressed in a real direction. They have architectural abilities, love to build, and their style is distinguished by rigor, solidity and even some simplicity, which is their characteristic feature. Under other conditions, they will apply their intellectual abilities to the sciences related to agriculture. Their skepticism and doubt lead them to materialism; they are too rational to be believers; but since faith enlightens their soul, then their religion is based on unshakable foundations with a touch of asceticism and severity.

Rice. 10. Quadrangular face type

This type is often found among monks who strictly carry out their strict rules of monastic life, and these individuals are for the most part “converts.” Predominant character traits This type has a love of property and a strong tendency towards stinginess. Ideas of method and order dominate their minds. Egoists by nature, they have neither sensitivity, nor compassion, nor condescension and are more fair than generous. Their courtesy is mainly based on calculation.

Their head controls their heart, and they are little accessible to the feeling of love. They are distinguished by violent passions and an energetic desire to satisfy their animal impulses - these are characteristic signs of their love. They are ambitious and often waste their energy in the pursuit of wealth, but they never languish in love.

They are unsociable and easily tolerate loneliness; however, they value family life, they have a special love for their children, sometimes even reaching the point of weakness, especially if this type is not distinguished by an excessive skeletal system and, moreover, is sanguine. This type with a predominant skeletal system is an indicator of durability. A child of this type from a very early age must be inculcated with the rules of strict morality and religion, so that he can subsequently master the innate tendency to crime and dishonorable acts. To guide and tame such a nature, a firm hand and a tempered character are needed.

Persons of the quadrangular type in the lower classes of society are distinguished by their rudeness, harshness, severity, ignorance, materialism, godlessness and cynicism; For them, physical strength replaces the sense of justice - they bow only to brute force. Their wild instincts and hidden cruelty under the influence of passion, hatred or greed can even push them to murder. Therefore, in the interests of society, it is necessary that individuals of this type should be strictly inculcated from childhood with religious feelings and the rules of strict morality.

As for established people, there is little hope for their re-education, and therefore one should at least take advantage of their selfish instincts by establishing auxiliary funds that would supply them with funds for the development of industry, and thereby enable them to honestly satisfy their inclination to acquire. And ennobling work will lead them to correction.

Triangular face type

The forehead is high and wide, prominent cheekbones, a thin nose, deep-set eyes and a small, pointed chin. The face is considered bony because there is little soft tissue between the cheekbones and chin. This type indicates a strange and whimsical character, without consistency and stability, with capricious energy, expressed in outbursts and impulses. Individuals of this type act more on the impulse of the eccentricity of a sudden whim than under the influence of reflection, hastening to carry out their projects without prior thorough discussion. Calmness and patience when discussing their projects are in sharp contrast to the fervor they bring to their practical implementation. They are characterized by caution, cunning, deceit, and they are clever tellers of their invented stories. Gifted with a sharp mind, they are very resourceful in objections; They are mockers, scoffers, bullies, jokers, but their gaiety is superficial and deceptive, since their soul is tormented by strong melancholy. In addition, they are often troubled by inner sadness, spiritual emptiness and deep disappointment. Gusts of energy and enthusiasm are replaced by a rapid general breakdown. Their love for the miraculous often struggles with a tendency to doubt and skepticism, and religiosity with materialism.

Rice. 11. Triangular face type

Ardent preachers of the principles they have learned, they fight with bitterness against their opponents, and there are no sacrifices that they would not make in favor of the idea they defend. Their spirit of contradiction and stubbornness is directly proportional to the number of obstacles encountered to achieving their intentions. Their imagination far exceeds their common sense, so that when listening, they may be mistaken for something other than what they really are.

Stronger in theory than in practice, they tend to act on preconceived ideas. They have no lack of insight, and their minds are characterized by feverish activity. Their mixed mental abilities are very diverse and often contradictory: for example, the feeling of poetry and art coexists with philosophy; they are dreamers, and thinkers, and idealists, and realists. Their systematic and inventive mind makes them also capable of mathematical sciences, and at the same time they are gifted with a paradoxical mind and easily delve into utopia. They are very prone to pretense, deception and lies. They must combat a strong tendency toward hypocrisy. By nature they have a predisposition to theft, and if from childhood they are not stopped from this fatal inclination, it can subsequently turn into a shameful passion. Being a rebellious nature, they cannot tolerate any power over themselves; fans of freedom, they are ready to do everything in the world to maintain their independence, and they look at slavery as the greatest evil. They are suspicious and tyrannical in their affections, and love for them is the true source of endless suffering, worries, grief and deception. They love to travel and enjoy an adventurous life; tend to seek happiness in distant and dangerous wanderings. More courageous and more dexterous than happy in their enterprises, they only acquire their wealth with difficulty and with even greater difficulty retain it. They are very prone to risky ventures and gambling. The strangeness and irritability of their character makes them very unhappy, as well as those with whom they live. Their friendships are often upset due to quarrels, pettiness and pickiness. Their mania to criticize everything and mock others gives them many enemies. They are capable of insults, and their bullying often leads them to serious and unpleasant consequences. Their entry into any society is usually accompanied by various lawsuits, in which they even saw failure in advance.

This type includes the face of Walter Mitty, a dreamer, a man prone to reflection.

In positive cases, such people more often turn to science, philosophy or art. In the negative, they can become spies, traitors or shameless businessmen. People with triangular heads can become the scum of society. They always become the instigators of protests and demonstrations, and sometimes the fanatical leaders of an unpopular cause. Having failed, such people retreat and become hermits.

Round type faces

Round-type people are distinguished by great initiative and energy of action. Constantly acting and producing is the mainspring of their individuality. Hot-tempered and angry, they suffer from a complete lack of composure. Active people who quickly implement their plans and projects as soon as they are born. The ardor in carrying out their work prevents them from achieving the intended goal, and they involuntarily waste both their energy and their feverish activity. Their success is always guaranteed where courage and speed of action are required. Their mind is quick and easy to grasp, but the liveliness with which they rush to express their thoughts forces them to speak out before they could understand them. Their thinking is at odds with their action, which is why they often have to repent of their actions. Their judgments, formulated with excessive haste, are often erroneous. Experience is acquired late, and even then insufficiently. Courage easily arises in their soul, but it is fleeting in nature and can reach the point of recklessness. They do not doubt the favorable outcome of their affairs, but once obstacles arise, they have neither the necessary dexterity to prevent them, nor the constancy to overcome them, and as a result they often experience disappointment.

Rice. 12. Round face type

Imprudence and imprudence, their usual qualities, cause them a lot of worries and put them in great difficulties. They do not have the ability for slow, calm and consistent action. Their brutal frankness harms them. Imperious in their approach, they do not tolerate any resistance. Inclined to subjugate others, they do not allow the possibility of domination over themselves.

Straightforward in business, they know how to follow a direct path to their intended goal. Although they know the value of money, they are at the same time capable of nobility, generosity and even extravagance. They are people of order in business, but they keep very little or even no order in their things, in everyday life, although they value it in the latter case. They steadfastly adhere to their rights, which they vigorously defend. Their practical, positive and real mind has nothing in common with either poetry or feeling.

Their artistic inclinations are limited to imitation rather than creativity, although they are inventive in handicrafts. They have the ability to wholesale trade and are skilled traveling salesmen. Although they love society, they are also rudely and thoughtlessly frank.

They love idle conversations, as long as they are varied, free and tinged with some gaiety. Their mental abilities are distinguished by sharpness and frivolity, they love jokes and puns, but little seriousness. They are big fans of comfort and good gastronomes, have a good appetite, love delicacies, are cheerful conversationalists, fans of Bacchus and free songs. Their natural qualities can lead to excesses. They have developed a sensitivity that they almost live by.

These people are great fans of love, but on the condition that it does not impose any chains or responsibilities on them. They are characterized by extremes in both love and hatred. Their cunning and diplomacy exist more in fantasy than in reality. While protecting their authority, they do not allow it to be violated, and therefore they are independent masters in their families. In their affairs they consult only with themselves.

With their strict grumpiness, they know how to instill fear and obedience. They have pride and vanity, they cannot tolerate either objections or reprimands. Their usual scrupulousness irritates them at the slightest offense. In fact, they are more sensitive than they seem, they are easily amenable to courtesy and affection. Their violent anger often reaches the point of rage. They have poor self-control and easily become slaves to their ardent passions, which can lead them to sad consequences; and therefore they must be careful in their actions.

Oval face type

Individuals of the oval type have extreme mobility and highly developed impressionability. The flexibility of their nature lacks the necessary counterforce. They cannot resist their individual aspirations.

They live in constant instability, constantly changing their ideas, desires and tastes. Capricious to the point of excess, with insatiable desires, they cannot be completely satisfied with anything. These desires replace each other so quickly that they enjoy them only in their imagination, which has very wide boundaries. They act mostly under the influence of a whim and according to the first impulse that comes into their head, never caring about the consequences of their actions.

Rice. 13. Oval face type

They start a lot and end almost nothing. Their quick understanding and their intellectual abilities enable them to do everything in general terms, but their fickleness and lack of perseverance prevent them from completing their tasks. They are very weak-willed, although they show some semblance of character. Tenacity and perseverance are unknown to them, but they are not as easy to control as they might seem, since they have considerable stubbornness and a spirit of resistance; In this way they escape from the yoke imposed on them by pretending that they are subject to it. Timid and fickle in everything, they easily perceive foreign impressions without retaining their essence.

Lack of reflection leads them to inconsistency. Lazy about physical labor and not particularly brave, they are very susceptible to fear. Good-natured in appearance, they are cunning and crafty. Independent to the extreme, they easily get along, but do not get attached.

Romantic in their affections and amorous by nature, they are at the same time very capricious and very flighty. They enjoy thoughts much more than feelings, and are adventurous.

Their minds are light, curious, fantastic, inventive in stories and superficial. They are dreamers, idealists, spiritualists, people of inspiration, enthusiasts, contemplators, mystics, lovers of the miraculous and at the same time believers and doubters, poets and artists. They have no order, and they understand nothing either in practical or theoretical life; therefore they are not businessmen. Quick to promise and to their word, they never keep them. A religious feeling is very developed in their souls, reaching the point of mysticism; their religious ideas are very exalted and marked by intolerance. They have an inclination towards religious systems; Among them you can often find the founders and reformers of religions. They are predisposed to all kinds of visions; They have remarkable abilities in the occult sciences, they are characterized by the spirit of divination and intuition, as well as extraordinary premonitions, mysterious suggestions and impulses of miraculous prophecy.

Their mentality is such that they guess rather than understand.

Trapezoidal face type

People with a trapezoidal face type are characterized by a very developed practical and common sense, which constitutes one of the most important strengths of their individuality. Positivism exclusively predominates among them; They lack imagination to such an extent that they can be neither artists, nor poets, nor idealists. They are realists in the precise sense of the word.

Rice. 14. Trapezoidal face type

People of this type have some subtlety of mind and great tact; but their narrow mental horizon does not go beyond the framework of the known and positive. Filled with vanity and excessive attention to their own person, during a conversation they listen to their speeches, love to pose, wanting to be noticed in order to be considered important people. Beneath their good nature they hide a lot of subtlety, cunning and resourcefulness.

They are conservative. Authoritative, people of calculation and exploitation. Outside of initiative and activity in business, they are careless, apathetic, lazy, weak-willed and indecisive. Any innovation confuses them and instills in them a kind of fear, since, first of all, their desires are to enjoy carefree tranquility.

Their egoism is covered with a mask, and if anyone wants to take advantage of their generosity, then they become downright impossible.

They fear bloodshed, respect human personality and give great importance sense of honor and public opinion.

Ambitious, with a strong desire for places of honor, they love to appear in public, to preside over meetings, but with absolute safety, since they value life too much. Having a cheerful disposition, they are sociable, love society, festivals, witticisms, performances and family pleasures.

They are mostly weak-willed fathers, but, however, they are not averse to sometimes showing their power over their children. They are big fans of comfort. Sensuality and appetite play an outstanding role among them, so that they become gourmets. Subtle wine connoisseurs and gastronomes. They have a highly developed sensual love, but as long as it does not bring them worries, since they are afraid of any slightest adversity; and they also diligently avoid all suffering and grief. Their usual virtues are a love of order and a correct lifestyle.

They are addicted to money. Their natural inclinations and fatal luck assist them in acquiring and accumulating wealth. They are adroit administrators and their individual organization makes them capable of managing banking and financial transactions.

However, no person will exactly fit the named types. Typically a face will present a combination of two or three or more types of features. Therefore, the essential task of a physiognomist is to thoroughly study and evaluate the face before making a conclusion regarding character or fate or a combination of both.

An experienced physiognomist can determine at a glance the shapes and areas of a subject's face, using the following practical method: first scan (skim) the main features - forehead, eyebrows, eyes, nose, cheekbones, chin and ears - and then make a general judgment about whether the traits correspond to any of the standard samples. In this case, an experienced physiognomist will take into account the person’s age, his maturity, as well as national characteristics. An individual, by the way, may well have traits of one type in middle age and a completely different type at the end of his life.

Form and nature of contours of geometric types

The shape and nature of the contours deserve special attention, since the contour brings significant changes to the individual type, whether it is round, flexible, quadrangular, knotty, angular, sharp, soft, flaccid, weakened, fleshy, muscular or bony.

The quadrilateral outline indicates energy, firmness, inflexibility and fortitude, stubbornness, positivity and calculation.

Angular - hardness, selfishness, rudeness, anger and even insensitivity; as well as stubbornness, tyranny, inexorability, persistence taken to the extreme, the thirst for honor and the love of money.

Knotty - for impetus, insolence, anger, rage, harshness, ardent passions, strangeness and exciting activity, recklessness, courage, courage in action and lack of moderation.

Acute - for subtlety, cunning, pretense, lies, hypocrisy, irritability, mobility, initiative and inspiration.

Rice. 15. Knotty outline

Rice. 16. Sharp outline

Rice. 17. Round outline

A round and flexible outline indicates good nature, calmness, indecisiveness, frankness, directness, kindness and sometimes weakness of heart, sensuality, lack of tact, negligence, gluttony, quick but not deep passions, fleeting anger.

Soft, lethargic and weakened - to extreme weakness of will, passive and apathetic nature, extremely lazy, softness of feelings, lack of vital energy, inertia of passions, with the exception of the needs of the stomach.

But the shape and nature of the contours also have other special meanings, depending on the type of type with which they are connected.

Head examination

Physiognomy as the art of reading faces developed in the East in ancient times. Ancient China is considered the birthplace of eastern physiognomy. In the West, this art became widespread in Ancient Greece, however, Eastern physiognomy differs from Western.

Chinese historical analyzes are filled with biographies of emperors, rulers, and sages. The actions of these people were correlated with the features of their appearance, mainly their faces.

Each feature on the face was given a very specific meaning. This is how the art of reading faces gradually developed.

Confucian moralists were considered the recognized masters of reading faces in the East.

The system of ethics that they preached involved instilling respect for parents, decency, devotion to the lord, loyalty to authorities, etc. The Confucians tried to detect the presence or absence of these qualities on their faces.

To this end, they persistently developed techniques for reading faces.

Over time, Chinese physiognomists raised the art of reading faces to a certain height and created special treatises that spread throughout different countries of the East. They were also brought to Japan. And although today it cannot be said that in Japan there is a general interest in physiognomy, its influence can be traced in painting, mask making, theater, and various spheres of communication.

Five Essential Traits

Of all the features that make up a person’s face, ancient Chinese physiognomists identified five most important for reading faces. These are eyebrows, eyes, nose, mouth and ears. In ancient texts they are referred to as the Five Essential Traits. It is significant that after so many centuries these terms are still used in relation to these traits.

Each of them reveals something about the character. Each also controls some aspect of fate. For the physiognomist, the main problem is that these features tend to overlap each other in the sense that there is interdependence between all facial features and for a complete analysis it is necessary to take into account all these features and connections.

Once all these various features are appropriately understood, assessed and analyzed, the physiognomist moves on to other facial features such as the forehead, temples, cheekbones, jaws and wrinkles. Finally, he moves on to reading skin color, which is the most subtle and difficult part of the system to master.

Ancient physiognomists claim that if any of the Five Essential Traits has the highest dignity in form and quality, then at least ten years will be guaranteed. happy life. And if all five traits are of the highest merit, then the subject will enjoy happiness, prosperity and universal respect throughout his life. But it is unlikely that any living person is gifted with such a “perfect face.”

Ancient authors also stated that if any of these Five Essential Traits are poorly formed, then this indicates a kink or weakness in some trait of the individual. A wrong trait is a reflection of a wrong mind. Thus, the job of a physiognomist is to gain insight into the inner life of an individual by reading what his face reveals.

A fine, well-balanced and proportionate face is relatively easy to read. And accordingly, it is much more difficult to analyze ordinary faces, with irregular features, which most of us possess. Therefore, the study of irregular features occupies the largest part of the physiognomist's attention.

The Five Essential Traits will be discussed in the following chapters.

The Chinese system of face reading comes from specific positions on the face, each of which indicates a certain age and reveals some aspect of fate and character, mainly fate.

The physiognomist can go straight to this position to determine the fate of the subject or significant events that are about to happen in a certain year of life. If the subject tells the physiognomist that he is, for example, 37 years old, then the physiognomist should first of all consider position 37 - the pupil of the left eye.

In practice, the physiognomist is guided by a certain scheme. It will take some time to comprehend the meaning of the various positions. However, it is enough to remember only the main ones well. These main ones cover the age range from 20 to 70 years, i.e. positions from 20 to 70, which is the most important years In human life.

Rice. 26. System of positions: a – Chinese and b – Japanese physiognomic schools

There are several schools of Chinese physiognomy, each with its own system of positions. One school, for example, divides a face into 100 positions, another into 130. The system with 100 positions is the most widespread. It is time-tested and accurate. In addition, in order to simplify the system, where possible, we have tried to avoid the use of ancient technical terms, replete with literary allusions that could scare the reader, and in other cases be simply untranslatable.

The system of positions we have described was developed many centuries ago and was given in ancient texts. The most important aspect of physiognomy is the ability to practical application. If a system has worked well for thousands of years, then this is a significant argument to follow it now.

Looking at the diagram (Fig. 26), we will see that there are 99 positions indicated on it. Position 100 is not applied because it controls both the chin and jaw areas. As a general rule, it should be remembered that the wider the jaw and the more protruded the chin, the greater the chance of an individual to live to a hundred years or more.

The central part of the diagram is outlined by a dotted line drawn on both sides of the face and going around the chin. The area outside the dotted line covers the left and right profile of the face, as well as the bottom of the chin.

And the next thing. The Chinese system for determining a person's age differs from that accepted in the West. In China, for example, it is believed that a person is one year old at the time of his birth. In the West, a person still has to live whole year before he reaches his birthday.

This section applies the Chinese system. Therefore, the reader is cautioned to subtract one year from each item number to convert it to the Western system. Thus, a person aged 37 years in the Chinese system in the Western system would be 36 years old, and a person 37 years old in the Western system would be 38 years old in the Chinese system. In the diagram, position 37 refers to age 37 according to the Chinese system.

However, in terms of physiognomy, the difference can be neglected. Such a difference will have a certain meaning with a more in-depth study of “internal energy”, “seasonal changes”, skin coloring and so on, that is, everything that is included in the esoteric theories of the “Five Elements” and “I Ching”. All this is beyond the scope of this book.

Physiognomy in Chinese is more of an art form than an exact science. Physiognomy takes this into account, recognizing that what, for example, is reflected in position 48, can follow from position 47 and can also continue to position 49. The accuracy of the analysis largely depends on the experience of the physiognomist.

However, the two numbers are usually given together, especially in the chapter on "Face Analysis", in order to remind the reader of the difference, whatever that difference may be.

As already mentioned, a beginner in face reading should only become familiar with the main positions (see Fig. 26). There are only 13 of them. They are located in the middle of the face from top to bottom (positions 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 41, 44, 45, 51, 60, 70 and 71). In Chinese treatises these thirteen are known as "special positions" because they divide the face into two equal parts. If all positions on this imaginary line are in balance and proportion with other facial features, then it is most likely that such a person will have a good life from birth to death. The opposite will be true if the features in these positions are irregular and out of balance and proportion. A quick glance at the special positions will provide the physiognomist with basic material, as it were, and give him a solid basis for further analysis.

This does not mean that only specific positions are important. In fact, the positions associated with the Five Life Traits - eyebrows, eyes, nose, mouth and ears - are, as we will see, considered even more important, especially in the study of personality and character. Let us first examine the special positions.

POSITION 16 often reflects the individual's connection to parents, especially on the paternal side. An uneven, stained surface in this area indicates unloving parents and, possibly, an anxious childhood. A dark stripe in this area, especially if it extends to position 28, predicts impending misfortune. Discoloration of the skin in this area, which lasts for a long time, is a sure sign of failure and the failure of all aspirations.

POSITION 19 reflects the fate and character inherited from the mother's side. If the skin color in the area of ​​position 19 is radiant, without any dark or dull tint, then this indicates that the individual is likely to receive help from a high-ranking person. As a matter of fact, any radiant skin color, without a dark touch, is considered by physiognomists as a good omen. A bluish color in this position indicates unpleasant surprises. A yellow-red hue without shine is a sign of impending misfortune.

POSITION 22 relates to a person’s personal affairs. Combined with positions 19 and 25, it forms an area known as the "Place of Honors". These positions indicate prospects for obtaining or maintaining official positions, especially in government. The radiant, reddish-yellow hue in this area is a very favorable coloring, a sign that the individual will either get a good job or will soon receive a promotion. Dark or dull skin color in this area is a sign that the individual's position is under threat.

POSITION 25 is related to the current affairs of a person, and is also associated with prospects for the future. For a happy outcome, this area must be smooth and complete and without defects. Black moles mean a lack of patience, and hence repeated failures. Traces of scars on tissue or skin defects indicate trouble. If the surface around position 25 is sunken and dark, then this indicates a person of low intelligence. In short, if this attitude is complete and radiant, then this person is destined to arrange his life early and achieve brilliant success.

POSITION 28, OR "STAMP PLACE," is perhaps the most significant of all the thirteen special positions. The archaic term "Place of Brand" means that this position determines an individual's ability to achieve high social status and social prosperity.

The physiognomist should examine this area with great care. Is it wide or narrow? Is it sufficiently clean and free from any defects? Doesn't the flesh rise up? Is the bone structure well formed?

If the area separating the eyebrows is wide – about 3.5–3.7 – this is considered a good sign. If this area is fleshy and marked with deep vertical grooves, up to four, this indicates a person of enormous vitality. Under the big vitality ancient texts implied greater sensuality. In people with square or round faces, fleshiness and four or more vertical furrows indicate a high degree of both physical and mental maturity. Such people are quite common among men, but very rare among women. For women, this means strong will, independence, and desire for a career.

Defects or distortions in position 28 indicate that the individual is unlikely to succeed in what he sets out to do. For a woman, this means that she is unlikely to find a suitable match, no matter how persistently she strives for it.

An individual with smooth skin in this area, either male or female, has a feminine nature. Such women are good housewives, and in the case of men, this indicates artistic talent.

If the flesh in the area of ​​position 28 is well defined and slightly “raised,” especially on thin faces, then this indicates the presence of outstanding mental abilities. The term "elevated" refers to a one-quarter to one-half inch swelling of the tissues resulting from internal causes. These raised areas, sometimes called “bumps,” may also appear around the temples. At full sunlight It can be difficult to detect raised flesh and it is therefore advisable to perform the analysis under controlled lighting.

Physiognomists attribute the phenomenon of “bumps” to internal energy and interpret them as an unmistakable sign of a change in the fate of an individual. "Lumps" also indicate a person's maturity and logical abilities, and therefore they have a strong influence on success and failure in life. Most often, they begin to appear in this area at the age of thirty.

The physiognomist must also determine the color of the skin in this area. According to ancient texts, blackish color indicates gastric diseases; bluish – for kidneys; reddish – for heart disease. A black mole in this place means a chronic illness. The area between positions 18 and 15 is also known as the “Luck Corridor”. If the surface of this area is concave or uneven, then this person is unlikely to achieve his intended goal in life.

POSITION 41, or “FOOT OF THE MOUNTAIN,” determines a person’s destiny in relation to marriage and family. If this position shows concavity and is marked by horizontal lines, then this is a sign of marital troubles. If the eyebrows creep over the eyes and the bridge of the nose deviates to one side, this indicates further disasters, ranging from serious illness to prison and death in the middle years of life. In such cases, if the other vital features are balanced and proportionate, and the complexion is light and the voice is clear, then the distress will be noticeably mitigated.

POSITION 44 is associated with the middle years of life. A wrinkle in this area indicates a lack of luck. A darkish color, even faint, indicates a serious illness in the family. A mole in this place portends complications with the opposite sex.

POSITION 45 – if there is no fracture in the bone structure and the color of the skin is shiny and reddish, then this indicates a happy fate. A fracture or dull color indicates otherwise.

POSITION 48 reflects the active years in a person's life. This position should be fleshy, well rounded and healthy looking, preferably light red in color. Good shape without healthy skin color means frustration and/or failure. Eeliness and other defects in this area indicate financial failure.

POSITION 51, or AVERAGE PERSON, determines the probability of having offspring. If the philtrum is not straight and central to the upper lip, the individual will die without leaving offspring.

POSITION 60 in balance and proportion in a closed position indicates a strong will.

If both corners of the mouth are closed upward, then this is a sign of financial and commercial success. If the mouth opens and closes without clumsiness, then this signifies an expansive mind and varied tastes. Glossy red lips bode well for the future.

POSITION 70 is determined mainly by color. If it is dark, then the person should avoid traveling. If the coloring is red, white or blue and lacks shine, then the individual may be the victim of foul play.

POSITION 71 relates to hard work and treachery. If the tip of the chin is pointed, then this speaks of endless labor and poverty. If the chin is pointed and deviates to one side, then this indicates that such a person will respond to kindness with betrayal. A brilliant reddish color predicts a happy event. Cloudy red eye color indicates misfortune associated with fire. Other positions on the diagram related to the Five Essential Traits will be discussed in subsequent chapters.

It is very important to emphasize once again that the face reader must weigh, analyze, correlate the data collected from reading each position before drawing a conclusion regarding the fate and character of the individual. Reading this or that individual trait cannot reveal full story individual.

Types of people in European physiognomy

European physiognomy divides people into seven planetary types. Despite all the conventionality of this symbolism, it can be accepted as basic.

Pure type "Mars"

Mars is the ancient Roman god, warlike and courageous, corresponding to the ancient Greek Ares. The head of Mars type people, like their body, is square in shape. The skull has strong, thick bone and a wide horizontal section. Anatomists call this form brachycephalic, i.e. short-headed. The brachycephalic skull of the Martian type, as well as the terrestrial one, will create the so-called hard heads and differs from the dolichocephalic skull elongated from front to back, which the oval types have.

Martians' hair is usually brown. They are abundant if the Martian is not very arthritic. In the latter case they are rare or absent altogether: arthritic Martians are often bald. The Martian type forehead is usually small due to the fact that the hair begins to grow low above it; such a forehead is less intellectualized than a forehead, for example, of the solar type. The frontal bones, protruding forward, are moderately developed. The more developed they are, the more intelligent the Martian type.

The brow ridges of the Martian type - one of the very significant features - protrude powerfully forward. They are overgrown with thick, coarse eyebrows, forming a strong line above the eyes, which can be represented schematically as a horizontal line. This arrangement of the brow arches and eyebrows of Martians reveals the main dominant feature of their psyche - energy.

The more energy the Martian has, the lower he brings his eyebrows together and the closer he moves one eyebrow to the other, so that one or two vertical lines are formed between them. Persistent Martians frown and knit their eyebrows so tightly that they can see them under their eyes as one line. The Martians' gaze is focused, firm, bold, direct, honest and insightful.

The cheekbones of the face are wide. The nose is strong and usually straight. A straight nose type is often complemented by a straight forehead. The nose of Martians is aquiline. The mouth is strong, large, lips are compressed. The artist schematized the Martian’s compressed lips without depicting the lower lip (see Fig. 22a). The Martian's lips also have a decisive line expressing energy (Fig. 22b).

The Martian's chin is short, quadrangular, protruding forward. It harmonizes perfectly with the highly developed lower jaw, with its convex corners.

Rice. 27. Schematic representation of a male (a) and female (b) “Mars” type face

Take a closer look at the drawings that represent a Martian and a Martian woman. What makes these two individuals special? Eyebrows and jaws. But do not rush to determine the Mars types of those whose eyebrows and jaws are not distinguished together.

Psychologically, the dominant feature of Martians is energy: it is expressed in the line of the eyebrows, pursed lips, square chin and protruding jaw angles. The more sharply these features are expressed, the more unyielding their will. The purest and most well-built type of Martian is capable of meeting the greatest dangers.

They are self-confident, complacent, optimistic, very proud and often arrogant. They speak loudly, clearly and clearly. They like to command and often flare up when someone does not share their views. They are proud and violent, but their anger is short-lived. Intelligent Martians (those with larger foreheads than others) are generous and love the truth. They tend to protect the weak. They are terrible when they stand up to the enemy, they fight honestly and never attack an unarmed enemy. They are distinguished by knightly courage. Faithful this word, To the Fatherland, honest in business.

They make good companions, warriors, faithful to their duty, respectable heads of the family. Enormous energy encourages them to carnal love. They look at the latter as a sacred duty or as a medicine that must be swallowed as quickly as possible. In any case, sentimental motives do not play with them main role: Their driving force is duty. They prefer intense work to contemplative life and art. Distrustful by nature, they are often materialists, which does not, however, prevent them from sometimes showing the most superstitious fanaticism.

Pure type "Earth"

Terrestrial types, like Martian ones, belong to the square morphological type: their skull is brachycephalic, i.e. they are broad-headed. Their hair is thick and forms a low forehead, which is very similar to the forehead of a Martian, but the latter is more intelligent. He has the same wrinkles, which speak of the same dominant features.

Eyebrows are more shaggy and prominent. The eyes are small and set deeper. The cheekbones are large. The nose is wider and slightly upturned at the end. Compare the noses of the terrestrial types, which Bailly drew, with the noses of the solar and mercurial types, and you will understand the psychological difference. The mouth of Earth types is compressed, the lips are irregular, poorly defined and often quite thick.

The chin is short and square, protruding forward. The neck is strongly muscled, the head is pulled into the shoulders.

Rice. 28. Schematic representation of the male (a) and female (b) type “Earth”

Even a quick glance at Fig. 28 ( A And b) will show you that these typical earth types (both male and female) are people of weak intellect but extremely energetic. Among the earthly types there are more intelligent ones than those shown here. Compare the forehead and eyebrows of square types - Mars, Earth (Figures 27 and 28), with the forehead and eyebrows of oval types - Mercury, Sun, Venus (Figures 29, 30, 31), and you will understand that the psychological dominant of square types is energy , and oval - mind.

So, the main psychological feature of earthly types, as well as Martian ones, is will. They use it in the realm of matter. These types produce tireless manual workers, thrifty but often dirty, who eat a lot and drink a lot. They prefer simple food to elegant treats, strong drinks to clean water, and are strongly attached to their native land, to their native hearth. Perseverance in work is unimaginable, their ideas are stable, but limited and deprived of the opportunity to develop and improve. Stubborn to the point of obstinacy. Loyal to their friends and promises.

Like the Martian types, they are angry, but their anger flares up more slowly. When their anger boils, it is terrible. Like Martian types, they feel attracted to carnal love, but do not know how to choose lovers for themselves. In love they have a simple taste and do not really choose those to whom they give themselves. You will not find any artistic flair, intuition, or enthusiasm among them. They observe soberly and coldly, they see the benefits and benefits that can be derived from things, and not their beauty.

Women of this type are workers. They command with soul and authority. They do not submit to their lovers or husbands. Women are treated with contempt, men are treated as their own. Carnally voluptuous. They are good mothers, but still punish their children severely if they make any mistake.

Earth types succeed in life thanks to work. Their perseverance in work always provides them with any place in the sun. The most intelligent earthly types can also become scientists. The latter succeed only in the field of exact and deductive sciences.

Slow and difficult to rise, strong on their feet, awkward in their gestures, they avoid the “light”, prefer the forest to the theater, have few friends, and do not know how to show themselves. They don't know polished nails.

The lower earthly types are extremely rude and cruel, treat their loved ones and animals poorly, and exhibit sadistic tendencies.

Pure type "Mercury"

Mars and Earth are square types, have a wide brachycephalic skull, and Mercury, like other oval types, has a skull that is elongated from front to back, that is, dolichocephalic. His hair is thin, thick, light brown or chestnut in color. The forehead is straight, larger than the forehead of the Mars or Earth types. Calm Mercurians have a smooth forehead, while nervous ones have wrinkles.

Mercurians lack vertical lines on the forehead, at the base of the nose. This is because they are not used to straining their attention and committing volitional efforts. Their eyebrows are arched, and not horizontal, like those of Mars and Earth types. The more arched the eyebrows, the weaker the control of will of the Mercurians. The eyes of the Mercurian type are large, lively, intelligent, observant. In good Mercurians, they open wide and look straight. But in the evil and crafty, they lengthen and become almond-shaped. Those Mercury types that you should be wary of have the pupil half-opened under the upper eyelid. Forty-year-old women need to beware of younger Mercurians, among whom there are many dancers with similar eyes.

The nose of Mercurians is straight and thin at the bottom. The owner of the evil and sly look that we mentioned above usually has a sharp nose. It is impossible to establish any similarity between the noses of the Earth and Mars types, on the one hand, and the Mercury type, on the other. Only a comparative look at the drawings is enough to confirm this fact.

Mercurians' lips are thin and very symmetrical. The upper lip is often very thin. Sometimes it is almost faintly outlined. Such lips, which very often correspond to almond-shaped eyes and a very pointed nose (see Fig. 29 a and b), are always a sign of extreme rationality. They mean weak sensitivity, but strong self-control and cold prudence in all cases of life.

A Mercurian of the same type gives herself away, thinking more about the benefits that may follow than about the physical pleasure that she can receive. The Martian connects herself with some man for the sake of the victory that she can win over him. The earthly and Venusian types of women give themselves over with all their feelings for the very satisfaction of the flesh. The Mercurian offers herself while simultaneously considering what the consequences and benefits will be.

Rice. 29. Schematic representation of the male (a) and female (b) Mercury type

The chin of Mercurians is narrow, elongated, even too elongated (among neuropathic Mercurians). The less refined the chin, the more energy there is in it. Energetic Mercurians are rare. Signs of their energy are eyebrows that converge almost in a horizontal line, compressed lips and a short chin. There are also weak-willed Mercurians - they have restless, excited movements, nervous habits.

The dominant psychological trait of Mercurians is not energy, as with square types, but a quick mind. Mercurians have many ideas, often even a lot, and the most diverse ones. They understand and assimilate quickly and immediately adapt to the conditions and environment; they have an amazing gift for quickly grasping things on the fly, since they are susceptible to influence and suggestion.

You will meet them in all branches of human activity: politics, art, trade, science. They have time wherever they need to think more than do. They easily make an impression, especially in the eyes of superficial people. Rarely have deep knowledge. Their ideas, if developed, could be implemented more often. But they replace one idea with another before the first has produced results.

The Mercuryian gives the idea, the Martian and the Saturnian implement it in practice.

Pure type "Sun"

The skull of solar types, like those of Mercurian types, is dolichocephalic, i.e. long-headed. The face is oval. This oval is very clean and beautiful. The hair is beautiful, light brown or brown, gracefully covering the head and slightly curly. Solar type temples are usually bare. They are often bald - to a greater or lesser extent (see Fig. 30).

A solar type face radiates balance, harmony and calm strength. The forehead is large and superbly intellectual. It is convex both across and in length, from top to bottom: the frontal bones, protruding upward, are well developed. This one is in stark contrast to the flat foreheads of Mars, Earth and Mercury. It is most similar to the forehead of a Venusian: there is not a single wrinkle that would betray overwork, nervousness and effort, the skin is surprisingly smooth.

Martian and Earth types frown their foreheads, expressing desire. The sun desires completely naturally, without wincing or frowning - so complete is its autocracy. The sunny forehead is the most beautiful of all types.

Rice. 30. Male (a) and female (b) “Sun” type

Aristocratically graceful, but quite thick eyebrows express energy even in a calm state. There is no need for them to frown (see Figure 30). The eyes are large, open, with beautiful eyelashes. They look directly, honestly, without threat, without coercive force, but not weakly either, they look at you bewitchingly. The iris, almost completely covered by the eyelids, is dotted with gold spots. The sunny type nose harmonizes well with his convex forehead - it is slightly “pointed” and thin at the top.

The lips are beautiful: not very big and not very small. The upper lip is well defined (very different from the straight and flat upper lip of Mercury). The lower lip is proportional to the upper. The folds at the tips of the lips do not express either contempt, as is often the case with Mercurians, or pessimism (as with Saturnians), or effort (as with Mars and Earth). They talk about dignity, self-control, calmness, kindness. A sunny smile is sober and kind.

The chin confirms and emphasizes the balance expressed by the lips: it is not as short and square as in the Martian and Earth types, and not as elongated as in the Mercurian. Although this chin is square, it is also part of an oval face.

Solar types are surprisingly calm and strong. The word that best expresses their state of mind is cloudless brightness. The solar type radiates complete self-control, happiness, and strength. He evokes admiration mixed with fear among those around him.

Solar type is an expression of harmony. He could use his energy, but he saves it. He represents strength at rest, self-confident strength, which does not manifest itself unnecessarily, because it knows that at the first call it will immediately, in one leap, rise to its feet, ready to flash like lightning.

In the eyes of the solar type one can read an unshakable energy associated with a captivating meekness. With just one glance, these eyes amaze or heal.

The speech of the solar type is sonorous and trembling with a clear timbre. She knows how to conquer, throw thunder, and forgive. Solar types can become students in all branches of human knowledge. Large organizers, industrialists, bankers, and executives are born among people of the solar type. Their superiority over others is the reason why they find it difficult to find a friend in love. The sunny type of man suffers from female pettiness. A woman of the sunny type, noble, with a developed mind, searches in vain for a man who will surpass her.

Pure type "Venus"

The skull and face of Venusians have in their main features the same structure as other oval types. Their hair is thick and beautiful. They are not straight, like those of Mercurians, and do not curl in large waves, like those of the Solar type, they are fluffy.

The forehead of Venus is not as developed as the forehead of the sun, but is similar to it. Like the sunny type, he is calm, without wrinkles. But while the forehead of the solar type remains calm due to the complete self-control of its owner, the forehead of the Venusian remains impassive for its own sake, as well as for fear of old age. The eyebrows are exquisite, quite thick and arched.

They more often rise to a position of passive contemplation than to descend to a position of will.

The physiognomist distinguishes between Martian and terrestrial types a square jaw and low arched eyebrows. Mercurians have a sly look and a smile that illuminates their thin and pointed nose. The solar type has a majestic forehead and a magnetic gaze. Venusians have the size of their eyes and their charming, captivating tenderness.

Rice. 31. Schematic representation of the male (a) and female (b) “Venus” type

The eyes of Venusians do not express any furious energy, no guile, no mental superiority; they express love (see Fig. 31).

A harmonious curtain of eyelashes further enhances the charm that these eyes exude. Venus's gaze expresses subtle sensitivity and developed intuition.

Mars, Earth and the Sun judge deductively, Mercury and Venus inductively - they guess. The nose of Venusians is often coquettishly turned up, slightly, like some lunar types. The flaring nostrils highlight the sensitivity that radiates from their eyes. The lips are plump and well defined. The vertical line that runs from the nose to the lip is gracefully deepened.

The lips of a Venusian woman have nothing rational, they are sensitive. They complement what the eyes and nose say. The smile that adorns her is an example of a woman's smile. She has an amazing charm. The face is completed by a rounded chin, the middle of which is sometimes decorated with a small, pleasant dimple.

Venus is a female type. Her strength is not in muscles, not in will: it lies in her intuition. Men of the Venusian type are soft, sensitive, impressionable, gentle, and modest. They love to be caressed, well-groomed, and well received. Martian and solar types want to look strong, Mercurians want to look smart, Jupiterians want to look important and serious, and Venusians want to look beautiful.

They are easy to laugh and cry. This is true and easily explained, given their weak mental control.

This happy people- nature seems to please itself by showering them with its gifts, and usually the success they have exceeds their merits. This is true especially for women - they succeed more due to their charm than their business skills.

Venusians, male or female, are faithful in friendship, but not always faithful in love. They fall in love easily and strongly, but their passions are like fire from straw. They are afraid of struggle, effort, overwork.

Venusians are not like Martians who love activity, nor like earth types who love their estates, nor like Jupiterians who love their shops: they love their boudoir, decorated with mirrors and creams.

A Venusian is a handsome man who wants to please women more with the sophistication of his clothes and manners than with the power of his mind. The Venusian has the beautiful face of a coquette, trembling with love. People fall in love with such women only because of their beauty.

Pure type "Jupiter"

Let us remember that Jupiterians are square or oval types, deformed due to a sedentary life. If the Martian, terrestrial, Mercurian, solar and Venusian types begin to get fat, if the square and oval become rounded, this means the type is Jupiterized.

This is why Jupiterians are very different from one another: they only have in common the leading features of their type.

To distinguish between Jupiterians, you need to be able to recognize what type they come from.

Jupiterians are usually bald, to a greater or lesser extent, and suffer from arthritis to one degree or another. Their forehead is almost without wrinkles, because they live a free life. Their eyebrows are arched. The eyes are big, open, sincere, honest. The nose is large, the lower part is fleshy.

Martian, terrestrial, Mercurian, solar, Venusian types of noses, thickening in the lower part, form the Jupiterian type of nose. However, most often the Jovian nose comes from the straight nose type. The lips of Jupiterians are large, fleshy, and poorly defined. They close poorly. The lower lip is slightly drooping. A characteristic feature of a Jupiterian smile is good nature.

Jupiter doesn't like to shave much; hair gives him importance. If the Martian wears a short and bristly mustache, the Earth type leaves it growing like bushes, the Mercurian and Solar types like to go clean-shaven, and the Venusians wear a thin mustache, the Jovian type leaves it long, covering at least the upper lip. The Jupiterian's beard is thick and majestic. The Jupiterian - and she has a mustache and a beard (see Fig. 32).

Rice. 32. Face type of a man (a) and a woman (b) of the Jupiter type

Neither a Mercurian nor a Venusian would allow hair on their face. But they are great for a Jupiterian because they give her an important look.

The Jupiterian beard is wide and thick. Jupiterians are created to dominate. A beautiful appearance, a lush beard, a big belly, and the good nature that emanates from them prepare them for the role of comforters and reconciliators.

The main secretary, the active person on whom everything depends, can be the Martian, solar or Jupiterian types. But a person who represents any society or association can only be a Jupiterian. Managers large states and republics, as a rule, people are of the Jupiterian type or with strongly expressed Jupiterian character traits.

The figure shows a leader, a typical Jupiterian. His forehead is low. Strongly rounded eyebrows and eyes enhance good nature, turning it into humility. A very large lower part of the nose and fleshy lips show an excessive appetite for food and drink, greater than that of an ordinary Jupiterian. This person seems to prefer a glass of wine to a cup of water.

The other Jupiterian type is much more intelligent. Some Jupiterians, as we have already said, are perfectly suited to the role of accountant of a large trading house. There her abilities can be revealed: methodicality, love of order, honesty.

Jupiterians are cheerful and optimistic people by nature. They prefer a prosperous life, delicious food, and love to while away the evenings with family and friends. As a rule, they are good spouses, serious and peaceful, affectionate and helpful, but not flirtatious.

Regarding the Jupiterians, you need to know what type they come from: if they are Martian or terrestrial, then they are more energetic than those who descended from the Mercury type. If, for example, a Jupiterian leader comes from a Mercury type, then he uses the qualities of Mercury as a shield, escaping difficult situations.

Pure type "Moon"

Lunar types have a round skull and face. Hair is light brown, ash or brown. They are usually smooth in men and smooth or curly in women. The forehead is round and convex. The eyebrows are arched. This is a sign that indicates that among lunar types, surprise is not so much a temporary, transitory property, but rather their morphological feature. The eyes, like the eyebrows, also express surprise: they are large, gentle, dreamy, kind. In lower lunar types they are stupid.

The nose is usually widened downwards and turned up. It is similar to the Venusian one, but wider. The lips are also like those of a Venusian, but not as beautiful. The Lunar type is not free from carnal appetites, but they have more reason than the Venusian type. The chin is round, thick, soft - it lacks energy.

Rice. 33. Pure male (a) and female (b) “Moon” type

Moon types are people of imagination and impressionable natures. They are meek, quiet, dreamy, fearful, and love peace. Sociable, inquisitive with others, cheerful, like children. Lunar types are not created for a brutal struggle in life - they are contemplative natures.

Usually they are officials and as such they are pleasant, disciplined, honest, and conscientious. They execute well but manage poorly because they lack determination.

A Moon type woman is charming. She smiles pleasantly and tries to please you, although she remains shy and reserved. Her gaze is full of poetry. He talks about those fabulous dreams with which her soul is full. Timid, often superstitious, she prefers to be near her husband all the time, perceiving him as a strong support. Religious by nature, she senses God in nature. She cares about beautiful music, beautiful paintings. She has strong intuition and a developed sense of harmony.

Quite cold in her feelings, she is voluptuous in her imagination. Mentally, she is very different from the Venusian, whom she sometimes resembles and with whom a beginner in physiognomy may confuse her. (For comparison, re-read what was said about the Venusian.)

People of the lower lunar type are lazy, deceitful, stupid, prone to cunning and gossip. Women of this type can lie to their husbands even when they are loved. Their innocence is apparent.

Pure lunar types have a purely lymphatic temperament. Their skin is very white and suffers from contact with the sun's rays. Their skin turns red from the sun, rather than darkening like other types. They cannot use sun healing as favorably as the Martian, solar, Mercury and earth types can. Homely by nature, they become fat and develop arthritis.

They also suffer from an enlarged stomach, so in the morning their tongue is white, and when they wake up they still feel tired. Lazy digestion and a large liver are another sign of this type. In youth, they are prone to toxic headaches and glandular diseases.

Pure type "Saturn"

As we have already said, Martian, terrestrial, Jupiterian, solar, Mercury types are sanguine natures with light ruddy skin. Lunar types are lymphatic, i.e. with pale skin. Venusian - lymphatic-sanguinistic.

Saturnian types differ sharply from the above in their bileness. Saturn marks yellowish skin. But it’s not just skin color that makes a Saturnian stand out. It is always immediately noticeable. If he enters your office or walks along the other side of the street, you should immediately recognize him: who he is, what he thinks, what he suffers from. All this is written in large letters on his appearance: in the matte color of his skin, in his black and thick hair, in his sad look, in the angularity of his lines, in the disappointment that emanates from his smile.

The face of a Saturnian is quadrangular. The forehead is quite intellectualized, but not in the same way as that of the solar type: it is not the frontal bones that protrude, but the anterolateral parts of the skull. This is a very characteristic structure. The skull seems to expand the upper part of the quadrangle, which represents the face of the Saturnian, and turns it into a trapezoid (Fig. 34a).

Hair often grows low above the forehead. Let us also repeat that they are black, even very black, abundant, thick and usually smooth and shiny. The Saturnian has to shave twice; If you shave in the morning, by the evening your chin becomes dark again, and this changes its appearance.

Rice. 34. Male (a) and female (b) Saturn face types

The Saturnian (Fig. 34b) has a dark mustache above her upper lip. The eyebrows of Saturnians are thick and black, with the angle turned upward. The eyes seem to follow their shape; they are triangular. In the Saturnian’s gaze one can read pessimism, mistrust, and exactingness. She peers deep into things and phenomena, inside herself.

The Saturnian's nose is a straight nose: usually wide at the root and tapering downwards. The lips are thin, compressed, expressing bitter contempt. The chin is angular.

Mentally, Saturnians are serious, thoughtful, nervous, and sad. The Saturnian thinks and is bored. He is a nocturnal creature. At night he feels better and works easier. His complexion looks more welcoming in artificial light. Saturnian is more beautiful in the evening.

The Saturnian, with his weak muscles and narrow chest, does not know the pleasure of breathing freely and deeply pure air and basking naked in the sun. Sun, cold water hurt him. The brain dominates his life.

A large number of so-called rational types are Saturnians. They feel best when they are away from the world.

Their misanthropy finds refuge in laboratories, where they become one of the most caring, most industrious and modest scientists, in institutions where they diligently put their accounts in order - in a word, in all positions where seriousness, observation, and hard work are needed.

Mixed types

The eight types we have described are very rare. Almost all types are mixed, but it was still necessary to describe the pure types in more detail.

A physiognomist who knows pure types well can discern at a glance the dominant type in a person. This is the first thing he must do. After this, he must ask himself: “What is this dominant type combined with? Is he strengthened or weakened, has he gained or lost anything intellectually from this or that mixture?

Without a doubt, in order to correctly identify the components of any physiognomy, a student needs to work in the field of physiognomy for a long time and he will have to make mistakes more than once. You need to learn to reduce the face you are studying to a diagram, a monogram. We have had students who, at the beginning of their physiognomic practice, saw a square chin that was in fact round, or vigorous eyebrows that were essentially not that way. Others called fair skin saturnian, and pure pink skin lymphatic.

Through constant practice, the physiognomist eventually acquires the ability to distinguish the components of a face. For example, it is always easy to find at least two components: one main, the other secondary. Very often three open. But since the study of triple types will take us very far and complicate the study, which, due to its novelty, should be simpler, we will limit ourselves to the study of the main double types.

To understand mixed types well and acquire the ability to quickly distinguish them in the faces of others, you must study more than just the text of this book. Afterwards you need to turn to the drawings - any image is imprinted in our memory much better than a thousand explanations.

If you master the drawings of eight simple types and monograms, then you will have in a potential state the entire science of physiognomy. And then there is nothing left but to compare, combine, combine. This is a very exciting job.

We especially recommend careful study of monograms: everything that is not clear can be schematized with several lines. It's really fun to draw mixed type monograms. We have chosen not to do this here to keep the presentation simple. We leave it to students to draw these monograms themselves, using the data available in the chapter “Mixed Types”, as well as the drawings attached to this chapter.

We name mixed types by their components. For example, the Sun-Mars is a face in which we discover the characteristic features of the solar and Martian types. We put the main, predominant type in first place. For example, if a person is predominantly of the Martian type, but also has signs of the solar type, then we call it Mars-Sun.

To quickly distinguish the mixed types of which we are speaking, and to save time, we recommend that the reader, after considering a drawing of any mixed type, turn to the drawings representing the pure types, even if the reader thinks he knows them well. This way he will immediately understand what elements the combination consists of.

Rice. 35. Mixed face type

So, for example, in Fig. 35 you see a mixed Sun-Mars type. Don't be lazy and take another look at the rice. 30, which represents the solar type, and Fig. 27, representing the Martian type.

First of all, we will study the four combinations of the Sun. After you have taken a quick and general look at the four clichés, turn to the pure solar type in Fig. 30a and b and pay attention to the protruding upper part of the face of a person of the solar type: his forehead and nose are where the Sun leaves its imprint most often. (Energetic Mars leaves its mark on the jaws, sensual Venus most often on the lips, and so on.)

Four foreheads, four noses - sunny. You probably already recognized the rest of the face by carefully examining the figure. 30 and using the table.

Check your diagnosis by taking another look at Mars, Mercury, Venus and Jupiter.

What happens when several types are combined? Very simple: positive and negative qualities combine and complement each other.

If, for example, the Martian type is mixed with the Venusian type, then this person will be more sensitive and more sentimental than the pure Martian type, but more energetic than the pure Venusian type. In other words, his energy will be sensitive to certain influences of a sentimental nature. But his sentimentality will never have complete dominance over sober reason.

Don't you now think that it is very easy to imagine all possible combinations and fully guess their character? We give here some other most characteristic features of mixed types. The reader himself will add details to these characteristics, which we do not want to interfere with.

The Solar-Martian type combines energy with broad intellectual abilities. These two energetic types reinforce each other. The Sun intellectualizes Mars, expands its field of ideas and gives it amazing clarity and radiance. Sun-Mars is the most powerful and most impressive among human types. This is an example of fruitful activity that manifests itself in all areas of life. No dreams, no vague visions - only precise actions. Napoleon belongs to this type.

The Solar-Mercurian type is more intelligent, more noble. He is more energetic, more pleasant, calmer, less anxious than the pure Mercurian type. This is one of the most beautiful combinations.

The Solar-Mercurian type quickly understands things than the Solar-Martian type, assimilates them better, and is more flexible (Mercury). While Sun-Mars is the commander-in-chief, Sun-Mercury is the big banker or factory director.

The Solar-Venus type combines the intelligence of the Sun with the sensitivity of Venus. This is a gorgeous female type. A man of this type is an intelligent, loving, but often unfaithful companion. Satisfaction of appetites occupies a prominent place in his life. He, however, deceives women nobly.

The Sun-Jupiter combination creates leaders. People of this type do not have the intense activity of the pure solar type. These are those who gained success and “rested on their laurels.” Intellectually, Sun-Jupiter people are taller than pure Jupiterians and more energetic. People turn to them for advice because their advice is wise.

Turn to the pure Mercurial type, and then consider the four faces of this type. You will see the same sly look, long and thin nose, flat upper lip, sharp chin of the Mercurian.

The Mercury-Earth type is more intelligent than the pure earth type. This type produces revolutionaries: he has numerous ideas (Mercury), but is inclined to carry them out with violence (Earth) before these ideas are clarified and defined.

Many revolutionaries are Mercury-Earth types. Often they are also of the Moon-Earth type: flights of the lunar imagination then appear in their earthly energy.

Jupiter-Earth is a type of Bolshevik. Lenin belongs to this type.

The Mercury-Venus type is quicker to understand, more active and better assimilated than the corresponding pure types. The Mercury-Venus woman is intelligent and witty.

The French woman is a Mercury-Venus type who is artistic, sensitive by nature and loves to relax more than to work.

Mercury-Mars, like the Sun-Mars, connects intelligence with activity. But Mercury-Mars is more flexible, more artistic and subtle. Sometimes he is not as honest as Sun-Mars.

The Mercury-Saturn type will create those who are quick-witted (Mercury), melancholic, patient and conscientious (Saturn). Mercury gives Saturn a certain glow and gives him a smile from time to time.

The three most common combinations of the Moon are the Lunar-Mercurian, Lunar-Earth and Lunar-Venus types.

Moon-Mercury combines Mercurian intelligence with lunar imagination. Men of this type are less energetic. Women are sociable, witty, poetic and artistic.

“Moon-Earth” is an energetic, rude type (“Earth”), dreamy (“Moon”). He often gives, let us repeat again, a typical Bolshevik.

The Moon-Venus type as a woman is a beautiful doll. For a man, this combination is unfavorable because it does not correspond to achieving success in life.

The fourth type is Saturn-Mars. It brings together the sad energy of Saturn and the satisfied energy of Mars. But when Saturn-Mars leaves its mark on someone's face, then sadness dominates afterwards. The darker the skin of the Saturn-Mars type and the stronger the mournful note, the more the individual suffers from headaches and stomach ulcers. The lighter the skin, the stronger quality Mars: joy and self-satisfaction. The Saturn-Mars combination creates people of action (Mars) who are busy with their future (Saturn).

The most common combination of Jupiter is the Jupiter-Mercurian type. Jupiter-Mercury people are more dexterous than pure Jupiterians and more respectable than pure Mercurians. This combination is found among bankers, those involved in large financial transactions. People of this type tend to succeed in life.

A few examples

We will limit ourselves to a brief analysis of eight well-known persons: Louis XIV, Napoleon, Dante Alighieri, Henry III and Danton.

Louis XIV is a wonderful sunny type. It is interesting to note that the voice of the people, ignorant of physiognomy, dubbed Louis XIV the “Sun King.” His forehead, covered with a wig, is quite prominent. Large eyes with beautiful eyelashes, a bold look - all these are typical signs of the sunny type. The Bourbon nose is Apollonian, the same as Napoleon’s.

Delestre states: “All the great ambitious people who wanted to command others and keep them in their power, those who pursued one single goal, without despairing for a moment ... - they all had an aquiline nose.”

The typical: “You almost kept me waiting,” Louis XIV, is written both in his gaze and in his chin. Indeed, solar types, like Martian and Mercury types, do not like to wait. But not from neurotic impatience, like the Mercurians, but because they value time: their minutes are counted.

The lower part of the king's face is Jupiterized: the neck is thick, the lower lip is large and slightly drooping. It expresses the sensuality and passion for exquisite dishes that prevailed under Louis XIV.

Napoleon's head was considered by Lavater as the ideal of the human head. The Emperor belongs to the Solar-Martian, predominantly solar type. Napoleon's forehead, at once Martian and sunny, is surprisingly calm and intelligent. The bony bulge that protrudes between the knitted eyebrows, further emphasizing it, shows enormous mental control. It explains the ease with which Napoleon could dictate three letters at once. The eyes are sunny, extremely magnetic, embracing everything with one glance, subordinating everything to their will. It is clear why the most experienced warriors of his army trembled under this gaze. A chin, square and round at the same time, speaks of a person who can achieve the most high position in the world.

Dante Alighieri is a Saturnian. Small eyes that look for reasons and peer inside, a nose, contemptuously curved lips, a chin, a neck, shoulders, clothes and a hat - everything is Saturnian. Compare Dante's heavy hat with that of Henry III.

The Saturn mark on Dante's face explains the ideas that permeate his Divine Comedy. Dante delved into all spheres of human knowledge, he was a passionate and desperate fighter (remember his speeches against the Ghibellines, his exile).

Henry III is a typical Mercurian, intelligent but with bad instincts. His intelligence can be seen in his almost sunny forehead, and his bad instincts can be seen in his sidelong glance. It is enough to look at the eyes of Henry III to stop wondering why he gave the order to kill the Duke of Guise. But let's not forget that there are also excellent Mercurians who do not kill anyone.

Danton is an Earth-Moon type. Wild earthly energy, combined with the most beautiful lunar visions, was to make him one of the brilliant types of revolutionaries, a living embodiment of the French people, capable of destroying everything for the sake of an idea and rising to the scaffold for it with a smile on their lips.

About facial expressions

Facial expression is a classic area of ​​study for the physiognomist. Not knowing her data means being susceptible to serious physiognomic errors. Often we happened to change, using the data of facial expressions, the diagnosis made by studying the forms.

Let's say you meet a person who is morphologically beautiful, of the Jupiterian type, and come to the conclusion that he has intelligence, innate good nature, harmony in mental abilities, and mental balance.

But this man begins to speak. Before uttering the first word, he begins to laugh - neither to the village nor to the city, raises his eyebrows, frowns his brow, moves his mustache with a nervous movement. His unaesthetic facial expressions conflict with his morphology, and medical and psychological research confirms this. Yes, he is intelligent and kind, but he is a timid, weak-willed person.

While morphological type is created in an investigative way, facial expressions are the result of education. If the Jupiterian in our example had spent his childhood in an environment where he was taught to want to express himself, he would not have become a neuropath and his facial expressions would have expressed a strong nature. This statement is a powerful support for those who observe signs of moral weakness in themselves. By improving our mental culture, we improve our nature, and this is a worthy goal.

People who are not subject to strong passions have calm facial expressions. These are lunar types - meek dreamers, Venusian types - passive people, as well as those Jupiterians who have indulged in a free life and have a calm or slightly frowning face.

About forehead facial expressions

On the faces of eternally trembling people (Mercury type), as well as on the faces of eternally busy people (Saturn type), wrinkles often appear already in youth. The deeper the wrinkles, the more they emphasize the ideas they represent. “The depth of the fold of any material indicates its frequent and daily use,” noted Delestre. Of course, you need to be able to distinguish mental wrinkles from those that appear from rapid fattening.

The movements of the forehead are closely related to the movements of the eyebrows.

“The forehead of a good man,” says Delestre, “bears the clarity of his conscience.” If the forehead is without wrinkles, this is the forehead of weak-willed, indecisive people (lunar and Venusian types and the like). The forehead rises above their light brown arched eyebrows, which are usually thin and emphasize the simplicity of their owner and the lack of reactions on the part of their passions.

Neuropaths have horizontal wrinkles on their foreheads that are the result of frequent raising of the eyebrows, a familiar gesture of constant surprise. The smallest work causes them to wrinkle their foreheads.

Balanced natures (Mars, Sun) have the smallest number of horizontal wrinkles on their foreheads, because they do not wrinkle in surprise: their foreheads are wrinkled vertically in the area where intense, strong-willed attention is expressed, that is, between the eyebrows at the root of the nose. Thus, vertical wrinkles go hand in hand with horizontal and thick eyebrows (“Mars”). The depth of the vertical wrinkle and wrinkles generally determines the size of mental control.

If the vertical wrinkle about which we're talking about, is very deep, it means a capricious and even violent will. In this case, it is accompanied by thick and unruly eyebrows of a Martian or earth type. This type of forehead and eyebrows is found in people who are not amenable to any discipline. Delestre saw many such faces in prisons.

If you want to know whether the person who offers you his services (whether he is a man or a woman) can become an active and efficient employee, observe his forehead and eyebrows during a conversation. If he raises his eyebrows and horizontal wrinkles form on his forehead, he may be an active person, but nervous, and his activity will certainly be disordered and uneven.

If he shifts his eyebrows, as a result of which his forehead tightens and two or three vertical wrinkles appear between his eyes, then this is a person who can listen and concentrate: he really wants to work and has a desire to succeed. This person can advance far in his career.

Characteristics of the forehead and fortune telling

Wrinkles on the forehead, like the lines on the palm, correspond to the planets and carry certain information that reflects the character and abilities of a person. The uppermost wrinkle is located at the edge of the hair and falls under the auspices of Saturn and protects children. Below it is the wrinkle of Jupiter, showing a predisposition to religiosity. Next comes the wrinkle of Mars - this one patronizes the military. Below is the wrinkle of the Sun, which is especially favorable to rulers. Even lower is the wrinkle of Venus - a feature of rulers. The Mercury wrinkle that follows it indicates susceptibility to illness and suffering.

IN different schools different divisions of wrinkles, including the one shown in the figure.

Five wrinkles of equal length in the middle of the forehead speak of great intelligence, directness and integrity both in the family and in the service. Such a person is an ascetic who sacrifices himself for the happiness of his neighbor.

The deep and smooth wrinkle of Saturn marks the sexy champion. If the wrinkles of Jupiter and Saturn are curved in the shape of a bow, then their owner is distinguished by ambition. If these two wrinkles are tortuous, then they belong to a dishonest person, a liar. The fracture in the center of Jupiter's wrinkle indicates great spiritual strength. Travelers are characterized by a single straight wrinkle. If the only wrinkle wriggles like a snake, such a person is strong in both soul and body. The versatility of interests and talents is indicated by two equal deep wrinkles above the eyebrows. If there are many small and fine wrinkles above the eyebrows, then this indicates poor health.

Rice. 36. Distribution of wrinkles on the forehead according to European astrological principles: 1 – line of Saturn; 2 – line of Jupiter; 3 – line of Mars; 4 – line of Venus; 5 – line of the Sun; 6 – line of the Moon; 7 – line of Mercury

Above the right eye is the line of the Sun, above the left - the Moon, and above the nose - Mercury.

Each of these lines from the right to the left side is divided into 60 equal parts, which is a year; the middle above the nose shows half of that number or years. When these lines are long, straight, and not intersected by extraneous lines, warts and spots, they show the following:

Saturn line: is responsible for house-building, indicates people skilled in crafts.

Jupiter line: indicates learning and wealth.

Mars line: belligerence, a disposition towards medicine and bloodshed.

Venus Line: disposition to music, panache, fun and pleasure.

Sun Line: predicts happiness, wealth and nobility.

Moon Line: love of travel, trade, animal hunting, etc.

Mercury line: love of science, eloquence, merchants, brokerage and litigation.

If these lines are short, crooked, crossed, spotted or warts, then they mean misfortune. Bent lines show variable temperament, the same means if these lines separate or diverge.

A curved or round line of Saturn shows an angry and unhappy person; a slingshot in it threatens misfortune, and such a person is more harmful than useful.

When branches up and down from the Jupiter line are visible, the person is in danger from water and this trait shows instability of character.

Chinese forehead

Chinese physiognomists placed the forehead in the upper zone of the face. When analyzing this site, a physiognomist can probably tell at first glance more about a person’s fate than about his character. According to the Chinese, the history of a person’s life for a period of 15 to 30 years is inscribed on the forehead.

Ideally, the bony structure of the forehead should be wide, but it should not protrude excessively. The areas on both sides of the forehead should slope down without the effect of sharp breaks. The skin should be fairly tight and have a healthy shine.

Among Chinese physiognomists, as to some extent in the West, the forehead is believed to indicate mental ability. However, the physiognomist must be careful when analyzing the “mighty” forehead. As with the Five Essential Features, a powerful forehead should be well balanced and in proportion to the other facial features.

If the forehead is so large that it protrudes excessively, then this can mean both genius and idiocy. Such cases can only be assessed in combination with other facial features.

Chinese physiognomists give the following characteristics of a person depending on the shape of the forehead.

If forehead narrow and low leaning back indicates a weak mind.

The forehead extends far in width and height(Fig. 37 d) – great mind.

Low forehead(Fig. 37a) - an energetic, cruel nature, prone to crime, replete with base instincts.

The forehead is wide and convex at the corners(Fig. 37b) – rich imagination, sick imagination.

The forehead is steep, convex in the middle- serious mind.

Crescent forehead(Fig. 37c) - a narrow-minded, routine nature, moderate in qualities, with hidden shortcomings.

Rice. 37. Forehead shapes according to the Chinese school of physiognomy

Rice. 38. Forehead shapes according to the Japanese school of physiognomy

According to the Japanese school of physiognomy forehead shaped like an inverted pyramid(Fig. 38, No. 2) - a melancholy-cunning nature, deceitful and stupid, selfish, prone to debauchery.

The forehead is straight and slightly wide– straightforwardness, kindness and close-mindedness.

The forehead is quadrangular(Fig. 38, No. 4) – generosity.

Strongly developed forehead- broad, observant mind.

Forehead too big- laziness, immobility.

The forehead is too prominent(Fig. 38, No. 3) – an evil, narrow-minded, worldly-practical nature.

Forehead is too flat– soft disposition, and sometimes limited mind.

Forehead too wide– hot, quick-tempered nature, arrogance.

Forehead is too small– mobility (usually poverty of spiritual strength).

Forehead with convex musical bumps(Fig. 38, No. 7) – musical talent and richness of the inner world.

Small, short forehead- dishonesty.

The forehead as perceived by Europeans

Forehead smooth, without wrinkles- carefree, cheerful disposition.

Forehead with horizontal wrinkles close to the eyebrows,- deep mind.

Forehead with horizontal wrinkles close to the hairline,- cruelty, pride.

Forehead with deep wrinkles in the form of folds– mediocre mind, laziness.

A forehead with wrinkles radiating in all directions,- eccentricity, originality.

Forehead with perpendicular wrinkles towards the base of the nose- deep mind.

Forehead with horizontal, parallel and subtle wrinkles– calm mind, honesty.

Forehead with perpendicular wrinkles– great intelligence, energy, pride, ambition.

Forehead with deep zigzag wrinkles- failure in business.

The forehead is low, bony, with deep zigzag wrinkles- shamelessness and all kinds of vices.

Forehead with deep and irregular wrinkles in all directions– impetuous mind, harshness, quarrelsomeness and rudeness.

Some people reach maturity in their twenties, others in their thirties. As physiognomists believe, it depends on the fate of the person. Typically, intellectual maturity develops with experience. Than with a large number problems we encounter, the more intensely we are forced to develop and use our abilities to solve them. In this process, marks and lines appear on the face, well known to face readers as wrinkles.

In physiognomy, it is believed that the lines between the forehead and chin reflect the fate of a person. Some lines may be clearly defined, others only slightly.

Rice. 39. Location of wrinkles

People who have a tougher life tend to have deeper wrinkles. But that's all: the philtrum is not a hard and fast rule, as many young people develop deep wrinkles prematurely. When studying a face, analysis of these phenomena can reveal a lot about the character and fate of a person.

Of course, there are a large number of different lines on each part of the face. We will explore only the main ones here. For example, from one to six lines usually run across the forehead (Fig. 39a).

Irregular lines - thin, short, wavy and scattered on the forehead (Fig. 39b) - characterize lack of concentration, poor health and helplessness of a person in life. Such people have a tendency to do evil deeds. Even if such a person rises to a high position, his mind will still be marked by suspicion. If these lines are very deep, then this may indicate premature death.

Irregular lines, but rough and more clearly expressed and also scattered on the forehead (Fig. 39c), indicate the collapse of plans, gloominess and inability to achieve intended goals. Such people also suffer greatly from domestic troubles.

A single horizontal line passing through the middle of the forehead (Fig. 39 d) is a sign of a beautiful and noble life. Such a person is likely to be successful in all his endeavors, and especially at a young age. However, if the line is located too close to the eyebrows, that is, “too low,” then this may indicate early unhappiness in life.

Two or three lines crossing the forehead (Fig. 39e) are considered a good sign. A forehead with two lines is very common among successful and resourceful people. A forehead with three lines indicates a high degree of artistry and literary talent.

If three lines on the forehead intersect in the middle with a short perpendicular line (Fig. 39e), then this is a sign of nobility, especially favorable fate, long life and high position associated with power.

Three long lines without breaks running across the forehead, forming big arc(Fig. 39g) indicate a person of great popularity.

Such a person is highly respected and has a wide circle of friends. People of this type live a relatively calm life, without much adversity.

Lines of unusual shape crossing the forehead (Fig. 39h) indicate that the person will early occupy a prominent position. However, if other facial features are weak, then this means a life full of hardships.

Rare diamond-shaped lines (Fig. 39i) indicate long life and great fame. This is often found among writers, artists, musicians and other creative individuals.

Hairline according to Chinese standards

The forehead should be considered based on its shape, width, height (from hairline to eyebrows), wrinkles, hairline (front and on both sides), shine. There should be no distortion on the forehead, either from birth defects or other causes. Uneven forehead on the left side indicates the loss of a father at an early age, on the right - the loss of a mother.

When determining the width and height of the forehead, a line is drawn one inch above the eyebrows (Fig. 39a). Measurement is taken from the bottom right hairline across the front of the forehead to the bottom left hairline. In most cases, the length of this line is from 12.5 to 20 cm. Of course, there are narrower and wider foreheads, but they are considered “abnormal”.

Ideally, the width of the front of the forehead ranges from 7.5 to 10 cm (Fig. 39b). Then there is a slope to the temples on both sides of the face. The slope should be smooth and soft. Individuals with such foreheads are capable of achieving success and prosperity.

If there is a sudden “break” in the slope, then this indicates poverty and unhappiness. A wide forehead with a high hairline and plenty of meat on the bones indicates intelligence and prominence.

Conversely, a narrow forehead with a low hairline indicates mediocrity.

As a general rule, the hairline should be 5–8.7 cm from the eyebrows, but should not excessively exceed the length of the nose or lower area (Fig. 39c). Moreover, this length only matches the natural hairline and not the hairline created by cosmetics, wigs or plastic surgery.

Many individuals begin to lose hair and become bald at a young age. But this receding line should not be considered part of the forehead.

Horizontally, the ideal forehead should have a length of 15 to 16.5 cm.

Thus, the standard for a good forehead is an open, hairless area of ​​12.5 to 20 cm in length and 6.2 to 15 cm in width.

The hairline is closely related to the shape of the forehead. If the forehead is angular, then the hairline will be the same (Fig. 39 d). A person with this type of forehead will likely be practical, gifted, and sociable.

He has a disciplined, practical mind.

However, he has no artistic streak. A woman with such a forehead prefers a business or professional career rather than housework.

An angular forehead in which both lateral hairlines converge, making the upper hairline much shorter than the previous type, indicates that the person has an unhappy family background. Such a person submits to outside pressure and may be under constant stress.

In such cases, a person should try to correct this negative situation by taking a more confident and courageous position (Fig. 39e).

An M-shaped hairline (Fig. 39e) is a sign of artistic temperament and great sensitivity.

Such people are able to excel as artists, musicians, writers and scientists. By giving free rein to his passion, such a person may discover incongruous anger and joy.

He is also indifferent to the future, has no business acumen, and prefers a bohemian lifestyle.

Women with a hairline similar to the M-shape, but much smaller and more pointed (Fig. 39g), belong to the chaste and virtuous type. They are sensual and value consistency in relationships. They also love household chores.

Women often have a round hairline (Fig. 39h). This indicates a liberated spirit and an independent thinking mind. Angular hairlines can be found on enterprising women and female employees. Such women are always ready to compete with men on equal terms.

An uneven hairline, with frayed edges (Fig. 39i), forming a jagged outline, indicates a difficult childhood and a neurotic personality in later years. Often such a person is gloomy and rude and rebels against society.

Most people with a jagged hairline have low intelligence. But again a word of caution is necessary. This conclusion does not apply to people who have a well-shaped forehead, wide and fairly even, despite an irregular hairline.

Facts from history show that many rebellious people, despite their jagged hairline, had high intelligence.

Rice. 40. Zones of distribution of abilities among irregularities of the forehead and skull according to European phrenology

1 – physical love;

2 – instinct to preserve the species;

3 – kindness;

4 – spirit of contradiction;

5 – cunning;

6 – tendency to steal;

7 – pride;

8 – ambition;

9 – caution;

10 – tameability;

11 – terrain instinct;

12 – memory for faces;

13 – memory of words;

14 – ability for articulate speech;

15 – feeling that determines the relationship of sounds;

16 – feeling that determines the ratio of numbers;

17 – mechanical instinct;

18 – metaphysical mind;

19 – poetic talent;

20 – imitation;

21 – tendency towards religiosity;

22 – steadfastness

About hair color and composition

After we have talked so much about the hairline, it would be simply unfair not to mention how physiognomists evaluate the characteristics of hair color and softness.

WHITE HAIR shows a cold, weak and fearful nature;

RED - courage and deceit;

RUSSIAN - justice and health;

BLACK – stubbornness, arrogance and inconstancy;

CURLY HAIR – amorousness;

THICK AND HARD – stubbornness and wildness;

RARE AND SUBTLE - slyness, malice and generally bad temper;

SOFT – timidity and good nature;

WIRKS ON THE TEMPLES - happiness;

HAIR STANDING on end - indicates impudence, stubbornness and intractability.

The skull is formed from a fixed part (the upper part - where the forehead, cheekbones, eye sockets and nose bones are located) and a movable part (the lower jaw and chin), connected by a joint. There should be no missing or missing bones. If this happens, it is a genetic defect of the skull; it is always associated with diseases. In medicine, a diagnosis is often made based on deviations in the structure of the cranial bones. Such deviations also include too large or too small (irreparably large and small) sizes of the skull and severe deformation of all or individual parts of the face.

Here, for example, are the signs to look for when examining newborns and small children:

Dysmorphic faces of “parrot”, “elf”, “prince”, “sphinx”.

A flat face with a small nose and red, clown-like cheeks.

Wide face with prominent, wide cheekbones.

Flat, rectangular face with a high, convex forehead.

A sleepy face with an expressionless, stupid look and flabby “marbled” skin.

Craniostenosis (early healing of sutures).

Micro- and macrocephaly.

Dolichocephaly with a flat or protruding occiput.

Pronounced frontal tubercles, high brow ridges.

No bald patches on the forehead.

Low hair growth at the back of the head.

These signs indicate genetic defects of the skull.

Doctors note that even an adult’s appearance can change. But here, deformations of the skull bones or soft tissues are associated not with genetic disorders, but with the development of the disease.

Doctors did not take their knowledge out of thin air. Long before them, both in European countries and in the East, the shape of the skull was considered almost the main criterion by which the future was predicted. Fortune tellers, based on centuries-old observations, have concluded: the closer the shape of the skull is to the ideal, the more harmoniously developed the person himself is. At that time, nothing was known about genetics, and diseases reflected in the shape of the skull were attributed to fate. In the 18th-19th centuries, phrenology became widespread, which for the first time attempted to introduce the concept of the correct shape of the skull into science. Everyone was interested in phrenology: from the enlightened public to the common people. And quite respectable pundits substantiated their opinion as follows: human body and - naturally - the state of health is controlled by such an important organ as the brain, and the brain is located inside the cranium. If the shape of this box is incorrect, then some areas of the brain will be compressed, while others, on the contrary, will be too loose. Health, both physical and mental, depends on the degree of constriction and freedom. The famous Italian doctor Cesare Lombroso even deduced irregular shape skulls of a person's inclination towards aggressive and criminal actions. Of course, no modern prosecutor would think of accusing a person of crimes on such a shaky basis as the shape of the skull, but Lombroso examined many skulls of rapists and murderers, and most of them turned out to be skulls with deviations from the ideal. Lombroso noted that the main defects of the skull were a sloping forehead with protruding frontal bones, highly developed brow ridges, and a cut off chin. All progressive scientists then opposed Lombroso's teachings. And already in the 20th century, neurophysiologists came to the conclusion that often this structure of the frontal part of the skull causes hyperfunction of the frontal lobes of the brain, which results in increased aggression. And today, on the basis of phrenology, forgotten by everyone, craniometry and craniology quite officially exist. Anthropological craniometry, for example, studies racial characteristics in the structure of the skull. Indeed, despite the fact that within each race there are elongated or round skulls, each nation is characterized by its own limits in size fluctuations. The skull of a long-headed Japanese will be very different from that of a long-headed Scandinavian.

The characteristics of each race are “recorded” in the structure of the bones of the head and face, so scientists are able to restore portraits of long-dead people. The famous artist-anthropologist Gerasimov created a whole gallery of such portraits. Among his works are primitive Neanderthals, famous princes, and generals. And all these faces bear the features of uniqueness.

Sloping back of the head in an adult

A young body is pink, full, voluminous flesh. Dryness, bonyness, dark brown skin are the direct personification of old age without any allowance for circumstances.

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I'm not listing EVERYTHING. I have listed what we can pay attention to. There are always things that we cannot change. But we should not stand by if we can somehow change the situation.

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Techniques for lengthening the eyes

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How to remove wrinkles on the neckline

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The problem is not the injury, but its adherence to the survival instinct. A person who has survived and completed trauma lives every minute own life, and not projected into it, for example, by the energy of ancestors.

Middle-aged woman.

There is such a thing, epigenetics, and this fantastic science is about how information is transmitted from generation to generation.

How to remove wrinkles on the upper lip? Part two.

The most youthful thing on a woman’s face is a fresh, sculpted mouth – the dream of all women

Competition between three directors

An astrologer must be objective and put all his thoughts out of his head. In other words, an astrologer should not have any prejudice. So I tried to look at the map as if I didn't know anything.

High temples. Part three. Once again about whiskey

The temples and eyes together are responsible for lifting the upper part of the face. For the bottom of the face, neck, back of the head, posture, chewing and mouth.

Profound mental retardation in adults

Type of mental disorder - profound mental retardation in adults, characterized by the value of the IQ less than value 20. Otherwise, this deviation is called idiocy.

Characteristic features of idiocy in adults

• These people, in most cases, do not react to any external stimuli and are inactive. In the small number of cases where the reaction persists, it can be called very primitive.
• Due to a lack of the coloring pigment melanin in the body, patients with idiocy often have light-colored hair and eyes, and the skin is thin and white.
• In addition to profound dementia, patients may suffer from deafness, various eye lesions, and have heart problems.
• People with this diagnosis do not perceive the words that are addressed to them, and they themselves are only able to make inarticulate sounds.
• This form of mental retardation differs from others in the complete absence of the simplest self-care skills - they are unkempt and cannot eat on their own. When feeding, they try to swallow large pieces of food without chewing, which often leads to injury. These patients should be provided with liquid nutrition.
• Those who suffer from idiocy cannot remember members of their own family. Their emotions are primitive, and are limited to feelings such as pleasure and anger.
• If the patient is in a state of displeasure, he shows his anger and aggression towards the people around him. Often, in a fit of rage, he can cause bodily injury to himself.
• If there is no one next to him, then such a person shows passivity and indifference to what is happening. He is able to sit motionless for hours, mindlessly peering at one point. In cases where the patient is in a state of excitement, he makes the same type of movements - sways from side to side, claps his hands.
• The type of illness that doctors characterize as profound mental retardation in adults is almost always accompanied by a gross impairment of physical development: short stature, sloping back of the head, flat skull, slanted eyes, flat bridge of the nose, funnel-shaped chest.
• These people must be under constant supervision, which is very difficult for the family in which they live. Adult patients are usually kept in specialized boarding schools, where they are provided with medical care and the necessary care.

What leads to idiocy

All types of such deviations have long been studied by doctors, so the causes of such diseases are well studied.

Experts consider various lesions of parts of the brain to be one of the main causes of the disease. This may be a consequence of an injury, severe infectious diseases, or congenital pathology.

This type of dementia is characterized by developmental disabilities. It is not only the intellect that suffers. Observed complete absence will, deviations in behavior and general development, including physical.

Scientists attribute organic damage to the human brain to the primary defects of this type of mental retardation. Scientists emphasize that idiocy is not always a disease; they call it an independent syndrome that cannot be treated. Although, sometimes it is possible to carry out corrective measures to at least slightly adapt the patient to life in society.

Treatment methods

Since the treatment of such a type of disease as profound mental retardation in adults and measures for its prevention depend on the causes, the symptoms of the disease are treated. Doctors believe that those who suffer from idiocy need to improve the metabolic processes occurring in the body, and prescribe nootropics to patients.

Such nootropics include cerebrolesin, glutamic acid, lipocerebrin.

Courses of vitamin therapy are often carried out, and magnesia or glycerin is used to reduce intracranial pressure.

In case of severe lethargy, it is possible to prescribe stimulants in the form of medicinal tinctures of ginseng, aloe, and rosea radiola.

In cases where the patient shows signs of increased agitation, the use of sedatives is recommended.

Causes of development and treatment of a flat nape

A sloping or flat back of the head is a pathology that many parents may not pay attention to. However, in some cases, plagiocephaly, and this is precisely the name of this feature of the body, can in some cases lead to one or another unpleasant consequences.

What could cause such a defect to appear? As pediatricians note, the main cause of this pathology is improper care of the baby. Many young mothers take more care of the baby’s skin, often wash it, feed it properly, but forget that the baby should not lie on the same side of the body for a long time.

It is because of the constant pressure on one place that you get a flat head. Therefore, every mother of a newborn should know that the baby’s position must be changed every 2 to 3 hours. Let him lie on his right side for some time, then after two hours his position should be changed and placed on his right side, and after another two hours - on his back. In this case, avoiding an uneven back of the head will be as easy as shelling pears, because frequent changes in body position are the best prevention in order to prevent further complications.

Other reasons

However, positional deformation of the skull, which is the name of the type of pathology described above, is not the only reason for the development of such a defect. It can also appear for a number of other reasons, among which the first positions are rickets, torticollis, and increased intracranial pressure.

Rickets is a disease that occurs as a result of a disturbance in phosphorus-calcium metabolism, which leads to the fact that calcium salts are not deposited in the bones. As a result, the bones become very soft and often become deformed. Therefore, constant positioning in one position, for example, lying on the back, often leads to the development of a sloping head in a child.

With congenital torticollis, due to the fact that there is a defect in the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the head constantly tilts only in one direction, which leads to flattening of the skull on the affected side. You can get rid of this pathology with the help of massage, physiotherapy and gymnastics, which must be carried out under the supervision of an orthopedist.

In addition, the cause of a deformed back of the head may be other reasons, for example, frequent and long-term transportation of a child in a rigid car seat, when pressure is constantly applied to the head at one point.

In order to promptly identify this pathology of the skull, it is necessary to regularly visit a pediatrician, as well as other specialists - a surgeon, an orthopedist, a neurologist. This way you can accurately understand whether the child has any health problems.

What to do

A sloping occiput is a feature of the skull that requires a special and comprehensive approach. While the child is small, this can be dealt with quite simply, therefore, in order to prevent a sloping head in an adult, treatment should begin in early childhood, while the bones of the skull are still very pliable. Until the baby raises his head, it is necessary to change his body position as often as possible, preferably every hour or two. If he has already learned to hold his head up, then his position can be controlled with bright toys, voice or other distracting maneuvers.

An orthopedic pillow helps to cope well with this problem, but it should be selected strictly in accordance with the age of the baby. As for the car seat, it is advisable to use it as little as possible, and only in the most necessary cases. It is also necessary to ensure that the child does not sleep in it during the trip.

If, despite all the measures taken, the child’s skull still begins to deform, then it is necessary to consult a doctor who will prescribe additional treatment methods, for example, physiotherapeutic procedures and gymnastics. If this turns out to be ineffective, then for some time you will have to use a corrective orthopedic helmet specially designed for such cases.

Does such a back of the head pose any danger to the child? In fact, there is no health hazard here. But at the same time, this defect almost always causes an inferiority complex, so the fight against this condition should begin as early as possible.

By the way, you may also be interested in the following FREE materials:

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Sukharev V.A. - Psychology of intelligence.

The human face is divided into three horizontal zones. The upper zone covers the forehead and eyebrows. It reflects inherited intellectual abilities and tells the story of an individual between fifteen and thirty years of age. If an individual's forehead is well developed, then that person is likely to be cheerful and resourceful, and also endowed with other qualities that can lead to success in life. The term "well developed" means proportionality in relation to other parts of the face. The ideal forehead - wide and high - should be balanced by wide ears. If the forehead is unusually large or... perhaps shapeless, then this indicates mental retardation. If the forehead is narrow and poorly formed, then this indicates that the person has a difficult character and is subject to all sorts of misfortunes.

The length of the middle zone is equal to the length of the nose. She rules the prime period, from 35 to 50 years. If this zone is well developed, then this speaks of an enterprising spirit and a proud, arrogant nature. A small middle zone, especially with tight, compressed features, is evidence of mediocrity. If the middle zone is long, and the other two zones are of the same size, then this is evidence of nobility of character. If this zone is in good shape, without flaws, then this indicates a long life of the individual.

The lower zone, extending from the tip of the nose to the tailbone of the chin, rules the ages from 50 to 75, as well as in recent years life. If the back of the head is well developed, then the facial features in this area - the mouth and chin - should be wide and relatively heavy. Such individuals tend to be affectionate. If the lower zone is too wide, then this person is likely to be overly passionate. When this zone is too narrow, the individual has little interest in family and friends, is prone to introspection (inner contemplation), and prefers a solitary existence. If this zone is too long, then the person is subject to failure, that is, has an unhappy fate. An elongated, and also narrow lower zone, and even with a sharp chin, usually indicates a “born loser” who suffers failures in life.

On an ideal face, all three zones are in good balance and proportion. This means that all facial features are in the “proper places”, they are not too long, not too small and have no defects.

The shape of the face is divided into five main outlines. If you have a rectangular face, the width of your forehead is the same as the width of your jaw. This is the so-called aristocratic form, since most rulers and persons in power have a face of this type. They usually have organizational talent and the ability to work with other people to achieve a goal. Typical features The character of such people is intelligence, sensitivity, prudence, foresight, justice and calm. They usually achieve success in life.

People with a triangular face shape have a high and wide forehead, prominent cheekbones, and a thin nose. deep-set eyes and a small, pointed chin. The face is considered bony because there is little soft tissue between the cheekbones and chin. Men and women of this type are usually hypersensitive and very preoccupied with themselves. A triangular face shape is often observed in thinkers, intellectuals, as well as in cunning, resourceful, jealous people, lacking devotion and affection. They often find it difficult to get along with other people. In positive cases, these people turn to science, philosophy and art; in the negative, they are spies, scammers, shameless businessmen. They often become instigators of protests and demonstrations, and sometimes fanatical leaders of unpopular causes. Having failed, they retreat and become hermits.

The trapezoidal face shape has much in common with the triangular face shape, although it differs from it in many significant aspects. A person with this face is intelligent, perceptive and artistic, but lacks a fighting spirit. Many women belong to this type: they are very loving and invariably lead a happy family life.

The square shape of the face corresponds to the rough, masculine, bony type of people with a quick temper. These are leaders and great fighters. Usually they are slow-witted, stubborn, persistent and decisive, straightforward and open in business and in love, strive for success and are good performers. A woman with a square face shape will be a fierce competitor in any field. In love affairs and family life she always strives to play a dominant role.

A round face shape characterizes people with heavy weight. If such a person also has a small nose, then this is a sign of a carefree nature: he is a gourmet, loves the comforts of life, and is a great lover. By nature he is soft, gentle, peace-loving, a great materialist, not ambitious, does not strive to achieve fame or position.

If a round face has a high bridge of the nose, prominent cheekbones and penetrating eyes, then this is a purposeful person: such people make authoritative figures, military leaders.

Different parts of the brain are the centers of certain inclinations of an individual, in particular intellectual ones. Therefore, the outline of the head visible to the eye often determines greater or lesser development of individual parts of the brain. ‘So, if the head is compressed at the temples and expanded at the jaws, then this often means animal instincts, greed, materialism, gluttony.

A narrow, elongated head speaks of scientific abilities, curiosity and affection. A head widened above the temples indicates a rich imagination and even a desire for mysticism. A strongly convex nape often shows that its owner is distinguished by affection, sometimes by mathematical abilities, and more rarely only by sensuality.

A flat back of the head is a sure sign of selfishness. The convexity of the crown closer to the forehead speaks of kindness and piety. If the convexity of the crown is closer to the crown, then this is a sign of will and fortitude. A head thrown back means vanity, and a head tilted forward means developed intelligence. A head tilted to the left or right characterizes observation, sarcasm, and sometimes even pretense.

People who have the habit of sticking their chin forward are very proud and arrogant: they will not condescend to communicate with a person whom they do not consider equal to themselves in intelligence, position in society or any other characteristics. As a rule, they are lonely, but do not suffer from it.

If the lower part of the chin is pointed in the middle and protrudes forward, then this person strives for an ideal marriage. He meticulously compares his future spouse with his ideal. Otherwise, as far as marriage is concerned, he is quite compliant.

A wide, square chin in men indicates a passionate nature, a slave to his unhealthy feelings: jealousy, suspicion, deceit. All this together, taken to the extreme, threatens the danger of madness.

A heavy, square jaw combined with a straight neck often speaks of firmness, balance, and a strong way of life. These people are self-satisfied, but they do not have a very good sense of humor: they are especially intolerant of jokes directed at themselves.

A cleft chin is a sign of fickleness and frequent falling in love. A long chin speaks of carelessness and excessive talkativeness in men, and anger and indelicacy in the choice of words in women. An elongated, rounded chin indicates self-confidence and pride, a round chin with a dimple indicates meekness and comeliness. Soft, thick hair speaks of a calm, reasonable character, phlegmatic temperament; long, soft hair - about a sanguine temperament, blooming health; dark, curly, thick hair - about choleric temperament, hot temper (in children - about a predisposition to melancholy); sticking out, coarse hair means cowardice; soft, straight, even hair - about politeness, tact, kindness; brittle hair - about poor health; black hair - about rashness, impetuosity; redheads - about the same qualities, but more moderately expressed; golden hair - about mischief and disobedience; straw hair - about honesty and loyalty; thin silky hair - about unusual sensitivity.

A thin, soft beard indicates instability of character and delicacy; red beard - about a calm, polite, friendly character (nevertheless, these people are quick-tempered and easily susceptible to deception and flattery). A beard with a red or yellow tint is a sanguine beard: these are friendly, cheerful, witty people. A straw-colored beard belongs to a phlegmatic temperament and speaks of honesty. A thick, beautiful beard is a sign of an extraordinary mind and impeccable character. A small mustache without a beard indicates wastefulness.

The long neck expresses simplicity; short - wisdom and even cunning; a muscular neck - nonsense of character, a neck with wide, clearly visible veins - passion.

Massive cheekbones protruding under the eyes are a sign of caution and vigilance. These people are very sensitive, attentive and resilient: they only need 4-5 hours of sleep to fully restore their strength. Complexion can characterize a person’s personality in a certain way.

A dark complexion indicates oratorical abilities, instability of character, sudden changes in moods, even beliefs, White color faces - about wasteful habits, an unbridled desire for the joys of life. A pale complexion with a leaden tint, red wrinkles or spots on the forehead, deep-set eyes are signs of a slave to his passions, a choleric person by temperament: a mixed red and white complexion is a sign of a cheerful, optimistic nature, a lover of conversation, which, however, brings little practical benefits. A red (purple) complexion speaks of hot temper, pink - of good health, balance, and prudence. A pale lilac or leaden complexion is a sign of absurdity and deceit.

It is known that the state of hatred towards one’s opponent and the desire to engage in a fight with him is accompanied by a rush of blood to the head, as a result of which the person’s face turns red. The state of fear, on the contrary, is accompanied by an outflow of blood from the head, which causes pale faces. Since ancient times, these symptoms have made it possible to distinguish a brave person from a cowardly one in conditions of life-threatening dangers.

The most important components of a person’s face, allowing one to judge his character, include the nose, eyes, ears, lips, eyebrows, forehead, and chin. hair.

WHAT A PERSON’S NOSE CAN TELL ABOUT

The shape and size of the nose are determined not only by genetic factors. The fact is that, unlike other parts of the body, the nose grows and changes its shape throughout life. Therefore, depending on the daily work of the nasal muscles, the intensity of mental and mental activity, the abundance of emotions and passions, facial habits developed during life, pathological deviations in the performance of vital functions, the shape and size of the nose are constantly changing. This is easy to verify by comparing photos of a person’s face at a young age and in old age. A finely defined, noble nose can be inherited by a person, but it can also be formed during a life full of spiritual, emotional and mental experiences. On the contrary, dull, upturned noses take on a less and less expressive shape over the years if their owners lead a serene lifestyle and do little mental activity.

Bumps on the skull are indicators of different psychological qualities. When assessing the shape of a person’s skull, attention is paid to the development of his forehead, crown and back of the head, and to the bumps on them. In this article we will tell you how to determine character from the skull.

Features of the structure of the human skull

In all people, the structure of the skull is anatomically exactly the same. That is, all people, regardless of race, have same number bones that form the skull. The skull is formed from a fixed part (the upper part - where the forehead, cheekbones, eye sockets and nose bones are located) and a movable part (the lower jaw and chin), connected by a joint. There should be no missing or missing bones. If this happens, it is a genetic defect of the skull; it is always associated with diseases. In medicine, a diagnosis is often made based on deviations in the structure of the cranial bones. Such deviations also include too large or too small (irreparably large and small) sizes of the skull and severe deformation of all or individual parts of the face.

Here, for example, are the signs to look for when examining newborns and small children:

• Dysmorphic faces of “parrot”, “elf”, “prince”, “sphinx”.
• A flat face with a small nose and red, clown-like cheeks.
• Wide face with prominent, wide cheekbones.
• Flat, rectangular face with a high, convex forehead.
• A sleepy face with an expressionless, stupid look and flabby “marbled” skin.
• Craniostenosis (early healing of sutures).
• Retroflexion of the head.
• Micro- and macrocephaly.
• Dolichocephaly with a flat or protruding occiput.
• Pronounced frontal tubercles, high brow ridges.
• No bald patches on the forehead.
• Low hair growth at the back of the head.

These signs indicate genetic defects of the skull.

Doctors note that even an adult’s appearance can change. But here, deformations of the skull bones or soft tissues are associated not with genetic disorders, but with the development of the disease.

Doctors did not take their knowledge out of thin air. Long before them, both in European countries and in the East, the shape of the skull was considered almost the main criterion by which the future was predicted. Fortune tellers, based on centuries-old observations, have concluded: the closer the shape of the skull is to the ideal, the more harmoniously developed the person himself is. At that time, nothing was known about genetics, and diseases reflected in the shape of the skull were attributed to fate.

How to independently determine character from the skull

the shape of the skull and the character are very strongly connected. And you can make the first observation of character from the skull yourself. To do this, go to the mirror. If you have long hair, pin it up so that you can clearly see the shape of your skull. It is best to lift your hair with a ponytail. For those who have short or curly hair, I advise you to wash and comb it first - this will make it easier for you to look at your skull.

• First, pay attention to the ratio of the height and width of the skull. People whose facial width and height are approximately equal are considered brachycephalic, that is, round-headed. And people whose skull height is greater than its width are dolicephalic, that is, long-headed. All others are considered mesocephalic, or medium-headed.
• Secondly, stand sideways to the mirror and look into another mirror to see yourself in profile. The shape of the skull can be with a high crown, a low crown, a sloping nape, or a protruding nape.
• Third, carefully feel the skull and note where bones protrude or depressions are formed. Perfectly straight skulls are rare. It is believed that protruding bones (in phrenology - bumps and bumps) enhance certain qualities, and depressions indicate a weakening of the same qualities. We will talk about facial bones specifically, in connection with the detail we are considering (forehead, cheekbones, etc.)

Be sure to write down all observation results (otherwise you will get confused and forget).

Height - width of the skull and human character

What does the height-width of the skull indicator tell us? How will it help determine character from the skull? Firstly, we can determine race by length and width. For Caucasians this figure is higher than for Mongoloids. But not always. For example, the Celts (Caucasians) have mostly round skulls. It is very good if you know the history of your family for at least three to five generations. In the future, this will help you understand what type of face you should consider - Western or Eastern. If you have a brachycephalic (round-headed) skull, pay attention to whether you have any characteristic oriental features (eye shape, flat nose, very wide cheekbones, etc.) If you have a dolicephalic (long-headed) skull, most likely You need to look at your facial features according to the Western version.

What other secrets does the shape of the skull keep?

• With a highly developed forehead and an underdeveloped occipital region (“cut off” occiput), a person has a tendency toward self-centeredness or loneliness. Such a person has a weakened connection with other people. It is believed that this happens because such a person has lost contact with the Cosmos: he is isolated from the rays of the Ether.
• Well-developed backs of the heads of highly developed people are an indication of a close connection with the Cosmos, good dose the initiation received from him.
• With a pronounced, raised crown, a person is under the influence of the Higher Mind and has initiation from it. This person is inclined to lead, manage and strives for this. The bulges on the crown of the head are associated with dominance, with a higher meaning. Thus, the bulges near the top of the head are called justice cones.
• A flattened, cut crown occurs in people who avoid leadership. If they resort to this by the will of fate, then such leadership will be unsuccessful both for themselves and for the team.

Now you know how to determine character from the skull.

A flat back of the head, sloping forehead, and flattening of the skull can be the cause of dissatisfaction with one’s own appearance. Can plastic surgery change and improve what is given by nature? The answer is obvious: having a beautiful head shape has now become possible thanks to aesthetic cranioplasty. The cherished dream of many people was solved with the help of three-dimensional technologies used in Dr. Guryanov’s VIP-Studio 3D surgery.

Now, thanks to precise three-dimensional modeling and minimally invasive plastic surgery technologies, it has become possible to correct the shape of the skull, changing the shape of the forehead or back of the head, and get rid of asymmetries.

Aesthetic cranioplasty allows you to:

• change the shape of the forehead, back of the head
• eliminate flattening on the surface of the skull
• eliminate moderate asymmetry of the skull in different areas
• correct deficiencies after reconstructive cranioplasty

Restorative (reconstructive) cranioplasty is designed to help people who have suffered a skull injury. The main function of such an intervention is to save the patient’s life. However, after reconstruction, a person may experience undesirable changes in his appearance in the area of ​​the operation. Aesthetic cranioplasty can solve these problems: it allows you to eliminate irregularities, achieve symmetry in the shape of the skull and restore lost details of the bone structure.

Dissatisfaction with one's own appearance can cause numerous complexes and a decrease in the quality of life. Women especially suffer from this, for whom aesthetic cranioplasty can be a real salvation.

It often happens that attempts to disguise a sloping forehead or an ugly back of the head with a hairstyle simply do not work. For example, in men who suffer from lack of hair on their heads. This is where aesthetic cranioplasty comes to the rescue. The tiny incision through which the flexible silicone implant is installed is invisible even on a hairless head.

Significant changes in the shape of the skull are now possible without major osteoplastic surgery with minimal incisions and minimal rehabilitation after surgery by installing a custom-made silicone implant that will take into account all your wishes regarding the shape of the head.

During a consultation with Dr. Guryanov, together with the artist, a three-dimensional computer modeling of the desired shape of the forehead or back of the head is performed, then, based on the data obtained and a computer tomogram, a virtual three-dimensional model of the implant is calculated. The custom silicone implant is manufactured using high-precision 3D printing technology.

The operation lasts an hour to forty minutes. Aesthetic cranioplasty can be performed on all patients over 18 years of age. The maximum rehabilitation period is one and a half weeks.

An individual implant is made of medical grade silicone for long-term implantation. This silicone is non-toxic, completely safe and FDA approved. An individual implant is installed on the bone through a small incision in the scalp and straightened. VIP-Studio guarantees the safety of the implant after installation for 300 years!

Implants manufactured in VIP-Studio have a unique micro- and macro-texture developed by our specialists. The texture promotes integration of the implant with surrounding tissues and prevents excessive growth of the capsule around the implant. When installing the implant subperiosteally (on the bone), there is no disruption of the nutrition of the hair roots and scalp, since the vessels responsible for the blood supply are located in the soft tissue mass and cannot be damaged during the formation of the implant bed.

The human face is divided into three horizontal zones. The upper zone covers the forehead and eyebrows. It reflects inherited intellectual abilities and tells the story of an individual between fifteen and thirty years of age. If an individual's forehead is well developed, then that person is likely to be cheerful and resourceful, and also endowed with other qualities that can lead to success in life. The term "well developed" means proportionality in relation to other parts of the face. The ideal forehead - wide and high - should be balanced by wide ears. If the forehead is unusually large or... perhaps shapeless, then this indicates mental retardation. If the forehead is narrow and poorly formed, then this indicates that the person has a difficult character and is subject to all sorts of misfortunes.

The length of the middle zone is equal to the length of the nose. She rules the prime period, from 35 to 50 years. If this zone is well developed, then this speaks of an enterprising spirit and a proud, arrogant nature. A small middle zone, especially with tight, compressed features, is evidence of mediocrity. If the middle zone is long, and the other two zones are of the same size, then this is evidence of nobility of character. If this zone is in good shape, without flaws, then this indicates a long life of the individual.

The lower zone, extending from the tip of the nose to the tailbone of the chin, rules the years from 50 to 75, as well as the last years of life. If the back of the head is well developed, then the facial features in this area - the mouth and chin - should be wide and relatively heavy. Such individuals tend to be affectionate. If the lower zone is too wide, then this person is likely to be overly passionate. When this zone is too narrow, the individual has little interest in family and friends, is prone to introspection (inner contemplation), and prefers a solitary existence. If this zone is too long, then the person is subject to failure, that is, has an unhappy fate. An elongated, and also narrow lower zone, and even with a sharp chin, usually indicates a “born loser” who suffers failures in life.

On an ideal face, all three zones are in good balance and proportion. This means that all facial features are in the “proper places”, they are not too long, not too small and have no defects.

The shape of the face is divided into five main outlines. If you have a rectangular face, the width of your forehead is the same as the width of your jaw. This is the so-called aristocratic form, since most rulers and persons in power have a face of this type. They usually have organizational talent and the ability to work with other people to achieve a goal. Typical character traits of such people are intelligence, sensitivity, forethought, foresight, fairness and calmness. They usually achieve success in life.

People with a triangular face shape have a high and wide forehead, prominent cheekbones, and a thin nose. deep-set eyes and a small, pointed chin. The face is considered bony because there is little soft tissue between the cheekbones and chin. Men and women of this type are usually hypersensitive and very preoccupied with themselves. A triangular face shape is often observed in thinkers, intellectuals, as well as in cunning, resourceful, jealous people, lacking devotion and affection. They often find it difficult to get along with other people. In positive cases, these people turn to science, philosophy and art; in the negative, they are spies, scammers, shameless businessmen. They often become instigators of protests and demonstrations, and sometimes fanatical leaders of unpopular causes. Having failed, they retreat and become hermits.

The trapezoidal face shape has much in common with the triangular face shape, although it differs from it in many significant aspects. A person with this face is intelligent, perceptive and artistic, but lacks a fighting spirit. Many women belong to this type: they are very loving and invariably lead a happy family life.

The square shape of the face corresponds to the rough, masculine, bony type of people with a quick temper. These are leaders and great fighters. Usually they are slow-witted, stubborn, persistent and decisive, straightforward and open in business and in love, strive for success and are good performers. A woman with a square face shape will be a fierce competitor in any field. In love affairs and in family life, she always strives to play a dominant role.

A round face shape characterizes people with heavy weight. If such a person also has a small nose, then this is a sign of a carefree nature: he is a gourmet, loves the comforts of life, and is a great lover. By nature he is soft, gentle, peace-loving, a great materialist, not ambitious, does not strive to achieve fame or position.

If a round face has a high bridge of the nose, prominent cheekbones and penetrating eyes, then this is a purposeful person: such people make authoritative figures, military leaders.

Different parts of the brain are the centers of certain inclinations of an individual, in particular intellectual ones. Therefore, the outline of the head visible to the eye often determines greater or lesser development of individual parts of the brain. “So, if the head is compressed at the temples and widened at the jaws, then this often means animal instincts, greed, materialism, gluttony.

A narrow, elongated head speaks of scientific abilities, curiosity and affection. A head widened above the temples indicates a rich imagination and even a desire for mysticism. A strongly convex nape often shows that its owner is distinguished by affection, sometimes by mathematical abilities, and more rarely only by sensuality.

A flat back of the head is a sure sign of selfishness. The convexity of the crown closer to the forehead speaks of kindness and piety. If the convexity of the crown is closer to the crown, then this is a sign of will and fortitude. A head thrown back means vanity, and a head tilted forward means developed intelligence. A head tilted to the left or right characterizes observation, sarcasm, and sometimes even pretense.

People who have the habit of sticking their chin forward are very proud and arrogant: they will not condescend to communicate with a person whom they do not consider equal to themselves in intelligence, position in society or any other characteristics. As a rule, they are lonely, but do not suffer from it.

If the lower part of the chin is pointed in the middle and protrudes forward, then this person strives for an ideal marriage. He meticulously compares his future spouse with his ideal. Otherwise, as far as marriage is concerned, he is quite compliant.

A wide, square chin in men indicates a passionate nature, a slave to his unhealthy feelings: jealousy, suspicion, deceit. All this together, taken to the extreme, threatens the danger of madness.

A heavy, square jaw combined with a straight neck often speaks of firmness, balance, and a strong way of life. These people are self-satisfied, but they do not have a very good sense of humor: they are especially intolerant of jokes directed at themselves.

A cleft chin is a sign of fickleness and frequent falling in love. A long chin speaks of carelessness and excessive talkativeness in men, and anger and indelicacy in the choice of words in women. An elongated, rounded chin indicates self-confidence and pride, a round chin with a dimple indicates meekness and comeliness. Soft, thick hair speaks of a calm, reasonable character, phlegmatic temperament; long, soft hair - about a sanguine temperament, blooming health; dark, curly, thick hair - about choleric temperament, hot temper (in children - about a predisposition to melancholy); sticking out, coarse hair means cowardice; soft, straight, even hair - about politeness, tact, kindness; brittle hair - about poor health; black hair - about rashness, impetuosity; redheads - about the same qualities, but more moderately expressed; golden hair - about mischief and disobedience; straw hair - about honesty and loyalty; thin silky hair - about unusual sensitivity.

A thin, soft beard indicates instability of character and delicacy; red beard - about a calm, polite, friendly character (nevertheless, these people are quick-tempered and easily susceptible to deception and flattery). A beard with a red or yellow tint is a sanguine beard: these are friendly, cheerful, witty people. A straw-colored beard belongs to a phlegmatic temperament and speaks of honesty. A thick, beautiful beard is a sign of an extraordinary mind and impeccable character. A small mustache without a beard indicates wastefulness.

The long neck expresses simplicity; short - wisdom and even cunning; a muscular neck - nonsense of character, a neck with wide, clearly visible veins - passion.

Massive cheekbones protruding under the eyes are a sign of caution and vigilance. These people are very sensitive, attentive and resilient: they only need 4-5 hours of sleep to fully restore their strength. Complexion can characterize a person’s personality in a certain way.

A dark complexion indicates oratorical abilities, fickleness of character, sudden changes in moods, even beliefs; a white complexion indicates wasteful habits, an unbridled desire for the joys of life. A pale complexion with a leaden tint, red wrinkles or spots on the forehead, deep-set eyes are signs of a slave to his passions, a choleric person by temperament: a mixed red and white complexion is a sign of a cheerful, optimistic nature, a lover of conversation, which, however, brings little practical benefits. A red (purple) complexion speaks of hot temper, pink - of good health, balance, and prudence. A pale lilac or leaden complexion is a sign of absurdity and deceit.

It is known that the state of hatred towards one’s opponent and the desire to engage in a fight with him is accompanied by a rush of blood to the head, as a result of which the person’s face turns red. The state of fear, on the contrary, is accompanied by an outflow of blood from the head, which causes pale faces. Since ancient times, these symptoms have made it possible to distinguish a brave person from a cowardly one in conditions of life-threatening dangers.

The most important components of a person’s face, allowing one to judge his character, include the nose, eyes, ears, lips, eyebrows, forehead, and chin. hair.

WHAT A PERSON’S NOSE CAN TELL ABOUT

The shape and size of the nose are determined not only by genetic factors. The fact is that, unlike other parts of the body, the nose grows and changes its shape throughout life. Therefore, depending on the daily work of the nasal muscles, the intensity of mental and mental activity, the abundance of emotions and passions, facial habits developed during life, pathological deviations in the performance of vital functions, the shape and size of the nose are constantly changing. This is easy to verify by comparing photos of a person’s face at a young age and in old age. A finely defined, noble nose can be inherited by a person, but it can also be formed during a life full of spiritual, emotional and mental experiences. On the contrary, dull, upturned noses take on a less and less expressive shape over the years if their owners lead a serene lifestyle and do little mental activity.