Mobilization human reserve of the armed forces of the Russian Federation. Contract soldiers will be made of reservists. And what will it be

The military department was seriously concerned about the mobilization capabilities of the country. According to Vasily Smirnov, Deputy Chief of the General Staff, the Defense Ministry has developed a draft law that will radically change the system of Russian citizens being in the reserve.

The generals are in no hurry to publish their proposals in detail. But it is known that we are talking about the creation in Russia of absolutely new structure- mobilization reserve. Relatively speaking, this will be the second front that the army command will call under its banners during the war, major exercises or emergencies. In addition, units may appear in the Armed Forces where former conscripts will serve on a temporary basis.

The military are not going to forcibly drive them into the barracks, nor are they going to tear them away from home and work for a long time. The bill provides for the voluntary entry of reserve troops into the reserve army. It might look like this. Before leaving the army, the commander will offer the demobilized conscript to sign a contract, according to which yesterday's fighter undertakes to return to duty from time to time.

In order to interest a person in service in the reserve, the Ministry of Defense will pay a certain amount to the reservist every month. How many exactly - the generals have not yet specified. The main thing is that they want to replenish the purse of the storekeeper, regardless of whether he is working at the moment or is in a military unit.

The size of the army remuneration and the term of the contract, apparently, will depend on the military specialty and qualifications of the reservist. People with professions in short supply in the army, say, operators of air defense anti-aircraft missile systems, will probably be paid more. Repairmen or drivers, most likely, less. But the latter will not have to leave their families for a long time for army retraining. Mastering the "steering wheel" of a new military truck or armored personnel carrier is still easier than delving into the intricacies of the electronic brain of an air defense system. It is possible that with some categories of former soldiers it will not be necessary to conclude a contract at all. Why pay money to an ordinary shooter if his fire and tactical skills are easy to restore at short-term military training camps.

Considering that "technological" positions in the troops will soon be occupied by pro soldiers, the recruitment of their civilian backups for service in the reserve will be handled by military registration and enlistment offices. In our reserve army of successful businessmen and rich people there are only a few. Therefore, the generals hope that the material interest and traditionally benevolent attitude towards the army of yesterday's soldiers will force a considerable number of experienced military experts to respond to the initiative of the Ministry of Defense. They plan to call them for retraining only once a year. So the reservists are not in danger of losing their jobs. Moreover, according to the current legislation, it is forbidden to dismiss such employees. This ban will certainly remain in the new document. As well as the obligation of employers to pay the average monthly salary to subordinates who temporarily retired from the army.

A fundamentally new moment in the life of the reservists may be their temporary service at some objects of the Ministry of Defense. They are not expected in ordinary garrisons. After the transfer of all military units to the category of constant readiness, divisions and brigades were one hundred percent staffed with conscripts and contract soldiers.

However, in some places, instead of reduced regiments, they left bases for storing weapons and military equipment. This arsenal will be used during the deployment of the Armed Forces in a threatening period. However, in order for armored vehicles to drive and fire after a long "hibernation", rockets take off into the air, and planes take to the skies, all this economy must be maintained in a combat-ready state. They want to entrust such a task to the reservists.

As Vasily Smirnov noted, in the staff of each storage base there are 6 military positions and several civilian ones. The General Staff sees no point in appointing military professionals there - they are needed in the line units. Completing the bases with recruits is more expensive for yourself: clumsy soldiers will only spoil the equipment. But keeping experienced reserve specialists on a rotational basis is just that.

Another mobilization innovation could be the involvement of former soldiers in the aftermath of man-made disasters and natural disasters.

The leadership of the Ministry of Defense initially wanted to present a fresh look at the organization of army service and the preparation of a mobilization reserve in two new laws - on military service and about military service. However, the desire of the generals to separate conscription and service issues did not find support. As a result, the State Duma will consider a single bill.

The formation of a reserve is a common practice in leading Western countries. Its staff in Germany, France, Great Britain and the United States exceeds the size of the armed forces. For example, in America the role of the "second front" is played by the National Guard. In addition, the army and air force have their own manpower reserves. In the Ministry of the Navy, the reserve is divided between the fleet, marines and the Coast Guard.

Americans serve in the reserve voluntarily, without fail signing a contract with the military.

Meanwhile

It is possible that the deputies will have questions about the mobilization initiatives of the General Staff. Moreover, among the legislators there are supporters of other options for the formation of a military reserve. Including - by the type of Belarusian. The following scheme of preparing a "second front" has been practiced in this country for 6 years now. They recruit not former military personnel, but draft youth. It is enough for a person to write an application to the military enlistment office with detailed explanation reasons for the impossibility of performing regular service as a soldier. Then get a certificate of good health from the doctors. If the applicant's arguments in the commissariat are considered weighty, he will be enrolled in the mobilization reserve. Service there takes place virtually without interruption from the main work. A conscript is called to study for military specialty in one of the army units. Then comes the stage of a long stay in the reserve with episodic retraining at military training camps.

The diagram looks attractive. However, there is a strong argument against its implementation in Russian practice. Neighbors introduced service in the reserve due to an excess of conscripts who can be put into active service. In our country, as you know, there are always not enough recruits.

If tomorrow is war

The Ministry of Defense is working on a project to create several reserve armies that are planned to be formed in our country in the near future, Franz Klintsevich, deputy chairman of the State Duma Defense Committee, told Izvestia today. Their personnel, working at his enterprises, will periodically participate in military training, and also receive a monthly supplement for staying in the reserve army. The reservists will be ready at any moment to come to their assembly point, receive weapons and take part in a predetermined formed unit.

Military personnel who have completed military or contract service will be able to enroll in the reserve armies. They will be assigned places in the military unit. By going through the training camp, the reservists will be better prepared for exercises, training camps and real war.

As an example of the use of an active reserve, the experience of the United States is cited: a demobilized military man, immediately or shortly after being discharged from the army or air force, concludes a contract with the Pentagon on regular participation in military training and attends combat training classes once a week. This contingent makes up the national guard, which is a branch of the armed forces. It can be used along with internal troops in emergencies by order of the state governor. It is also used in foreign military operations by decision of the President of the United States. So, in Iraq and Afghanistan, according to experts, more than 300 thousand national guardsmen participated.

However, the state deputy, perhaps, is too optimistic in his forecasts about the "armies of reservists." Two years ago, the Ministry of Defense only talked about an experiment on the basis of the Western Military District, it was planned that the size of the "army of reservists" might be 8,600 people.

Two years later

An effective reserve is a multi-decade dream of the Ministry of Defense of our country, because it is also an indicator of the combat readiness of any country.

The reserve and military training were in the USSR, and the farther, the more they lost effectiveness. They could call for training once in a lifetime, or they might not call at all. Drivers were included in the price - instead of fees, they were involved in the harvesting front in agriculture. The tank crews went through the training camp really well. The rest of the "partisans", as the reservists were called, were usually an additional load for military units. The effectiveness of the domestic reserve eventually came to naught.

A permanent, contractual reserve was actively discussed several years ago. In 2008, the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation reported that “in the near future” a new system of training and accumulation of “mobile resources” on a contract basis would be tested. Monthly surcharges were then called at the level of 7 thousand rubles.

In 2012, the draft law on the mobilization reserve was discussed from April to December and under New Year, December 30, the law was passed. Thus, if the project to create "reserve armies" is being discussed in the Ministry of Defense, it means that it is starting to implement the law adopted almost two years ago. In March 2013, the government approved the Regulations on the procedure for the stay of citizens Russian Federation in the mobilization manpower reserve.

reserve competition

The law divides the reservists into two groups. Those who sign the contract are the “mobilization manpower reserve”. The rest are “mobilization human resources”.

The procedure for entering the reserve is spelled out in detail: an application to the military registration department, a characteristic, a "good" medical board, certification. Certification must take place in the military unit where the candidate is sent to the reserve (the road will be paid at the expense of the Ministry of Defense). The decision to accept a candidate or refuse is made by the commission of the military unit after the qualification exam. They may refuse. According to the authors of the law and regulations, there may be competitions for reserve positions and titles. The contract is concluded by the commander of the unit, who is prescribed "a comprehensive study of the reservist."

Contract term. By law, a contract can be concluded for at least three years.

Age threshold : for soldiers, sailors, sergeants, foremen, warrant officers and midshipmen - up to 42 years old, for junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant, captain, lieutenant commander - up to 47 years old, for major, captain 3rd rank, lieutenant colonel, captain 2nd rank - up to 52 years old. Colonels, captains of the 1st rank can enter into a contract up to 57 years.

Money: monthly salary, coefficient for highlands, north, etc., for a new contract - a one-time payment. For continuous stay in the reserve, starting from the second contract - allowances from 10 to 50%.

The amount of salary cannot be lower than 10% of the salary for the military position for which the citizen is assigned to the military unit (intended for special formation), and the salary for military rank.

At the training camp, the salary for the military position provided for by the staff of the military unit, and the salary for the military rank, travel allowances upon delivery to the place of training must be paid, and at work the average salary (stipend) and, of course, the place of work (study) itself.

Privileges.You can get vocational training, retraining and advanced training in the military for free educational institutions, but under conditions determined by the Ministry of Defense.

Perhaps, in the new version, the Russian reserve will acquire a new quality. The material interest of active reservists, the system of retaining and improving their qualifications can at least partially fulfill the long-held dream of the Ministry of Defense. In part, because the system of training and conscription does not seem to ensure the mass character of the “reserve armies” that the State Duma deputy announced.

Are you a reservist by any chance?

Surely this project will meet hidden resistance from employers and complicate their relationship with employees. It is no coincidence that some experts suggest recruiting reservists primarily from military-industrial complex enterprises that work in close contact with the Ministry of Defense.

Perhaps the weakest point of the mobile reserve system is the vagueness of the terms for the absence of reservists at the main workplace. In October 2013, the government added the “Training sessions” to the Regulations on the conduct of training sessions, which should take place “in accordance with the requirements of combat training programs.” When and how often training will take place is an open question.

Now a potential civilian boss can easily ask a woman applying for a vacancy if she is going on maternity leave in the foreseeable future, if so, then goodbye. Such discrimination is punishable by law, but it is not advertised, there is a reason to refuse a place. Now the bosses will ask the men if he is a paid reservist with a guarantee of regular military training and training.

The maximum tenure of a qualified contract reservist is limited only by his age and may exceed more than 20 years.

When discussing the law, the Ministry of Defense noted that the training camps would be held every year for two weeks (so that the reservists would not be interrupted for a long time from work) plus training. However, in the provision on the mobile reserve, the total duration of military training, to which a person can be involved for the entire time he is in the reserve, the limit of fees is formulated differently: it cannot exceed 24 months.

The employer believes: if we proceed from 20 years or more of experience as a contract soldier, then an average of two months a year (with the same salary and length of service) plus training (with the same salary and length of service) will come out. If legislators had indicated not 24 months of fees for the entire career of a reservist, but indicated an annual limit, there would be more stability. By the way, the first who wanted to get into this type of service found out that in three years the period of “out of production” would not exceed 120 days. Statements by the Ministry of Defense, of course, cost a lot, but the law is the law.

The experiment comes to an end

For comparison, the training system for US National Guard reservists is clear and understandable: 48 four-hour sessions throughout the year at training centers, that is, almost every weekend - military training plus three-week training camps, command post and military exercises conducted jointly with regular army troops.

The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation does not have a network of training centers, therefore, according to the law, commanders of military units should deal with reservists. The first experimental unit was created in Khakassia. It was also announced that the experiment will be carried out on the basis of one of the military formations in Siberia.

The deadline is approaching to announce the results of the experiment with the involvement of reservists on the contract. It is possible that new amendments will appear in the law and the provisions on the mobilization reserve.

Help LN.The mobilization reserve is devoted, in particular, to the "Regulations on the procedure for the stay of citizens of the Russian Federation in the mobilization human reserve", the government decree on the training sessions of contract reservists "On amendments to the Regulations on conducting military training" and the basic document - federal law No. 288 of 30 December 2012. This law amended the laws "On Defense", "On mobilization training and mobilization in the Russian Federation", "On military duty and military service", "On the status of military personnel".

Photo: site

On July 17, President Putin signed Decree No. 370 "On the Creation of a Mobilization Manpower Reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation"

The document is quite short, consisting of only four paragraphs, one of which, as indicated in the text, is “for official use”. That is, in other words, secret, not for public viewing.

Thus, Russia has taken another step towards creating a fully professional army. At present, already about 50% of its number are fighters serving under the contract - 300,000 privates and sergeants and 200,000 officers. But this applies to the “personnel” army, deployed, ready to start hostilities at any moment.

However, in addition to the available Armed Forces, any country also has a mobilization reserve - used, except for the period of planned collections and retraining of personnel, for mobilization in case of a threat start of the war, in order to increase the number of armed defenders.

Service in the reserve also exists in Russia - it was actually founded from the moment of the army reforms of Emperor Alexander II, in the second half of the 19th century. During the Soviet era, the order of its organization was changed slightly, which made it possible to quickly create a powerful army during the Great Patriotic War to defeat Nazi Germany. And in the composition of the first divisions that entered Afghanistan in 1979, there were also quite a few "reserves", or, as they are also called - for their not very high level of discipline - "partisans".

Nevertheless, the reserve army, for example, in the United States, is approximately equal in size to the actual size of the Armed Forces. And it does not consist of "green" newcomers, who had never been familiar with army service before mobilization, but of veterans who, for some reason, did not want to continue contract service.

If they wish, they sign another contract and become reservists. They attend regular military training camps, they can also be used by state governors as part of the “National Guard” - to combat riots or eliminate natural Disasters; and the president - for use in the course of full-fledged army operations. So, a good half of the US military in Iraq and Afghanistan are reservists.

The advantage of "reserve fighters" over the traditional "partisans" of the first Soviet and then Russian times is understandable. Starting with motivation. In the church environment there is such a wonderful saying: "A slave is not a pilgrim." Sociological services show a consistently high percentage of Russians who are ready to defend their homeland with weapons in their hands - but “civilian” is “civilian” for that, which thinks least of all about military affairs over everyday affairs. Someone would be glad to go to training camps - but “parking” at work, the need to “work hard” in order to quickly pay off the loan, all sorts of family circumstances, etc. interfere.

In addition, in order to create a truly combat-ready unit, it is necessary that its fighters be well acquainted with each other (at least within squads and crews), and have joint experience of working in a combat situation. At least within the framework of the exercises. Ordinary "accomplices", appearing in the troops well if once every few years, are not suitable for such a role.

The personnel reserve is quite another matter.

67. A citizen who is in the reserve is subject to conscription for military training in accordance with the Federal Law.

The total duration of military training, to which a citizen is involved during his stay in the reserve, cannot exceed 24 months.

That is, for privates-sergeants (reserve period - up to 42 years) - this is obtained at least a month or two during each year. And this is a completely different matter in terms of the effectiveness of training and real combat readiness.

It is clear that in order for people, even very patriotic ones, to make such sacrifices, refusing the usual comfort of a “citizen”, be ready to appear in their military units within 3 days without any “excuses”, they need it somehow financially compensate.

An employee called up for military training must be released from work and paid compensation for the time of the training at the rate of average monthly earnings. But these expenses must be reimbursed to the employer at the expense of the federal budget.

How much will Russian reservists really get? An exact answer to this question will probably be difficult - based on the discord in the assessments of experts and specialists from relevant departments. So, according to estimates 4 years ago, the monthly salary of a reservist officer without allowances should have been about 14 thousand rubles a month, an ordinary - 8-10 thousand. Not so much, of course, but taking into account the “living wage” of 10 thousand rubles, you will not die of hunger, even being completely without “civilian” work. Well, having it - and even more so. So after all, the service does not go on all the time - but, according to the student analogy, “in-person and in absentia”.

Now the figures are called somewhat more modest - 5-8 thousand rubles. When assessing the total costs of the "experiment": in 2015 - 288.3 million rubles, and in 2016 - 324.9 million. And the very number of real “reservists” is still expected to be at the level of only a few thousand people.

In general, if we use only official information, then the process of transferring the Russian “reserves” to a professional track should not cause “beating the timpani”, but much less bravura assessments. Well, in fact, how long can you “tread water in a mortar” - speaking of creating full-fledged “reserve armies”, and in the end having only an “experimental” desire to form 5 thousand “elite reservists”, which are not enough to form even a full-fledged division ?!

And how long can you write Decrees and pass laws? The very first Decree on this very “experiment” was issued back in May 2012, then the corresponding Law followed, and now, it turns out, the fresh Decree only “rewrote” an older document three years ago? And this is in a situation where Russia's "best friends" from the West, led by the United States, are increasingly "rattling weapons" near our borders? Isn't it time to finish with "experimentation" - moving on to the implementation of the desired undertaking on a really necessary scale?

But, who knows, maybe such criticism will not be entirely justified? Some observers are already paying attention to the fact that no specific figures - neither on appropriations for the creation of a mobilization reserve, nor on its specific number, are given in documents available for public viewing. And the “preliminary assessments” of even Duma politicians - well, they are politicians, and not government financiers and generals of the Ministry of Defense.

Foreign analysts have already begun to sound the alarm - unable to understand. According to their estimates, at least 25% of the defense “pie” in the Russian Federation comes from nowhere. That is, one can only guess about their exact origin and potential size of resources.

So it's probably not worth it to sprinkle ashes on your head in advance, comparing the American figures for the maintenance of contract reservists (10% of the Pentagon budget) and the miserable several hundred million rubles in Russia, according to Duma experts, probably not worth it. After all, the human resource is an even more important factor in the successful conduct of a potential war than military equipment. And who is surprised if the data on the exact number of many types of weapons are under great secrecy?

So let NATO continue to think that Russian army will be able to put up only 5,000 well-trained reservists in a hypothetical "hour H". For them, a very unpleasant surprise can turn out - when they discover entire previously “secret” divisions and armies, ready, on the orders of the command, to repulse any aggressor.

The Russian army began a full-scale formation of a mobilization reserve. Soldiers and reserve officers who have signed a contract with the Ministry of Defense will have to attend special classes every month and undergo annual military training. In return, the state guarantees them monthly payments and a number of compensations. In the event of a special period being announced, the existing units will be understaffed with reservists, they are also used to form new ones. Military experts believe that the reform will strengthen the country's defense capability.

The Ministry of Defense told Izvestia that starting this year, the mobilization reserve system will begin to operate in full throughout Russia. The necessary regulations to start the reform have already been adopted. Previously, the department conducted an experiment in certain regions. It lasted almost two years. Its results are recognized as successful.

In 2015, the President of Russia signed a decree "On the creation of a mobilization human reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation." The mechanism for attracting Russians to new structures and the terms of contracts concluded with them are described in the law "On military duty and military service." It states that soldiers and reserve officers who have passed a medical examination can become reservists.

The military registration and enlistment offices are responsible for the formation of the reserve. Not all of them have started the corresponding work yet. However, for example, a set of applicants is already underway in Rostov region- in the military registration and enlistment office of the city of Novoshakhtinsk, a reserve serviceman can conclude a contract for service in the reserve.

To do this, you need to come to the military registration and enlistment office, having a passport and a military ID with you, - Izvestia was told at the Novoshakhtinsk military registration and enlistment office. - A reserve soldier must study 2-3 days a month and pass annual training camps lasting from 20 to 30 days.

Such a person can be called into service at any time: when a special or threatened period is announced, in the event of major exercises, emergencies, or simply an acute shortage of military specialists in units.

The question of creating an organized mobilization reserve has been raised for a long time, - military expert Viktor Murakhovsky told Izvestia. - The new system will make it possible to train and maintain highly qualified personnel in combat readiness, to ensure the rapid transfer of personnel to theaters of military operations, where it is necessary to deploy new formations, but there is not enough local mobile resources.

In particular, according to him, new system attracting personnel will increase defense capability Far East. Parts of this region have technology, but there is a shortage of manpower.

Salary and money for stay

Soldiers and reserve officers entering the reserve sign a contract for three, five or more years. When concluding a new agreement, the Russian receives a lump sum payment: for a three-year period - in the amount of a salary, for five or more years - one and a half times more.

The salary of a reservist will be made up of the official salary, payments for the rank and the regional coefficient. For example, a platoon commander with the rank of senior lieutenant in central Russia will receive 27,500 rubles. The commander of the department with the rank of sergeant in the Kemerovo region (regional allowance - 30%) - 25.3 thousand rubles.

True, in full this money is paid only during the training camp. For the rest of the period, 11 months a year, reservists will be paid 12% of the salary. A senior lieutenant from Central Russia will receive 3,300 rubles a month, a sergeant from the Kemerovo region - 3,036 thousand rubles.

This payment procedure is provided for by the Decree of the Government of Russia “On establishing the amount of the monthly salary for citizens of the Russian Federation staying in the mobilization human reserve, except for the period of military training” dated December 23, 2015.

During the training camp, the state guarantees the reservist the preservation of the average salary or stipend. It will also cover the costs of renting housing, travel expenses, travel fees for fees and returning home.

Seniority allowances are also provided. For example, three years after enrollment, reservists will be able to receive an additional 10% of their salary. Over the years, payments will increase. The maximum allowance - 50% - will be accrued after 20 years of continuous being in reserve.

How it works

The reservist will be assigned to a specific military unit or the Mobilization Deployment Support Center (TsOMR), where he will be trained.

There are such concepts - current and temporary shortage (TNK and VNK), - military expert Vladislav Shurygin told Izvestia. - For example, a serviceman was transferred to another place of service, but no one has been appointed to his place yet. This is a temporary kit. If a person falls ill and can no longer perform his duties, this is a current shortage. TNK and VNK seriously affect the combat capability of a military unit. For example, a battalion may lack a company commander, several machine gunners and driver mechanics. Their absence seriously affects the ability of the battalion to carry out a combat mission. There are also positions that are introduced only in case of war. For example, a machine gunner's assistant or a mortar loader. In peacetime, they are not needed, but in combat they become critical.

TNK and VNK will be replaced by mobile reservists who have signed a contract with military unit. Their other task will be to replenish losses in wartime.

Storage bases are becoming a thing of the past

The bases for the storage and repair of military equipment (BHiRVT) will be disbanded, where tanks, armored personnel carriers and other equipment intended for recruiting parts in the event of mobilization have been standing for years. IN ground forces Until recently, there were more than 40 such bases (14 of them are motorized rifle).

Now a mobilization reserve of personnel is assigned to the BHiRVT, Viktor Murakhovsky told Izvestia. - Soldiers and reserve officers must report to the base in case of a special period. Such a system has its drawbacks. For example, there are questions about the recruitment and coordination of units, it is difficult to find specialists in air defense, engineering and tank troops.

In addition, now the staff list of BHIRVT includes no more than 10 people. Such a number of personnel did not allow maintaining the equipment in proper condition.

The reorganization of motorized rifle BHiRVT has already begun. About a third of them are closed. For example, the 103rd BHiRVT ceased to operate in the Novosibirsk Region. The officers of the units serving at the Shilovsky training ground told Izvestia about this - the base used to be located there.

Military unit 30654 (aka 104th BHiRVT from the city of Biysk Altai Territory) and military unit 92910 (245th BHiRVT from Lesozavodsk, Primorsky Territory) are listed as “inactive” in the SPARK-Interfax database. This means that the parts as legal entities have ceased to exist, and their bank accounts are closed.

New centers for reservists

The TsOMRs created on the basis of BHiRVT will both store equipment and train reservists. If necessary, the centers will be converted into "full-blooded" military units and formations. A new modern infrastructure will be built for the CCMRC.

In 2016, the Ministry of Defense signed a contract for the design of a new BHiRVT on Sakhalin. The project illustrates what a mobilization deployment support center might look like.

It is planned to build a military camp in the village of Dachnoye. There will be a parking area of ​​700 thousand square meters. m, barracks to accommodate 521 soldiers and sergeants, headquarters and training buildings, warehouses for property and rocket and artillery weapons, heated storage for 1.2 thousand parking spaces. Equipment storage and repair areas will be equipped.

Such an infrastructure will make it possible, in case of training, to place a battalion of reservists at the base, conduct exercises and routine maintenance of equipment by their forces.

In foreign countries there are analogues of the system being created in Russia. Thus, in the United States, the army, in the event of a possible threat, will draw personnel from units of the National Guard and the army reserve. In Switzerland, the organized reserve makes up the bulk of the armed forces - these people are ready to arrive at the military unit on demand.

The Russian army began a full-scale formation of a mobilization reserve. Soldiers and reserve officers who have signed a contract with the Ministry of Defense will have to attend special classes every month and undergo annual military training. In return, the state guarantees them monthly payments and a number of compensations. In the event of a special period being announced, the existing units will be understaffed with reservists, they are also used to form new ones. Military experts believe that the reform will strengthen the country's defense capability.

The Ministry of Defense told Izvestia that starting this year, the mobilization reserve system will begin to operate in full throughout Russia. The necessary regulations to start the reform have already been adopted. Previously, the department conducted an experiment in certain regions. It lasted almost two years. Its results are recognized as successful.

In 2015, the President of Russia signed a decree "On the creation of a mobilization human reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation." The mechanism for attracting Russians to new structures and the terms of contracts concluded with them are described in the law "On military duty and military service." It states that soldiers and reserve officers who have passed a medical examination can become reservists.

The military registration and enlistment offices are responsible for the formation of the reserve. Not all of them have started the corresponding work yet. However, for example, recruitment is already underway in the Rostov region - in the military registration and enlistment office of the city of Novoshakhtinsk, a reserve serviceman can conclude a contract for service in the reserve.

“To do this, you need to appear at the military registration and enlistment office, having a passport and a military ID with you,” Izvestia was told at the Novoshakhtinsk military registration and enlistment office. - A reserve soldier must study 2-3 days a month and pass annual training camps lasting from 20 to 30 days.

Such a person can be called into service at any time: when a special or threatened period is announced, in the event of major exercises, emergencies, or simply an acute shortage of military specialists in units.

The question of creating an organized mobilization reserve has been raised for a long time, - military expert Viktor Murakhovsky told Izvestia. - The new system will make it possible to train and maintain highly qualified personnel in combat readiness, to ensure the rapid transfer of personnel to theaters of military operations, where it is necessary to deploy new formations, but there is not enough local mobile resources.

In particular, according to him, the new system for attracting personnel will increase the defense capability of the Far East. Parts of this region have technology, but there is a shortage of manpower.

Salary and money for stay

Soldiers and reserve officers entering the reserve sign a contract for three, five or more years. When concluding a new agreement, the Russian receives a lump sum payment: for a three-year period - in the amount of a salary, for five or more years - one and a half times more.

The salary of a reservist will be made up of the official salary, payments for the rank and the regional coefficient. For example, a platoon commander with the rank of senior lieutenant in the central part of Russia will receive 27.5 thousand rubles. The commander of the department with the rank of sergeant in the Kemerovo region (regional allowance - 30%) - 25.3 thousand rubles.

True, in full this money is paid only during the training camp. For the rest of the period, 11 months a year, reservists will be paid 12% of the salary. A senior lieutenant from Central Russia will receive 3,300 rubles a month, a sergeant from the Kemerovo region - 3,036 thousand rubles.

This payment procedure is provided for by the Decree of the Government of Russia “On establishing the amount of the monthly salary for citizens of the Russian Federation staying in the mobilization human reserve, except for the period of military training” dated December 23, 2015.

During the training camp, the state guarantees the reservist the preservation of the average salary or stipend. It will also cover the costs of renting housing, travel expenses, travel fees for fees and returning home.

Seniority allowances are also provided. For example, three years after enrollment, reservists will be able to receive an additional 10% of their salary. Over the years, payments will increase. The maximum allowance - 50% - will be accrued after 20 years of continuous being in reserve.

How it works

The reservist will be assigned to a specific military unit or the Mobilization Deployment Support Center (TsOMR), where he will be trained.

There are such concepts - current and temporary shortage (TNK and VNK), - military expert Vladislav Shurygin told Izvestia. - For example, a serviceman was transferred to another place of service, but no one has been appointed to his place yet. This is a temporary kit. If a person falls ill and can no longer perform his duties, this is a current shortage. TNK and VNK seriously affect the combat capability of a military unit. For example, a battalion may lack a company commander, several machine gunners and driver mechanics. Their absence seriously affects the ability of the battalion to carry out a combat mission. There are also positions that are introduced only in case of war. For example, a machine gunner's assistant or a mortar loader. In peacetime, they are not needed, but in combat they become critical.

TNK and VNK will be replaced by mobile reservists who have signed a contract with a military unit. Their other task will be to replenish losses in wartime.

Storage bases are becoming a thing of the past

The bases for the storage and repair of military equipment (BHiRVT) will be disbanded, where tanks, armored personnel carriers and other equipment intended for recruiting parts in the event of mobilization have been standing for years. In the Ground Forces, until recently, there were more than 40 such bases (14 of them were motorized rifle).

Now a mobilization reserve of personnel is assigned to the BHiRVT, Viktor Murakhovsky told Izvestia. - Soldiers and reserve officers must report to the base in the event of a special period. Such a system has its drawbacks. For example, there are questions about the recruitment and coordination of units, it is difficult to find specialists in air defense, engineering and tank troops.

In addition, now the staff list of BHIRVT includes no more than 10 people. Such a number of personnel did not allow maintaining the equipment in proper condition.

The reorganization of motorized rifle BHiRVT has already begun. About a third of them are closed. For example, the 103rd BHiRVT ceased to operate in the Novosibirsk Region. The officers of the units serving at the Shilovsky training ground told Izvestia about this - the base used to be located there.

Military unit 30654 (aka 104th BHiRVT from the city of Biysk, Altai Territory) and military unit 92910 (245th BHiRVT from Lesozavodsk, Primorsky Territory) are listed as “inactive” in the SPARK-Interfax database. This means that the parts as legal entities have ceased to exist, and their bank accounts are closed.

New centers for reservists

The TsOMRs created on the basis of BHiRVT will both store equipment and train reservists. If necessary, the centers will be converted into "full-blooded" military units and formations. A new modern infrastructure will be built for the CCMRC.

In 2016, the Ministry of Defense signed a contract for the design of a new BHiRVT on Sakhalin. The project illustrates what a mobilization deployment support center might look like.

It is planned to build a military camp in the village of Dachnoye. There will be a parking area of ​​700 thousand square meters. m, barracks to accommodate 521 soldiers and sergeants, headquarters and training buildings, warehouses for property and rocket and artillery weapons, heated storage for 1.2 thousand parking spaces. Equipment storage and repair areas will be equipped.

Such an infrastructure will make it possible, in case of training, to place a battalion of reservists at the base, conduct exercises and routine maintenance of equipment by their forces.

In foreign countries there are analogues of the system being created in Russia. Thus, in the United States, the army, in the event of a possible threat, will draw personnel from units of the National Guard and the army reserve. In Switzerland, the organized reserve makes up the bulk of the armed forces - these people are ready to arrive at the military unit on demand.