Download presentation history of the creation of the army. Presentation on the topic "The history of the creation of the armed forces of the Russian Federation" in powerpoint format. Strategic missile forces RVSN

OBZH teacher Tarasova Lidia Nikolaevna Tula 2015
Municipal budget educational institution- average comprehensive school№66 History of the creation of the Armed Forces of Russia

Lesson objectives: To acquaint students with the history of the formation of the Russian armed forces; Form students' ideas about the content of military reforms; Development and improvement of general educational skills and abilities. Promote the formation of patriotic feelings. To instill in students a sense of pride and patriotism on the heroic examples of the Armed Forces
The history of the creation of the Armed Forces of Russia

There is only one organized force in Russia - the army, and the fate of Russia is in its hands. Skobelev M.D.

Year of reform Leader of ongoing reforms Essence of military reforms Results of reforms

XVI CENTURY Ivan IV (Terrible)

XVI century Ivan IV the Terrible Local system of manning the troops. City Cossacks Pososhnaya army (people's militia) The number of the Russian army is increasing, the combat power of the state is increasing.

Navy
Azovsky (v. Turkey and Crimea)
Baltic (v. Sweden)
Caspian (for the Persian campaign)
Peter I (reign 1682-1725)

Year of reform Leader of ongoing reforms Essence of military reforms, main branches of troops Results of reform
1682-1725 Peter I Recruitment set. Formed 3 types of troops: Created 3 fleets: Regular army. Creation of a fleet. Introduction to military training.

XIX CENTURY Alexander II Minister of War Milyutin
The transition from conscription to all-estate universal conscription.
The goal of the reform: in peacetime, the size of the army is minimal, and in war time is maximized due to the trained stock.
9 years in stock
The term of military service was 15 years.
6 years of active service
The following were exempted from military service:
- teachers;
- doctors;
- the clergy;
- workers of science and art

Year of reform Leader of ongoing reforms Essence of military reforms, main branches of troops Results of reform
1855-1881 Alexander II, D.A. Milyutin Compulsory all-class military service. General term service 15 years. Rearmament of the army, the transition from sailing to steam fleet.

The beginning of the XX CENTURY NICHOLAS II
1905 - 1912 implementation of the next military reform Objectives: -centralization of military command; - expansion of the number of combat arms (railway, engineering troops, aviation, submarine fleet begins to develop).
reign 1894-1917

January 15, 1918
Decree on the creation of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA)
January 29, 1918
Decree on the establishment of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Fleet
INFANTRY
CAVALRY
Baltic Fleet
30 different fleets

Year of reform Leader of ongoing reforms Essence of military reforms, main branches of troops Results of reform
1917-1991 Government of the Republic of Soviets, Ministry of Defense of the USSR Recruitment of the standing army. The law on general military service. Victory of the USSR in WWII 1941-1945. new types of troops, the army is equipped with new weapons, military equipment.

XX century Russia
President of the Russian Federation (Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation)
Ministry of Defence
TYPES OF TROOPS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Ground troops
Air Force
Navy

Priority tasks in the field of reforming the RF Armed Forces.
Optimization of the structure, combat strength and the strength of the Armed Forces; 2. Qualitative improvement of the aircraft training; 3. Improving the technical equipment of the RF Armed Forces; 4. Ensuring legal and social protection of servicemen and their families.

Presentation on the topic "History of the creation of the armed forces Russian Federation"on life safety in powerpoint format. Contains a lot of interesting information about how the Russian armed forces were historically created. Author of the presentation: teacher-organizer of life safety Sergei Fedorovich Pogrebnyak.

Fragments from the presentation

History is a powerful factor in the upbringing of conscious patriotism.

To belittle your history, to forget it means to spit on the graves of your ancestors who fought for their native land ... V. Pikul

Kulikovo field, Poltava field, Borodinskoye - were covered with glory of Russian weapons, which gave birth to freedom and power of our country. All of them have become magnificent memorials of history.

At all times, the Russian people came out as a united friendly family to drive out the greedy conquerors who came to our land, was a staunch defender of their native home - the Russian land.

The development and formation of the Russian Armed Forces is inextricably linked with history Of the Russian state.

Over the years, the Russian people constantly had to wage an armed struggle, defending their lands from foreign invaders. In the period from the XIV to the XVII century. practically there is not a single peaceful year when it would be calm on the borders of the Russian state and there was no need to repulse the enemy. Therefore, the state was in constant readiness for war, and its structure corresponded to this requirement.

Military reforms of Ivan the Terrible 1550 - 1571

• The origins of the birth of a military organization in our Fatherland go back to the period of the reign of Ivan III the Great (1462-1505), who began the mass distribution of land allotments and estates to the servants of the princely court, as well as to free people, subject to their service, that is, he laid the foundation for the formation of the service nobility ...
• Ivan III's efforts to create a strong military organization of the Russian state were continued by Ivan IV, who created one of the largest armies in Europe in terms of the number of armies - 250-300 thousand people (about 3% of the population of Russia).
• In the period from 1550 to 1571. Ivan the Terrible carried out military reforms, which began with a decree of October 3, 1550 on the division of land around Moscow by 1000 landowners who occupied key command states in the army.

Main content:

• streamlining the manning system and military service
• in the local army;
• organization of the centralized command and control of the army;
• the creation of a permanent streltsy army;
• centralization of the supply system;
• the creation of a permanent guard service on the southern border.

Military reforms of Peter I 1st quarter of the 18th century

• The regular Russian army was created under Peter I at the beginning of the 18th century. Its creation was facilitated by the defeat of the Russian troops in 1700 near Narva in the battle with the Swedish army. The rifle regiments and the noble cavalry showed their complete helplessness. The Russian army lost more than 6 thousand people and all the artillery near Narva.
• Peter I introduced a new system of manning the army. It began to be carried out according to the principle of recruitment, when 10-20 peasant households, by lot, supplied one person for life. military service... The introduction of recruiting service allowed Peter I to significantly increase the number of permanent troops. The officer corps of the Russian army consisted of nobles, for them civil service was mandatory and lifelong. To receive an officer's rank, a nobleman had to serve as a soldier in guards regiments- Preobrazhensky or Semenovsky.
• In terms of organization, armament, and combat training, the reforms of Peter I advanced the Russian army to one of the first places in Europe.

Main content:

• creation of Russian (national) regular army and a fleet based on a recruiting manning system;
• the abolition of previously existing heterogeneous military formations and the introduction of the same type of organization and weapons in the infantry, cavalry and artillery;
• the introduction of a unified system of military training and education, regulated by regulations;
• centralization of military control, replacement of orders by the Military Collegium and the Admiralty Collegium, the establishment of the post of commander-in-chief, under which a field headquarters was created headed by the quartermaster general;
• the opening of military schools for the training of officers and the regulation of the service of officers;
• military judicial reforms.

Military reforms 1860-70s

• Transformation in the Russian Armed Forces under the leadership of Minister of War D. A. Milyutin. They had the goal of creating a massive army, eliminating the military backwardness of Russia, revealed in the Crimean War of 1853-56.
• In 1874, a new Statute on military service was approved.
• Since that time, recruitment to the army has been abolished in Russia and universal military service has been introduced, which has spread to the male population of all classes and estates, who has reached the age of 21. The total service life was set at 15 years: of which 6 years were in active military service, and 9 years were in the reserve. Particular attention was paid to improving the professional training of officers. The literacy of the soldiers was recognized as necessary, so teaching them to read and write became compulsory.

Main content:

• replacement of conscription with all-class conscription, creation of an exchange reserve stock, formation of a military district control system (15 districts);
• the allocation of a new "Regulations on field command and control of troops in wartime", rearmament of the army with rifled small arms and artillery;
• reorganization of combat training of troops (development and introduction of new military regulations in the troops), as well as the system of training officers (replacement cadet corps military gymnasiums, the establishment of military and cadet schools);
• established permanent military courts (regimental, military district and main).

Military reforms of the 1905-1912s

After the defeat in Russo-Japanese War the government of Nicholas II took measures to revive the combat power of the Russian armed forces. This was forced by the difficult international situation. World War, which began on July 19, 1914, Germany declared war on Russia, and after it on France. In a matter of days after that, the main European states... The First World War became another heroic and at the same time tragic page for the history of Russia and its armed forces.

Main content:

• the centralization of military command has been strengthened (a territorial recruitment system has been introduced);
• the terms of service have been reduced, the officer corps has been rejuvenated;
• new programs for military schools, new regulations and new models of artillery pieces have been adopted;
• heavy field artillery has been created, engineering troops have been reinforced, and material support has been improved.

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THE HISTORY OF THE CREATION OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Lesson 21 1. Traditions of the Russian army. 2. Formation of the Red Army. 3. Armed Forces of the Soviet Union before the Second World War. 4. The post-war state of the Armed Forces. 5. Reform of the modern Armed Forces of Russia.

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The first information about the military organization of our ancestors appears in chronicles around the 6th century. At that time, the tribal unions of the Slavs created armed militias, which included almost all adult men. The basis of the army is the princely squad.

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In the middle of the 16th century, Ivan the Terrible carried out a military reform. As a result, a streltsy army was created. It served not only in wartime, but also in peacetime. Sagittarius had uniform weapons (pishchal, saber and reed) and shape.

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The 18th century was militarily important for the country. The young Tsar Peter I carried out military reforms, the result of which was the creation of regular armed forces ( land army and fleet) numbering more than 200 thousand people. The origin of the traditions of the Russian guard.

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Generalisimus Suvorov Field Marshal General Kutuzov Admirals Ushakov, Nakhimov General Skobelev

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The October Revolution of 1917 destroyed the existing state structure Russia and eliminated the armed forces. In the first months, the government of the Republic of Soviets had to create new armed forces, taking into account the new social structure of the country, external threats and material capabilities.

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The small, poorly trained Red Guard could not withstand the invasion of the German troops. The threat of an invasion by German troops forced Soviet government start recruiting a standing army.

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On January 15, 1918, a decree was adopted on the creation of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA), and on January 29, 1918, on the organization of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Fleet. The army and navy were created on a voluntary basis.

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In February 1918, the young Red Army and the sailors of the Baltic Fleet had to repel the onslaught of the German troops. In commemoration of the massive entry of volunteers into the Red Army to defend the Fatherland and courageous resistance of the Red Army detachments, the day of February 23 began to be celebrated as the Day Soviet army and the Navy, and since 1992 as the Day of Defenders of the Fatherland.

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The main content of the reforms: Formation of the Red Army and the reform of the old army; Adoption in December 1917 of the Decree on the abolition of military ranks, ranks, insignia and advantages. The SNK became the supreme governing body, the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs became the body of direct control; In April 1918, recruitment into the Army moved from the principle of voluntariness to the principle of conscription, from the election of commanders to their appointment. Compulsory military service is introduced in May.

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The international situation during this period required the constant strengthening and improvement of the armed forces. The second world war was approaching. In these conditions, the Soviet government took measures to strengthen the country's defense capability. The number of the armed forces steadily increased: in 1935 - 930 thousand people, in 1938 - 1.5 million people and by the beginning of 1941 - 5.7 million people.

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The main content of the reforms: Creation in March 1938 of the Main Military Council of the Red Army and the Main Council of the Navy, in charge of military development; The institution of military commissars, which existed until August 1940, was introduced; Conscription was now extended to everyone; The terms of service were increased, the draft age decreased, the period of stay in the reserve was lengthened; The whole personnel The Armed Forces pledged to the military oath; The responsibility for desertion and unauthorized absences from the unit is increasing.

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Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 was the greatest test of the ability of the USSR Armed Forces to defend the country's independence.

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During this period, the domestic military school nominated a number of talented military leaders (G.G. Zhukov, K.K. Rokosovsky, S.K. Timoshenko, A.M. Vasilevsky, I.S. Konev, etc.), who skillfully carried out military operations, leading to the defeat of a staunch and well-armed enemy.

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The main content of the reforms: Announced general mobilization all men from 19 to 55 years old; The structural organization of the armed forces has become more complex. The structure of the Armed Forces now included fronts, armies, corps, divisions, brigades, regiments, battalions, companies, platoons and squads; In 1942, the Infantry Combat Regulations were published. The division of military personnel into privates, sergeants, officers and generals was introduced, new insignia were introduced; The system of military tribunals became more complex and increased, the Main Directorate of Logistics was established; A resolution was adopted obliging the republican, regional and district committees of the party to deploy resistance (partisan movement) behind enemy lines.

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After the war, the improvement and strengthening of the Armed Forces continued in accordance with the forecast of the international situation and the policy pursued by the Soviet government. In the mid-50s, a radical transformation of the Soviet Armed Forces began, equipping them with nuclear missile weapons and other newest types of weapons and military equipment.

23 slide

In 1969 was created the new kind Of the Armed Forces of the USSR - Strategic Missile Forces.

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The main content of the reforms: The supreme leadership of the country's defense and the Armed Forces of the USSR was carried out by the Central Committee of the CPSU and the highest bodies of state power (the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the Council of Ministers of the USSR). The direct leadership of the USSR Armed Forces was carried out by the USSR Ministry of Defense. A new branch of the Armed Forces has appeared - the Strategic Rocket Forces;

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After the breakup Soviet Union the main legal successor of the Armed Forces of the USSR was the Russian Federation, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were created.

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The construction of the RF Armed Forces was planned in three stages. The first one ended in 1992. In the course of it, the decline in the level of combat readiness, which began after the collapse of the USSR, was stopped, the approaches to the creation of groupings of troops and general-purpose forces were revised and the formation of new ones began in connection with the changed state borders.

Asbestos-Sukholozhsky branch

GBPOU "SOMK"

Theoretical lesson: "The history of the creation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation"

Tsykarev Anton Yurievich

Teacher

Lesson plan

• Organization of the armed forces of the Moscow state in the XIV-XV centuries;

2. The military reform of Ivan the Terrible in the middle of the 16th century;

4. Military reforms in Russia in the second half of the 19th century, the creation of a mass army;

5. Creation of the Soviet Armed Forces, their structure and purpose;

6. Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, basic prerequisites for military reform;

1. Organization of the armed forces of the Moscow state

in the XIV-XV centuries

Throughout the history of the Russian state, the Russian people constantly had to wage an armed struggle, defending their lands from foreign invaders. In the history of the country in the period from the 14th to the 17th century. there is almost no time when all the borders of the state would be peaceful and there would be no need to repulse the enemy.

According to Russian historians, the Moscow state in the 16th century. could have an army of 150-200 thousand soldiers.

In the most serious and important campaigns, auxiliary detachments joined the combat units - militia.

Militia consisted of townspeople and peasants, who were poorly armed and of little use for military operations. The militias were mainly used to guard convoys, build roads, perform engineering work during the siege of enemy fortresses. In such campaigns, the total number of troops could be up to 300 thousand people.

The basis of the armed forces of the Moscow state during this period was noble formations. For military service, the nobles received from the Moscow sovereigns land holdings with peasants (estates).

During the reviews, at which the readiness of the noble detachments for hostilities was checked, each nobleman was obliged to appear for the review in full armor, having two horses - a fighting and a spare, one or more armed servants.

In case of failure to appear for the inspection, being late for a campaign, arriving poorly equipped or without the prescribed number of armed servants, a fine or a reduction in the size of land ownership was imposed.

Watching service people

2.Military reform of Ivan the Terrible in the middle of the 16th century

Army of "archers from archers"

The standing army in Russia dates back to the archers of Ivan IV the Terrible. Before that, there was no permanent army in Russia. V the old Russian state the army consisted of the squads of the Grand Duke and local princes, as well as of the militia collected for the period of a campaign or war.

Single Russian army was created in the form of a feudal local militia, which consisted mainly of mounted warriors. At the end of the 15th century, in connection with the spread of firearms, local infantry appeared - squeakers.

However, the local cavalry and local infantry were not permanent troops. If necessary, they were required to convene by order of the sovereign.

After the second Kazan campaign, the failure of which was largely due to the absence in the Moscow army a large number foot army, Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible in 1550 issued supreme decree on the creation of a new army from "elected archers from archers". According to this decree, a detachment of foot Russian troops of 3 thousand people was established. It consisted of six "articles" (regiments) of 500 archers each. "Articles" were divided into hundreds of shooters. The commanding staff was appointed from the "boyar children".

The rifle army was recruited from the townspeople and "free hunters" people who were not subject to state taxes (taxes) and were, in fact, fit for lifelong military service. Streltsy received salaries (cash and grain) and land plots near cities.

Over time, the rifle regiments - "articles" - began to be called orders. 500-1000 people each. The orders were organizationally divided into hundreds, fifty and tens. The order was commanded by the streltsy head (colonel), below him in the military ranks were centurions, half-soldiers, foremen.

Shooting army.

Miniature of the 17th century

The Tsar-autocrat controlled the streltsy army through a specially created ministry - the Streletsky order.

The archers of each order had a distinctive dress code.

The archer's armament consisted of a smooth-bore hand squeak (match gun), a saber and a reed (battle ax). The latter was a form of an ax, had the shape of a crescent with pointed ends and was mounted on a long, about 1.5 meters, wooden handle.

Thus, the streltsy army was recruited from the tsarist encirclement, the free population. Streltsy regiments were located in the settlements. In peacetime, garrison and border service were assigned to the streltsy regiments. In wartime, the streltsy army posed a serious threat to the enemy.

OUTPUT

Moscow Russia began to transform into centralized state, for the protection of whose interests a state armed organization was required, i.e. standing army.

The military reforms of Ivan the Terrible were caused by the need to strengthen the Russian army and were aimed at:

• streamlining the system of manning and military service in the local army;

• organization of centralized command and control of the army;
• the creation of a permanent streltsy army;
• the separation of the "squad" (artillery) into an independent branch of the army;
• centralization of the supply system;
• the creation of a permanent guard service on the southern borders of the state, which was the prototype of the border troops.

By the end of the 17th century, the Russian army, despite some achievements in military development associated with the activities of Ivan IV, could not ensure the solution of internal and foreign policy problems.

At the end of the XVII and in the early years of the XVIII century. Peter I began a radical reorganization of the armed forces. This period is considered to be the time of the creation of the regular Russian army.

In 1691, the first regular regiments - Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky - were formed as combatant regiments.

Then two elective Moscow regiments were recruited - Gordon and Lefort. The streltsy army created under Ivan the Terrible is being liquidated.

What is the essence of the reforms of Peter I? First of all, the system of manning the troops is changing - recruiting is being introduced. The state compulsorily recruited a certain number of recruits from the tax-paying estates of peasants and townspeople annually. The population belonging to the tax-paying estates, annually had to supply

for military service a certain number of recruits (for example, 1 recruit from 20 households). The draft age was 20 - 30 years old, and the service life was lifelong.

Particular attention was paid to the formation of the officer corps. It was recruited mainly from the nobility. Military service for them began at the age of 15, and before receiving the officer's rank, it was necessary to serve a certain period in the regiment. Under Peter I in Russia, for the first time created educational establishments for the training of naval, artillery, engineering and other specialist officers.

In the army and in the navy a new system is introduced military ranks and solid foundations of service, enshrined in the "Table of Ranks" 1722

A new organizational structure of the army and unified states were established. The armed forces consisted of a field army, garrison troops, land militia and irregular units. The field army included 2 guards, 5 grenadier, 35 infantry, 33 dragoons and 1 artillery regiment.

V large cities garrison troops were stationed to maintain internal order... They also served as reserve and reserve troops for field armies, and trained, trained and supplied recruits.

In the structure of the armed forces, three types of troops were distinguished: infantry, cavalry, artillery. The regiment became the main tactical unit in the infantry and cavalry. For the period of hostilities, the regiments were reduced to brigades, the latter in divisions.

The infantry became the main branch of the army. The cavalry accounted for 20-30 percent of the army. The role of artillery increased. Engineering troops were born.

OUTPUT

The main content of the military reforms of Peter I:

• the creation of a regular army of infantry and cavalry regiments with a single headquarters, weapons and uniforms;
• conducting combat training according to the Military Regulations of 1716 and the Naval Regulations of 1720;
• the formation of an army and navy from recruits (annually, from 500 souls of the taxable population, 1 recruit was exhibited);
• training of officers from the nobility who began service in the guards regiments;
• improvement of artillery.

At the beginning of the 18th century. in Russia, a permanent regular national army was created, consisting of three types of troops - infantry, artillery, cavalry (reiters and dragoons) and the navy. Officer and general ranks were introduced (in accordance with the Peter's table of ranks).

Height military power allowed our state to become a great power - The Russian Empire.

4. Military reforms in Russia in the second half of the 19th century, the creation of a mass army.

In the XVIII - early XIX centuries Russian industry continues to develop rapidly. High level mining business and production determined a good technical base of the army, which had good weapons, powerful artillery.

In the period outlined above, the glory of Russian weapons thundered all over the world. This was facilitated by the activities of such major commanders and thinkers as P. Rumyantsev. A. Suvorov, G. Potemkin, M. Kutuzov.

But since Russia embarked on the path of capitalist development later than other countries, it began to increasingly experience the impact of the crisis of the feudal-serf system. This was the reason for the defeat of Russia in the Crimean War (1853 - 1856).

The recruiting method of recruiting troops, once an advanced one, no longer corresponded to the new methods of warfare. It was necessary to urgently introduce universal military service, shorten the service life, and create trained reserves.

The initiator of military reforms was the Minister of War D. Milyutin, a prominent scientist in the field military history and statistics. In the course of these reforms (1862 - 1874), all-class conscription was introduced, technical re-equipment of the army and navy was carried out, and the system of military command and control, training and education of personnel was changed.

Since 1864 the whole territory of Russia was divided into 15 military districts. Each of them was at the same time an organ of drill command and an organ of the military - administrative structure, concentrating in itself all the functions of the military leadership in the field.

The law developed and introduced in 1874 declared that the defense of the throne and the Fatherland was the sacred duty of every Russian subject and that the male population, regardless of class, was subject to military service. By this law the entire male population of the country upon reaching 20 years was subject to conscription into the army with a service life of 6 years.

At the beginning of the 20th century, reforms began to be carried out in the Russian army. In 1908, the Infantry Combat Regulations were issued. In 1912, the Field Service Charter and the Manual for Field Artillery Operations in Battle were introduced.

Russia entered the First World War in August 1914 with the largest army in the world - 1.4 million people. But in the military-industrial respect, the country was clearly insufficiently prepared for war. There were victories and failures.

So, after the heavy defeat of the troops of the North-Western Front in East Prussia(August 1914) managed to achieve a major success on the Southwestern Front in the Battle of Galicia with the Austro-Hungarians. Troops won a number of victories Caucasian front in the winter and spring of 1916, but the summer offensive of 1916 on the Southwestern Front under the command of General A. Brusilov (Brusilov breakthrough) turned out to be especially successful.

Attack

German infantry

Russian soldier

1 world war

The course of the war in 1915-16

• In 1916 Germany struck again at France. The main events unfolded at Verdun. This battle lasted six months. France turned to Russia for help and, by decision of the General Staff, General Brusilov launched an offensive on the Southwestern Front.
• As a result of the “Brusilov breakthrough, the Russian army advanced 340 km, and the Germans had to save the allies by removing a number of units from near Verdun. But Brusilov's success was not supported on other fronts and he retreated.

Brusilov breakthrough

Output

In the 70s of the nineteenth century. The government of Alexander II is carrying out a reorganization of the army ("Milyutin reforms"), the main content of which was, thanks to the abolition of serfdom in 1861, the transition from recruitment to all-class, universal military service, which made it possible to create a massive, national army... All men who turned 20 years old were subject to the call. The army was re-equipped, weapons systems were replaced.

5. Creation of the Soviet Armed Forces, their structure and purpose.

After the October Revolution of 1917 Russia withdrew from the war. The old Russian army ceased to exist, and the Bolsheviks faced the task of building new army... On January 15 (28), 1918, a decree was signed on the organization of the Red Army.

As a starting point for the construction of the armed forces of the Soviet Republic, Red Guard units were taken. The main emphasis in the formation of units and formations was placed on volunteers and compulsory military training for all workers (Universal Education). And only since July 1918. compulsory conscription began. In the spring of 1919, the size of the Red Army reached 1.4 million people, by the end of the civil war - 5.5 million.

However, the country's war-torn economy did not allow such an army to be maintained. Therefore, in 1920, demobilization began, and by 1924 the armed forces were reduced to 562 thousand people.

After finishing Civil War and the creation of the USSR in September 1925, the first union law on the conscription of citizens of the Soviet Union was adopted. He established the personnel and militia foundations of military development in the country and determined the organizational structure of the Armed Forces for peacetime.

On the eve of the Second World War (09/01/1939), a new Union Law "On General Military Duty" was adopted, which removed the previously existing class restrictions in military service and consolidated the personnel principle of the construction of the USSR Armed Forces. The universal military duty became the law military service in the ranks of the Armed Forces was an honorable duty, and the defense of the Fatherland was declared a sacred duty of every citizen of the country.

Militarists of all stripes have repeatedly tested the strength of the Red Army. So , v 1938 at Far East the Japanese military staged a provocation in the area of ​​Lake Khasan, in 1939 - on the Khalkhin-Gol River (in Mongolia). The aggressors were defeated. Brilliant operations to destroy them were carried out on Khasan by corps commander G. Stern, on Khalkhin Gol - corps commander G. Zhukov.

The Great Patriotic War, which began on June 22, 1941, was a severe test for our people and its Armed Forces. It was the largest armed conflict in the history of mankind.

The course of the war is well known. It lasted 1418 days and nights and ended in complete Victory over German fascism and its satellites.

The historical truth is that the main role in achieving Victory over Nazi Germany belongs to our country and the Soviet Armed Forces. For almost four years of the war, they defeated 607 divisions of the fascist bloc, inflicting on the enemy two-thirds of all his losses in personnel.

After the war, the improvement and strengthening of the Armed Forces continued in accordance with the forecast of the international situation and the policy pursued by the Soviet government. In the mid 50s. began a radical transformation of the Soviet Armed Forces, equipping them with nuclear missiles and other newest types of weapons and military equipment.

In 1960, a new type of the Armed Forces of the USSR was created - the Strategic Rocket Forces.

The Armed Forces of the USSR included the following types: Strategic Missile Forces (Strategic Rocket Forces), Ground Forces (SV), Air Defense Forces (Air Defense), Air Force (Air Force), Navy (Navy). The Armed Forces included the Logistics of the Armed Forces, headquarters and civil defense forces.

The supreme leadership of the country's defense and the Armed Forces of the USSR was carried out by the Central Committee of the CPSU and the highest bodies of state power (the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the Council of Ministers of the USSR).

OUTPUT

After liquidation Russian Empire and the collapse of her army as a result October revolution 1917 The Soviet government appealed to the people with an appeal to voluntarily join the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA) of the RSFSR. And although the voluntary principle of manning the Red Army existed only from February to summer 1918, it ensured the formation of the Armed Forces of Soviet Russia.

On May 28, 1918, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee adopted a decree on compulsory military service for all citizens of Soviet Russia.

After the Civil War and the creation of the USSR, in September 1925, the first union law on the conscription of citizens of the Soviet Union was adopted.

On September 1, 1939, a new union law "On General Military Duty" was adopted. Universal military service has become a law, military service has become an honorable duty, and the defense of the Fatherland is the sacred duty of every citizen of the country.

6. Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the main prerequisites for military reform.

Based on the interests of the Russian Federation, in the name of its security and the preservation of its defense capability, a decree was signed on the creation of the Russian Armed Forces.

Of course, it is hardly correct to calculate the whole history. Russian army only since 1992 After all, the army new Russia relies on the experience of both the revolutionary Russian army and the Soviet army.

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 07.05.1992 N 466 "On the creation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation"

Output

The structure of the state, the political system, the policy of the government are changing, but the task of protecting the Fatherland always remains paramount, therefore the Armed Forces must always correspond to their mission - to protect the country from external aggression.

CONTROL QUESTIONS

• How was the organization of the armed forces of the Moscow state built in the 15th - 17th centuries?
• What are the most famous military reforms carried out in Russia?
• What was the military reform of Ivan the Terrible?
• For what purpose was the reform carried out under Peter 1?
• What are the reasons for the military reforms in Russia in the second half of the 19th century?
• Prepare a message on one of the topics: "The military reforms of Peter 1, the creation of a regular army and its features", "Military reforms in Russia after the defeat in the Crimean War (1853-1856)", "The creation of the Soviet armed forces, their structure."

Slide 1

The history of the creation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Slide 2

Throughout the history of the Russian state, the Russian people constantly had to wage an armed struggle, defending their lands from foreign invaders. In the history of the country in the period from XIV to XVII centuries. there is almost no time when all the borders of the state would be peaceful and there would be no need to repulse the enemy.

Russia XIV - XVII centuries.

Slide 3

Militia

Moscow state in the 16th century could have an army of 150-200 thousand soldiers. The combat units were joined by auxiliary detachments - the militia (townspeople and peasants). The basis of the armed forces of the Moscow state during this period was made up of noble formations. Throughout their lives, the nobles were obliged to carry out military service, they were all considered service people from generation to generation, from grandfather to father, from father to son.

Noble formations

Slide 4

Ivan the Terrible

A considerable part of the armed forces of the Moscow state were servants for hire, who did not receive estates, but a monetary salary. Among them, the most numerous were archers - infantry armed with pishchal and battle axes (berdysh). The first permanent units of the archers were formed under Ivan the Terrible (around 1550).

Sagittarius

Slide 5

Reitarsky regiment

In the second half of the 15th - early 17th century. the Russian army improved its organizational structure, it began to be divided into regiments. The role of the Ministry of Defense in the Moscow state was played by the Discharge Order. In the period 1632-1634. in the Muscovite state, regiments of a new system appeared. A Reitar regiment of up to 2 thousand was formed from the Russian people (Reitars are a type of heavy cavalry.)

Discharge order

Slide 6

Government Senate. Military collegium

The regular Russian army was created under Peter I in the period from 1701 to 1711 (the impetus for the acceleration of its creation was the defeat at Narva). New system recruitment of troops - the principle of recruitment. The Government Senate and the Military Collegium subordinate to it (the prototype of the Ministry of Defense) began to be in charge of affairs concerning the army. The creation of a regular army and the organization of its combat training increased the combat power of the Russian army. All this determined the victory of Russia in Northern war (1700-1721).

Slide 7

Catherine II

The reign of Catherine II. - The Military Collegium ceased to depend on the Senate and gradually turned into a War Office. The talented commander of Catherine's times, Peter Alexandrovich Rumyantsev.

P.A. Rumyantsev

Slide 8

Mosin rifle

Minister of War Dmitry Alekseevich Milyutin. 1874 - the new Charter on military service was approved. In 1891, the infantry adopted a 7.62 mm Mosin rifled five-shot rifle. The artillery began to receive steel guns with a rifled barrel, which had a long firing range.

D.A. Milyutin

Slide 9

Red Guard

After the defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, the government of Nicholas II took measures to revive the combat capability of the Russian armed forces. In the first months of Soviet power, the Red Guard was its armed support. On January 15, 1918, a decree was adopted on the creation of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA), and on January 29, 1918, on the organization. The day of February 23 began to be celebrated as the Day of the Soviet Army and the Navy, and since 1992 as the Day of the Defenders of the Fatherland.

Slide 10

The Second World War. Navy.

The second world war was approaching. In these conditions, the Soviet government took measures to strengthen the country's defense capability. In 1937, the Navy (Navy) was separated from the Red Army. The navy at this time included: the Baltic, Northern, Black Sea and Pacific fleets, the Caspian, Amur, Danube and Pinsk military flotillas. The country and its armed forces were preparing for war.

Slide 11

Strategic Rocket Forces

A radical transformation of the Soviet Armed Forces, equipping them with nuclear missiles and other newest types of weapons and military equipment. In 1960, a new type of the Armed Forces of the USSR, the Strategic Rocket Forces, was created. The Armed Forces of the USSR included types; Strategic Missile Forces (Strategic Rocket Forces), Ground Forces (SV), Air Defense Forces (Air Defense), Air Force (Air Force), Navy (Navy). The Armed Forces included the Rear Services of the Armed Forces, headquarters and the Civil Defense Forces.

Slide 12

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation became the main legal successor of the Armed Forces of the USSR, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were created. The structure of the state, the political system, the policy of the government are changing, but the task of protecting the Fatherland always remains paramount, therefore the Armed Forces must always meet their mission - to protect the country from external aggression.

Slide 13

§ 5.1 p. 80 Questions after the paragraph.

Homework Thanks for the lesson!