Czech Republic relief and minerals. Natural resources and minerals of the Czech Republic. Natural conditions and resources

Minerals of the Czech Republic.

1. General information

On ter. Ch. A large number of births have been established. k.k. many species and different genetic ones. types; there are several sources of iron, manganese, barite, gold, tin, fluorite, uranium, molybdenum, lead, zinc and copper, but no chromium, platinum (Table 1). Among the EU countries, the Czech Republic ranks 6th in terms of graphite reserves, 7th diatomite, 8th brown coal, and 9th kaolin (Gluckauf, No. 1, 2002). At the same time, Ch. Suffers from a shortage of oil, natural gas, and metal ores. Chemical raw materials are also imported - sulfur, phosphates, potassium salts. All mineral resources of Ch. Can be classified into the following sections: 1. Raw materials, deposits of which are practically absent in the country: chromium, platinum, sulfur, phosphates and potassium salts. 2. Raw materials, available in limited quantities iron, manganese, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, cobalt, asbestos, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, limestone, coal, lignite, bitumen and graphite. 3. Raw materials that can meet domestic industrial needs in the future: feldspar, quartz. 4. Raw materials currently satisfy domestic industrial needs: kaolin, refractory ceramic clays, bentonite and antimony. 5. Raw materials, which are in such a large number that its development requires solving the issues of production-consumption balance and protection the environment: limestone, clay, gravel and stone. 6. Raw materials exist in very limited quantities, with the current level of technology development they cannot be used: molybdenum, scattered elements.

2. Some minerals of the Czech Republic as of 1998-99

Minerals				Share in the world,%
	Confirmed

3. Certain types of minerals

Coal. Prom. coal content is associated with deposits of the Carboniferous and Tertiary periods. Largest coal bass. - Ostrava-Karvinsky coal. Sir. thickness 2.4-3 m. Brown coals are concentrated gh. in the North Bohemian basin.

Uranus. The reserves of uranium ore in Ch. Are very significant. Main the type of mineralization is represented by the U-Ag-Bi-Co-Ni formation developed in the Ore Mountains. More childbirth. Jachymov, discovered back in 1516, the ore reserves have already been worked out. Genus. Located in the districts Zadnie-Chodov (Zakh. Czech Republic), Pribram (Ser. Czech Republic) and Dolni-Rozhinka (Pivd. Moravia), are represented by hydrothermal types, and in the Hamr-na-Ezer region (North Bohemia) - uranium-bearing chalk sandstones.

Non-ferrous metals and polymetals. Childbirth. non-ferrous metal ores are represented by transl. polymetallic ores. These include the formerly now-spent childbirth. Pribram (Pb, Zn, Ag), associated with diabases, and similar genera. Kutna Hora. Another well-known metallogenic region is the Jesenik Mountains, where genera are dated in the vicinity of Zlato-Gora up to the Lower Devonian quartzites. Cu, Pb and Zn, as well as vein genera. Zn + Pb of the same age: Gorni-Benesov, Gorni-Mesto, etc. In the region of the Ore Mountains, pneumatolytic and hydrothermal mineralization of tin-tungsten genera are of great importance. greisen type - Zinovets, Krasno (with a content of 0.2-0.3% Sn; 0.05% W). On the Moravian Upland there is a large, but poor copper-nickel (cobalt) genus. Old Ransky, associated with rocks of the basic composition. Silver is found in some polymetallic genera. Ch. silver reserves were concentrated in genera. Pribram.

Nonmetallic minerals particular births are presented. kaolin, refractory and ceramic clays, magnesite, bentonite, glass sands, feldspar and quartz raw materials, limestone and other materials, including facing and ornamental stone. A special group of mineral raw materials are genera. graphite and fluorite. Graphite belongs to the traditional types of c.c. Czech Republic. Childbirth. represented by crystalline lenses. graphite in the development of moldanubicum Vost. Czech Republic (Cesky Krumlov, Lazets) and childbirth. amorphous graphite Vost. Czech Republic and North. Moravia (Constantine, Jesenik). Fluorite and fluorite-barite genera. Ch. Associated with the Lower Mesozoic and Oligocene-Miocene mineralization. Num. high quality ceramic deposits. kaolin with a thickness of 15-40 m with a content of the useful component in sulfur. 29% are known in the vicinity of Karlovy Vary, they were formed as a result of weathering (kaolinization) of granites in the Tertiary period. In the vicinity of Pilsen, kaolin deposits, suitable for the paper industry, were formed due to arkosic and arkose sandstones of Carboniferous age.The thickness of the deposits is 20-30 m, the content of the useful fraction is approx. twenty%. Similar childbirth. known in the area of ​​Podborzhany (Zach. Czech Republic). Childbirth. high-quality refractory clays are confined to the Carboniferous deposits of the Czech Republic (Rako-Gorzhkovets, Rakovnik), in the Cenomanian Zap. Moravia and Czech Republic. High-quality ceramic clays occur in the Pliocene deposits of the Vost. Czech Republic, Miocene - in the vicinity of Pilsen. Large childbirth. bentonites for foundry production are confined to Tertiary pyroclastic deposits in the Bohemian midlands. Feldspar raw materials are associated with the Quaternary accumulative terraces of the city of Luznice (Czech Republic), with pegmatites and with leucocratic granites. With quartz raw materials, significant genera. glass sands of cognac and mid-Turonian age in the Czech chalk bass. In addition, in Ch. Is childbirth. magnesite, limestone, dolomite, diatomite, talc, zeolite. In the Czech Republic there are many genera. Proterozoic pyritized shales containing 10-15% sulfur and about the same amount of manganese (Khvalititsa). Large reserves of these shales (about 430 million tons) are a potential resource of S, Mn.

Construction Materials. Throughout the rub. Ch. Widespread deposits of .. materials (facing and decorative stone, pebbles, brick clays, etc.), but their development is often limited by environmental legislation. Famous genera. various precious and semi-precious stones. These are Czech garnets, tektites (moldavite), agate and jasper.

Mineral springs. Based on the number. of mineral springs in Ch. there are dozens of health resorts. Of these, the most famous: in Zap. Czech Republic (Karlovy Vary, Marianske Lazne, Frantiskovy Lazne, Jachymov, Kienhvart, Konstantin Lazne) and Central Bohemia (Podebrady) in Moravia - Luhacovice, Teplice nad Becvoy, Darkov, Velke Losiny, Jesenik, etc.

See also

Sources of

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The Czech Republic is a distinctive cultural country that attracts constant attention of tourists. This fact is explained by the fact that unique natural resources are concentrated on its territories. In a relatively small country in terms of area, there are forests, which make up almost 63% of all forest resources in Europe. The landscapes of the Czech Republic are very diverse, where the flat terrain changes with the medium-altitude mountains. There are many rivers in the country.

Everything natural resources The Czech Republic was the reason for the creation of many protected areas and resort places near healing and mineral springs, of which there are a lot in the country.

Water resources

The Czech Republic is rich in various reservoirs and has a developed river system... All rivers of the country are included in the basin of the Elbe or Laba (357 km), Morava (329 km) and Odra, which are the main and largest here. You can also highlight the Vltava and Dyje rivers. All rivers play an important role in providing the population water resources... Only the Vltava and Elbe rivers are used for shipping.

Many other reservoirs have been created in the state, such as ponds (52 thousand hectares), which are concentrated in large numbers in the south of the Czech Republic. They breed different types of freshwater fish. Quite a lot of dams have been built on the country's reservoirs. They are playing the main role in the country's electricity supply and consumption by the population drinking water... Recreation areas were built near reservoirs and on artificial lakes Orlik, Lipno (4870 hectares), Novie Mlyn (1558 hectares), etc. The Czech Republic is a country of resorts and medical sanatoriums, because it has healing mineral waters at its disposal.

Land resources

The relief of the Czech Republic is very diverse, it intertwines the Moravian plains with the mountains of the Czech massif. The highest points of the massif are small plateaus with the Brdi Upland. Their heights are no more than 600 m. Further to the north, the mountains rise higher near the Laba valley, the height of which in some places (Sudety, Czech Forest, Šumava, Ore Mountains) reaches 1 km. The Sudetes are the most extended throughout the territory and the highest. Here, in the valleys of the Giant Mountains, there is Mount Snezka 1.602 m, which is considered the most high point Czech Republic.

The Moravian Plain is characterized by an alternation of highlands with lowlands. In the north of the country, the plains, together with the Carpathians and the Sudetes, form the Moravian Gate.

Forest resources

Forests of the Czech Republic make up 30% of its total area. It is dominated by coniferous forests, especially spruce and pine. This type of wood is widely used in industry. Alpine meadows occupy a significant part of the forest resources. Forest strips stretch in the mountains and in the center of the country. The forests of the Czech Republic are home to many species of wild animals.

In the Czech Republic, the question of preserving the beauty and intactness of the natural heritage has been seriously raised. Therefore, the nature here is practically in perfect and ecologically clean condition. The country has 1351 nature reserves with common area 9270 km 2, of which 1111.2 km 2 are allocated for National parks Czech Republic.

Mineral resources

In the Czech Republic, brown and hard coal is actively mined, the deposits of which are abundant. The most important basins for coal mining are Mostetsky, Sokolovsky and Otsravsko-Karvinsky. There are sources of non-metallic ores, namely kaolin, magnesite, graphite, quartz sands. The country has quite a few reserves of oil, uranium and natural gas, and the sources for the extraction of non-ferrous and ferrous metals are practically exhausted today.

Industrial heritage of the country

Among the post-communist countries, the Czech Republic came to the forefront in terms of economic development... The country has a well-built economy and a path to the development of the country, which made it possible for it to achieve success and become a leading industrial European power... The country has well-developed areas of industry such as fuel energy, mechanical engineering and ferrous metallurgy, food, chemical and light. The recreational network and tourism are also well developed. As for the farming and Agriculture, then its role today is reduced in the country, and the share of those employed in this area is steadily declining.

In this article you will find various maps of the Czech Republic, as well as basic facts and useful information about the geography of the country.

Czech Republic is a country located in central Europe. The Czech Republic has no outlet to the sea. The country is completely located in the northern eastern hemisphere.

Czech Republic statistics

• The area of ​​the Czech Republic: 78866 km², the 113th largest country in the world.
• Distance from northernmost point to southernmost point: 278 km.
• Distance from easternmost to westernmost point: 493 km.
• Borders: the total length of the border is 2290.2 km. Border with Germany in the north and west (810 km), border with Poland in the east (762 km), border with Austria in the south (466 km), border with Slovakia in the east (252 km).
• Highest point: Mount Sněžka 1603 m.
• Lowest point: Hřensko 115 m above sea level.
• Average height of the country: 430 m above sea level.
• Access to the sea: no
• Czech Time: Central European Time (UTC +1)

The Czech Republic is divided into 13 regions and Prague: Prague, Central Bohemian Region, South Bohemian Region, Plzensky Region, Karlovy Vary Region, Ustecky Region, Liberec Region, Hradec Králové Region, Pardubice Region, Vysočina, South Moravian Region, Olomouc Region, Moravian-Silesian Region. Each region has a capital. On the map you can see all the edges and their emblems.

Natural resources Czech Republic

Natural conditions and the resources of the Czech Republic are favorable enough for the development of its economy.

The country's varied topography contains plains, highlands and mountain ranges.

The mountains are medium in height, these are the Bohemian Forest, the Czech Massif, the Krkonoše, the Bohemian-Moravian Upland.

Remark 1

The country, which is small in area, has 16 mountain ranges and 400 peaks. The mountains of the Czech Republic are located in dense, frequent ridges.

West Bohemia even has its own volcanoes, for example, the crater of the extinct volcano Komorni-Hurka.

In the swampy area of ​​the Slavkovský Les there are many mud volcanoes emitting mineral water.

There are also the Koněpruské caves - amazingly beautiful karst caves.

The geographical location determines the country's climate, which is quite favorable. The country is located on the path of the Atlantic air masses forming a temperate continental climate with well-defined seasons.

Since the relief of the country is mountainous and hilly, the local air circulation has great importance because the relief affects both the air temperature and the distribution of precipitation.

Winters are mild with temperatures on the plains -2, -4 degrees and -8, -10 degrees in the highlands. With rare frosts, the temperature can drop to -15 degrees.

The summer period is moderately hot with a temperature of + 19, + 21 degrees. In the mountains, the summer temperature is +4, +8 degrees.

In most of the country, precipitation falls from 600 to 800 mm and 20% of it falls in the form of snow. Maximum amount precipitation occurs in the summer months - June-August.

The climatic conditions and relief of the country affect the formation of soils, the most common are podzolic and brown forest soils, black soil accounts for a smaller area. Chernozems are characteristic of Central Moravia.

The territory of the Czech Republic is 60% covered coniferous forest and among European countries is the most wooded.

Deciduous and mixed forests account for 1/5 of each. The coniferous forest is represented by pine and spruce, and deciduous forest- beech and oak.

Above the forest boundary in mountainous areas there are alpine meadows. Mountain forests are home to lynx and numerous small animals - fox, squirrel, weasel, etc.

The major waterways of the country are:

• Vltava,
• Laba (Elba),
• Morava.

The river network is dense. The longest Czech river is the Vltava.

Most of the Czech lakes are reservoirs. The largest lakes-reservoirs include Lipno, Orlik, Novomlinskoe.

Resort zones have been created on some reservoirs.

Minerals of the Czech Republic

The reserves of minerals in the Czech Republic cannot be called very large, but the deposits of many of their types have different genetic types and economic significance.

The Vienna Basin is known for its oil and gas fields in production. The deposits themselves are small.

Of the larger ones, the Grushka oil field and the Visoka gas field are known. On the southeastern slopes of the Czech massif, the Zhdanice oil field was discovered, with reserves of about 15 million tons, and the gas field Plant in the Vienna Basin, with reserves of more than 10 billion cubic meters. m.

Coal deposits are represented by coal, brown coal and lignite. Coking coals are found in the largest Ostrava-Karvinas basin. Coal seams have an average thickness of 2.4 to 3 m.

The Polish Lower Silesian coal basin continues on the territory of the Czech Republic. Within the Czech Republic, it is called the East Bohemian Basin, its area is 600 sq. km. The thickness of coal seams reaches 1 m and rarely reaches 3 m.

The largest brown coal mining is the North Bohemian basin. The Sokolovsky and Cheb basins are quite significant in terms of coal reserves.

In terms of its importance, the Sokolovsky basin is considered the second in the country. It covers an area of ​​over 200 sq. km and contains three coal seams of working capacity. Explored 750 million tons.

The coal reserves of the Cheb Basin are about 1 billion tons on an area of ​​300 square meters. km. There is one seam of brown coal in the basin. High Quality.

The reserves of uranium ores in the Ore Mountains are significant, the most famous deposit here is Jachymov, but the ores are almost depleted.

Other uranium deposits include Zadni-Chodov, Pribram and Gamrayona-Jezere - these are Western, Central and North Bohemia, respectively.

Non-ferrous metals are mainly represented by deposits of polymetallic ores. Such deposits as Pribram and Kut-na-Gora have already been worked out. Another metallogenic region is the Jeseniki Mountains, where copper, lead and zinc deposits are located.

A fairly large deposit of copper-nickel ores was formed on the Czech-Moravian Upland, but it is poor in ore content.

Gold deposits are known in the middle reaches of the Vltava. Silver is found in a number of polymetallic deposits; its main reserves are located in the Pribram deposit.

Non-metallic resources are represented by kaolin, refractory and ceramic clays, magnesite, bentonite, glass sands, feldspar and quartz raw materials.

Deposits of graphite and fluorite represent a special group. Graphite occurs in South Bohemia - the Cesky Krumlov and Lazets deposits, as well as in South Bohemia and Moravia - Konstantin and Jeseniki.

Nonmetallic minerals of the Czech Republic

There are also nonmetallic raw materials in the depths of the country, but its reserves are also not large in size.

Quite often there are deposits of high-quality kaolin, the thickness of the kaolin layers reaches 15-40 m, and the content of the useful component reaches 29%.

Such deposits are known in the vicinity of the cities of Karlovy Vary and Plzen - the deposits of Kaznejov, Horní Břiza.

Deposits of high-quality refractory clays are associated with the areas of coal deposits - the Rako-Gorzhkovets and Rakovnik deposits.

In the Cheb basin of the Czech Republic and in some other places, there are ceramic clays, also of high quality.

In South Bohemia, these are the Zliv, Klikov, Borovani deposits, there are deposits in the vicinity of Plzen.

High-quality bentonites, necessary for foundry production, are found in the Daupov Mountains and in the Bohemian Middle Mountains.

Feldspar deposits are associated with the terraces of the Luznice River within South Bohemia, and there are significant reserves of quartz raw materials in the Czech Cretaceous Basin - the Strzelech and Srni deposits.

The facing stone is represented by limestone, marble, travertine and granitoids.

The main centers of limestone distribution are Central Bohemia, Moravian Kras.

Large reserves of shale, containing 10-15% sulfur and manganese, are in Chvaletica near the town of Kolin. The reserves are estimated at 426 million tons.

Place of Birth building materials- facing and decorative stone, pebble, brick clay, common throughout the country. True, the development of these resources is limited by environmental legislation.

Precious and ornamental stones include Czech garnets from the Bohemian Midlands, tektites from South Bohemia, agate, and jasper from North Bohemia.

The country's great wealth is its mineral springs, of which there are more than 2000.

The largest of them are Karlovy Vary, Marianske Lazne, Frantiskovy Lazne, Jachymov, Kinhvart, Konstantinovy ​​Lazne, located in Central Bohemia, in Moravia - Luhacovice, Teplice nad Becvoy, Darkov, Velke Losinj, Jesenik, etc.