Re-posing the genre in Ode Felitsa. Mastery of Gabriel Derzhavin in creating the image of Catherine II in Ode Felitsa. Art features of OD "Felitsa"

One of the main poems of G. R. Derzhavin is his ode "Felitsa". It is written in the form of "some Murza" to Kyrgyz-Kaisatskaya Tsarevna Felice. Oda for the first time forced contemporaries to talk about Derzhadina as a significant poet. For the first time, the work saw the light in 1789. In this poem, the reader has the ability to observe and praise, and the censure at the same time.

main character

In the analysis of OD Felitsa, it is certainly necessary to indicate that it was devoted to Empress Catherine II. The work is written by a four-stranded yamb. The image of the government in the work is sufficiently conditional and traditional, in his spirit resembles a portrait in the style of classicism. But noticeable is that Derzhanin wants to see in Empress not just a government, but also a living person:

"... and food is the simplest

It happens behind your table ... ".

Novelty works

In his work, Derzhavin depicts a virtuous Felitsa in opposition to the lazy and rampable nobles. Also in the analysis of OD Felitsa, it is worth noting that the poem itself is impregnated with novelty. After all, the image of the main acting person is somewhat different compared, for example, with the works of Lomonosov. Mikhail Vasilyevich The image of Elizabeth is somewhat generalized. Derzhavin also points out to the government's specific affairs. He also speaks of its patronage of trade, industry: "Melting to love trading, sciences."

Before the sideline is written, the image of the empress was built in poetry in its strict laws. For example, Lomonosov portrayed the government as a terrestrial deity, which stepped from the distant heavens to the ground, the storehouse of endless wisdom and limitless grace. But Derzhavin dares to move away from this tradition. It shows the multifaceted and full image of the government - a statesman and an outstanding personality.

Entertainment Rooms, Binded Dervic

Conding an analysis of ODD "Felitsa" it is worth noting that Derzhavin condemns the taciousness and other defects of court wine in a satirical style. He speaks about the hunt, and about the cargo game, and about the trips for new-fashioned clothes to the tailor. Gavril Romanovich allows himself in his work to break the purity of the genre. After all, the Empress is not only praised in Odea, but also blame the vices of her careless subordinates.

Personal beginning in Ode

As well as in the analysis of OD "Felitsa", the student can also note the fact that Derzhavin contributed to the work and personal beginning. After all, the image of Murza is present in Ode, which is frank, then Lukav. In the form of nobles, contemporaries could easily find those close Catherine, which was discussed. Also, Derzhavin emphasizes meaningfully: "That is, Felitsa, depraved! But all the light is like me. " Automicine is rare enough in the sides. And the description of the art "I" of Derzhavin is very significant.

Who is opposed to Felitsa?

A lot of new facts of the student can discover in the process of analyzing OD Felitsa. The poem was in many ways ahead of his time. Also, the description of Lazy Velmazby anticipated and the image of one of the main characters in the work of Pushkin - Eugene Onegin. For example, the reader can see that after the late awakening, the court lazily places smoking the tube and dreams of glory. Its day consists only of peers and love merits, hunting and racing. Welject will spend the evening, walking on the boats on the Neva, and in the warm house it is, as always, family joy and peace reading await.

In addition to Lazy Murza, Catherine is also opposed to its late spouse - Peter III, which can also be indicated in the analysis of OD Felitsa. Briefly, this moment can be lit like this: unlike her husband, she first thought about the welfare of the country. Despite the fact that the Empress was a German, she writes all its decrees and works in Russian. Catherine also showedly walked in Russian Saranfan. With his attitude, she was very different from the spouse, who experienced only contempt for the whole domestic.

Character of Empress

In its work, Derzhavin does not give portrait descriptions of the empress. However, this drawback is compensated by the impression that the government produces to its surroundings. The poet seeks to emphasize its most important qualities. If you need to make an analysis of ODD "Felitsa" briefly, you can describe these features like this: it is unpretentious, simple, democratic, as well as friend.

Images in Ode

It should be noted that the image of Tsarevich chlorine also passes through all the poem. This character is taken from the "Tale of Tsarevich Chlorine", which was written by the Empress itself. Oda begins with the recovery of this fairy tale, there are such images as Felica, Lazy, Murza, Chlorine, Rose without spikes. And the work is completed, as expected, praise noble and gracious government. Just as it happens in the mythical works, images in ODe are conditional, allegorical. But Gavrille Romanovich is given in a completely new manner. The poet draws an empress not just a goddess, but also the one who is not alien to human lives.

Analysis of OTD "Felitsa" according to plan

The student's plan can use approximately such:

The author and name of OD.
The history of the creation, who is devoted to the work.
Composition of OD.
Vocabulary.
Features of the main character.
My attitude to ODE.

Who ridiculed by the author of ODA?

Those who need to make a detailed analysis of OTD "Felitsa" can describe those venels whom the Derzhavin ridiculous in its work. For example, this is Grigory Potemkin, which despite his generosity was characteristic of capriciousness, whimsality. Also, the favorites of the government of Alexey and Grigory Orlov, the walks and lovers of horse racing are ridiculed.

Count Orlov was the winner of the fist fighting, the ladies, a gambling hunter, as well as a killer Peter III and his wife's favorite. So he remained in the memory of contemporaries, and was described in the work of Derzhavin:

"... or, about all things care

Leaving, I go hunting

And I am amusing the lament of pieces ... "

It is possible to mention about the seeds of Naryshkin, who was an Blacksman at the courtyard of Catherine and was distinguished by his exorbitant love for music. And also Gabril Romanovich puts in this row and himself. He did not deny his involvement in this circle, on the contrary, emphasized that he also belongs to the circle of favorites.

Image of nature

Also, Derzhavin chances and beautiful natural landscapes, with whom the image of the enlightened monarchy is harmonized. The landscapes described by them are largely similar to the scene with tapestries, adorning the living rooms of the St. Petersburg nobility. Derzhavin, who was also fond of drawing, no accident called the poetry of the "talking painting." In his own, Derzhavin speaks of a "high mountain" and about Rose without Shipov. These images help to make the Felitsa image even more majestic.

History of Russian literature XVIII century Lebedeva O. B.

Odo-satirical peacewood in the solemn Oda "Felitsa"

Formally, Derzhavin in Felice is strictly observes the canon of Lomonosov's solemn OD: four-stranded yamm, a ten-sided stanza with the rhymes of Abababvgyddg. But this strict form of solemn ODA in this case is the necessary sphere of contrast, against the background of which the absolute novelty of the meaningful and style plans is more clearly appearing. Derzhavin turned to Catherine II not directly, but indirectly through her literary personality, taking advantage of the story of the fairy tale, which Catherine wrote for his little grandson Alexander. Characters Allegorical "Fairy Tale about Tsarevich Chlorore" - the daughter of Kyrgyz-Kaisatsky Khan Felitsa (from Latin Felix - happy) and young Tsarevich Chlorine is engaged in searching for roses without spikes (allegory of virtue), which they are acquired, after many obstacles and overcoming temptations, on top of high Mountains symbolizing spiritual self-improvement.

This indirect appeal to the Empress through its artistic text gave the opportunity to avoid the protocol, elevated tone of appeal to the highest person. Changing the plot of the fairy tales of Catherine and a slightly aggravated Eastern flavor, peculiar to this plot, Derzhavin wrote his ODA on behalf of "Some Tatar Murza", beating a tradition about the origin of a kind of Tatar Murza Bagrim. In the first publication, the Oda Felitsa was called this: "Oda to the wisdom of Kyrgyz-Kaisatskaya Tsarevna Felitsa, written by some Tatar Murzo, has long been settled in Moscow, and his living in St. Petersburg. Translated from Arabic. "

Already in the name of the AD personality of the author, no less attention is paid than the identity of the addressee. And in the text of ODD, two plans are distinctly drawn: the author's plan and a plan of the hero, associated between satellite the story of the search for "Roses without Shipov" - the virtues, which Derzhavin learned from the "Tale of Tsarevich Chlorine". "Weak", "Depraved", "slave," of Murza, on behalf of which the ODA is written, turns to the virtuous "god-like princess" with a request for help in search of "roses without spikes" - and this naturally sets two intonations in the text: apology The address of Felitsa and the blasting to Murza. Thus, the solemn Ode of Derzhavin combines the ethical installations of senior genres - satires and ODDs, once absolutely contrasting and isolated, and in the "Felice" combined into a single picture of the world. In itself, this compound literally explodes from the inside the canons of the established oratorical genre of the ODD and classic ideas about the genre hierarchy of poetry and the purity of the genre. But those surgery that Derzhavin do with the aesthetic installations of satire and odes, even more bold and radical.

Naturally, it would be expected that an apologetic image of the virtue and the implanted image of the vice, combined in a single ODO-satirical genre, will be consistently withstand in traditionally characteristic of the typology of artistic imagery: the abstract-conceptual embodiment of virtue would have to resist the household image of the vice. However, this does not occur in Felice, and both images from the point of view of aesthetic are the same synthesis of ideologizing and life-bearing motifs. But if the household image of vice could in principle be subject to some ideological in its generalized, conceptual production, the domestic image of virtue, and even crowded, Russian literature to Derzhavin did not fully admit. In Ode "Felitsa" of contemporaries, accustomed to the abstract-concept designs of the most ideal monarch, shocked at the household concreteness and the accuracy of the appearance of Catherine II in its everyday classes and habits, listed which Derzhavin successfully used the routine of the day routing, ascending to Satire II Kantemir "Filaret and "Eugene":

Murzham yours is not imitating,

You walk the hour on foot,

And food is the simplest

Happens for your table;

Not worthwhile

You read, write before Nalo

And all of your pen

Bliss mortals shed:

Like the cards do not play

Like me, from morning to morning (41).

And in the same way as the life picture is not fully endured in one typology of artistic imagery ("Bliss of mortals", inclined in a number of specific household details, although the Derzhavin is also accurate here, meaning the famous legislative act of Catherine: "Commission's" commission The work of the project of new deposits "), the ideological image of virtue also turns out to be resolved with a specific metaphor:

You only decently.

Tsarevna! Light from darkness to create;

Making chaos on the spheres is slightly

The alliance the intend to secure them;

From disagreement - concentrate

And from the passions of ferocious happiness

You can only create.

So the driver, through PonT floating,

Catching under the sail wind roaring,

Able to manage (43).

In this stanza, there is not a single verbal topic that genetically spoiled the poetics of the solemn OD Lomonosov: light and darkness, chaos and slender spheres, the union and the integrity, passion and happiness, Pont and swimming are all this familiar reader XVIII century. A set of abstract concepts forming the ideological image of the wise power in a solemn way. But here "the feeder, through PonT floating," skillfully managed the ship, with all the allegorical sense of this image, the symbol of state wisdom, is incomparably more plastic and concrete, than "as in Pontech capable wind" or "ifies the feed between water subsoil "in ODE Lomonosov 1747

Individualized and concrete personal form of virtue is opposed to the "Felitsa" a generalized collective image of vice, but opposes only ethically: as aesthetic essence, the image of the vice is absolutely identical to the image of virtue, since it is the same synthesis of the same and satirical image typology deployed in the same Scene reversal of the routine of the day:

And I spent up to noon

I smoke tobacco and coffee drink;

Transforming on the holiday of weekdays,

Moom in chimers thought my:

I kidnapi from Persians

Then I draw arrows to the Turks;

Then compensating that I am Sultan,

Universe frightening;

That suddenly, caught the outfit,

I will jump to the tail in caftan (41).

That is Felitsa, I will debauchered!

But on me all the light is similar.

Who is how much wisdom nor

But every person has a lie.

Do not go light, we are ways,

Bad depravity for dreams,

Between lazy and griege,

Between vanity and vice

Found anyone unnarocked

The path of virtues are straight (43).

The only thing that the aesthetic difference in the images of Felitsa Virtue and Murza-Felkok is their correlation with the specific personalities of the Derzhavinsky contemporaries. In this sense, Felitsa-Catherine is, according to the author's intention, an accurate portrait, and Murza - the mask of the author of ODY, a lyrical subject of the text - collective, but concrete to such a way that so far, its concrete introduces researchers of the creativity of Derzhavin in the temptation to see This mask is similar to the person of the poet, although the Derzhavin himself left the unequivocal and accurate indications that the prototypes for this collective image of the Welmborno-Rodanztor were held Potemkin, A. Orlov, P. I. Panin, S. K. Naryshkin with their characteristic properties and household preferences - "whimsical moral", "hunting to horse racing", "exercises in the dresses", passion to "every young Russian" (caming battle, dog hunting, horny music). Creating the image of Murza, Derzhavin meant and "generally the vintage customs and fun Russians" (308).

It seems that in the interpretation of the lyrical subject of OD "Felitsa" - the image of the vicious "Murza" - the closest to the truth of I. Z. SERMAN, who saw in his speech from the first person "the same meaning and the same meaning", what "speech from the first Persons in Satyric Journalism of the Epoch - in the "Trutne" or "Painter" of Novikov. And Derzhavin, and Novikov apply the assumption, usual for the literature of education, forcing their exposure and character-raised characters themselves to talk about themselves with all possible frankness. "

And here it is impossible not to notice two things: firstly, the reception of the self-disconcing characteristic of the vice in his direct speech genetically dates back to the genre model of Satiera Kantemir, and secondly, that by creating his collective image of Murza as a lyrical entity ODD "Felitsa" and forcing him to say "for the whole world, for the entire noble society," Derzhavin, in essence, took advantage of the Lomonosov's uniform admission of the design image of the author. In a solemnly Lomonosov, a personal copyright pronoun "I" was no more than a form of expression of general opinion, and the image of the author was functionally functional, because it was able to embody the voice of the nation as a whole - that is, was gathered.

Thus, in Felice, the Oda and Satira delayed with its ethical genre-forming installations and aesthetic signs of artistic picture typology, merge into one genre, which, strictly speaking, can no longer be called a satire or one. And the fact that Felitsa Derzhavin continues to be traditionally referred to as "Oda", should be attributed to the score of the same topic associations. In general, this is a lyric poem, finally broken down with the spectacular nature of high solemn ODD and only partially elected by some methods of satirical peacekeeping.

Perhaps, it is precisely this - the formation of a synthetic poetic genre related to the field of pure lyrics - should be recognized as the main outcome of the creativity of Derzhavin 1779-1783. And in the aggregate of its poetic texts of this period, the process of restructuring Russian is obviously detected. lyrical poetry In line with the same patterns that we already had the case to observe in journalistic prose, fiction, poetic epic and comediography of the 1760-1780s. With the exception of dramaturgy - fundamentally disavortor in the external forms of expressions of the kind of verbal creativity - in all these industries of the Russian elegant literature, the result of the crossing of high and low miliods was the activation of the forms of the expression of the copyright, personal beginning. And Derzhavinskaya poetry was not the exception in this sense. It is the forms of expression of a personal copyright, through the category of the lyrical character and the poet as a figurative unity that fans the entire set of individual poetic texts into a single aesthetic whole, is the factor that determines the fundamental innovation of the Derzhadina poet regarding the national poetic tradition preceding it.

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Valentin Kruglov, student 7 "a" class 288 schools of the Admiralty district of St. Petersburg

In the report of the student of 7 "A" Class V. Kruglov "literary portraits in Oda G. Derzhavin" Felitsa "" is presented interesting and meaningful material concerning famous historical figures times of Catherine time. This is the imperiate of Ekaterina Great imperiate, and the most educated Woman of the XVII century Princess Ekaterina Dashkova, and the bright prince Grigory Potemkin, and the Russian diplomat Nikolai Panin, and Prince Gregory Orlov, and the famous balagen and merry lion of Naryshkin. Literature His prototypes and written by a brilliant poet of the second half of the XVIII century with warm irony, satirical liberty and inimitable charming. From the domestic traits of the privacy of famous people to their great cases - this is the range that contains the context of the Derzhavinskaya OD, considered by the Rapporteur. The report was presented at the school conference in the framework of the student scientific society "Start of the way. The road is aswaling," which took place in the 288 school of St. Petersburg on December 15, 2016

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Report to the conference "Nice Persons of Russia: People and Cases" Valentina Kruglov,

Graduate 7 "A" class of GBOS No. 288 of the Admiralty District of St. Petersburg.

Scientific leader: Evdokimov O.V., Teacher of the Russian language and literature GBOU School 288 Admiraltesky district of St. Petersburg.

The topic of the report "Literary portraits in Oda G. Derzhavina "Felitsa".

Ode "Felitsa", written by Gabriel Romanovich Derzhavin in 1782, made the name of the poet famous in St. Petersburg, and, it means, in Russia, and became a sample of a new style in Russian poetry. Derzhavinskaya Oda glorified the Empress Catherine the second and with the famous fraction of satire characterized her closest environment.

It should be noted that writing like poems in which the favorites of the Empress are satirically depicted, it was not safe, but Derzhavin on his own fear and risk did it. Now, after time, we can say that the literary portraits of the Empress associates left under the feather of Gabriel Romanovich.

These literary portraits of nice, famous people Russia is the second half of the XVIII century, created by the talent of Derzhavin, caused the genuine interest of contemporaries. After all, literary heroes were guessed by readers, Favorites Catherine were recognized, and this was also surprising, and even delight in the reading public.

For the first time in Russian literature, the last quarter of the 18th century could be observed as the influential people from the environment of the Russian queen acquired a poetic appearance, similar to the original, and became recognizable literary personalities.

Not only Ekaterina Great, but also its closest all-powerful Velmes, who knew and respected Russia, knew and feared political Europe, thanks to the Derzhavinskaya Oda, they were suddenly such accessible people that each reader could easily notice the features of human weaknesses and merits, fun habits, image Life to which these characters were endowed. But that for the literature of that time was really striking, so this is the fact that the author of the ODA entered into its fabric the image of a storyteller, that is, he himself, and was also a valid literary person on a par with powerful heroes. All this was new, unheardly and caused admiration. Poems were abolished by sound, sometimes good-naturedly ironic, and sometimes artistically elegant.

The Ode "Felitsa" received its name on behalf of the heroine "Tales about Tsarevich Chlorine", which the Empress herself wrote, Catherine the second.

It must be said that the Russian queen had a literary gift. She is the first woman in Russia, which quite professionally composed libretto, fables, fairy tales, wrote them for their royal grandson, the future emperor Alexander the first, blessed - with such a title, the king will enter Russian history. Ekaterina translated into Russian the play of the English playwright of William Shakespeare, ahead of his contemporaries to the English playwright for almost a hundred years. Moreover, the empress loved the theater, often attended him. She always watched talented and talented comedies and tragedies with great pleasure. Moreover, herself wrote the plays, which were put on the stage of the court theater in the Winter Palace. So, only in 1771, Catherine wrote 5 comedies. In 1772, these plays were intended by actors and played on the stage of the court theater. The artistic level of the plays, written by Catherine Great, rather high for its time. The plays have been successful and liked the public. The name of the author of the plays, of course, did not advertise, although in the court circles everyone knew their writer well. The plays have an outlawful, moral nature, written in the spirit of classicism, ridicule gossip and flavors of society. The names of the Pieces written by the queen, nominal, sometimes intriguing:"Nameny Mrs. Vorchekina", "the front noble boyar", "Mrs. Vestnikov with a family", "Bride of the Invisible".Perhaps the most famous play, published from the feather of the queen, is "Oh, time." It was at her who began to attack the editor of the magazine "Painter" Nikolai Ivanovich Novikov, the enlightener of the second half of the XVIII, editor of St. Petersburg Satyrian journals, who served the translator in the collegium of foreign affairs. In 1769, Catherine was inexplicitably allowed to publish magazines to everyone (how much, several years later, obviously contributes to their closure). The magazines "Drone", "all sorts of love," "Pleaspel", "Painter", "Wallet". Some magazines are published by great circulation. In the "Trutne" and "painter" unfolds Novikov's dispute with the empress. Novikov publishes the written opinions of Catherine Critical nature.

Moreover, Catherine made the initiator, organizer and author of the libretto of a pompous national-patriotic project - "Historical Deal." This is a play "Primary Oleg Management". For the play, the queen attracted the best composers, singers and choreographers. The premiere of the play took place in St. Petersburg on November 2, 1790. All St. Petersburg performances on the works of Catherine were furnished extremely rich. Operas "Febay" and "Gorishhhortyar", for which the Empress wrote a libretto, as well as the Orata "Primary Management" were published in a key and score (which at the time in Russia - an extraordinary rarity).

In a word, the Russian government was sacrificed in the literature, placed her notes in the public journal Novikova, quite safely composed herself and loved reading fiction different languages.

Obviously, so, after reading the "Felitsa" dedicated to her, Catherine was shot to tears and became interested in the authorwork . She called on her girlfriend, Catherine Dashkov, a woman perfectly educated, intelligent and faithful Queen, who printed this Derzhavinskaya ODU in the journal. Her Majesty told Dashkova: "Do not be afraid, I only ask you about who I knew me so close, who knew how to describe so much, what do you see, what am I here as a fool crying?" Princess Dashkova revealed the name of the poet. Catherine The second was grateful to the poet. It was important for her that her poetic image in Ode is good, simple and charming. After some time, Derzhavin received a generous remuneration by mail: 500 gold chervones and a cigarette carp with diamonds. In addition, the author "Felitsa" had the honor to be represented by the Empress itself, which also treated him by making himself to hold his secretary.

It should be said that the Ode Felitsa retreats from the rules of classicism. Derzhanin innovative mixes different genres, painted satirical images that were not characteristic of the genre of OD. The poet in his work draws the first realistic portraits of its contemporaries and creates, in fact, the ideal image of the Russian Empress, describing its special behavior and habits that their contemporaries did not differ:

“ Murzham yours is not imitating,
You walk the hour on foot,
And food is the simplest
Happens for your table;
Not worthwhile
You read, write before Nalo
And all of your pen
Bliss mortals scroll”.

In fact, the Russian queen could be seen walking near the Winter Palace. There have been cases when she slowly took place through the Palace Square or the surrounding streets with the Palace of the streets. Next to the empress there was no one - neither the protection, nor Freinin, nor any traveler who accompanied her Imperial Majesty. Everything was simple, mobility, unexplored, as it happens in an inconspicuous person who lives his personal, private life. So Catherine came when she had a headache, and she came out of the palace to make her fresh air. Meeting and learned by the imperial majesty of the subjects stopped. The ladies squatted, the holders bowed and filmed hats.The row of ODA "Powder you walk" reflects the realistic situation.Without a doubt, Derzhavin knew this habit of lonely walks of the empress.

Derzhavinsky lines "and food is the simplest // happens for your table" - as true. The fact is that on benchmarks of Catherine the Great felt very modestly. At the table, she had only 4-5 people during lunch at such days, with whom the queen discussed various state affairs, political news, had simple human communication. On the table stood 5-6 dishes, sometimes not very well prepared. Its old, but the faithful cook other times could not keep track of the porridge, and she burned out. Catherine suffered this for a long time, and before his guests apologized for his oversight. Sour soup, porridge, cucumbers, sauerkraut, mushrooms, bread ... This is on benchmarks. But in ordinary, the near-time days the table of the Empress was rich. On the table there were dishes: andnetworks with Shio, Terine with wings and mashed potatoes Green, ducks with juice, marinade from chickens, perch with ham, pulleys with corrugals, ripples in Spanish, turtles, chims with olives, Gato compi, twelve salads, seven sauces, loaf tartrels.But the menu "Small" dinner of the Empress: soup; Boiled chicken with cauliflower; meat with potatoes; A quarter of roasted lamb, duck and becasy (on one dish). In addition, on the table, it was necessarily a rugged beef, cutlets, sausages, lobs, as well as various samples of stewed and fried mushrooms and vegetables. Paving dinner with an emperator with curranic vodka. Dessert served oranges, apples, peaches, cherries, puff pastries and biscuits.

However, Derzhavin, holding trustiness, decided to describe the lunch of Catherine in the simplest, modest paints:"And the food is simple // happens for your table." This was also liked in the Russian self-dealer.

"You read, write before Nalo // and all from your pen // Bliss of mortal shed"," Here the poet, of course, spoke not only about the literary classes of Catherine, but also about its extensive lawmaking activities. After all, she belonged to a small number of monarchs, which intensively and directly communicated with their subjects by drawing up manifestos, instructions, laws, polemical articles and pedagogical covers. In his memoirs, Catherine was recognized: "I can't see a pure pen without taking the desire to immediately dip it in the ink."

In addition to the image of the Empress in the Derzhavinskaya ODE "Felitsa" there are literary portraits of her favorites. By itself, this idea to describe the rulers, the commander, no one was not new, but behind the images of the nobles drawn in Ode, the features of real people were clearly talked. And in this Derzhavin was an innovator.

For example, Prince Gregory Alexandrovich Potemkin, the favorite of the Empress, is mentioned in ODO.He fought a lot and successfully. However, he loved the time to spend days in feasts and fun, which Lovely loved. Potemkin, this outstanding associate of Catherine is great, was not only a person responsible, gratifying, executive and hardworking, but, at the same time, he could demonstrate the opposite qualities of a person who was spoiled by the authorities and luxury. So, it is known that Grigory Aleksandrovich Potemkin could not adhere to a clear schedule necessary for the statesman, but in effect, sometimes, for his percentage and fades, which was noticed and what he wrote in his Ode "Felitsa". Speaking from the first person, Derzhavin speaks from the face of Potemkin. That is, in Ode, as if Potemkin himself tells about himself, about his life and the hotel:

And I spent up to noon

I smoke tobacco and coffee drink;

Transforming on the holiday of weekdays,

Moom in chimers thought my:

I kidnapi from Persians

Then I draw arrows to the Turks;

Then compensating that I am Sultan,

Universe frightening;

Then suddenly, close to the outfit,

Jump to the tail in the caftan.

Or in the feast I am expensive

Where the holiday is given to me,

Where the table is shining with Srebra and Gratte,

Where are thousands of different dishes:

IN derzhavinskaya ODE is mentioned another famous Ekaterininskoy Welject - Nikita Ivanovich Panin. Panin wasmentor of the heir of the throne, Paul first.The French diplomat lavo, hardly had good relations to Panin, because quite evil described the daily routine of the royal minister. This is the record of the French diplomat, rather resembling Paskvil: "He loved the food, women and the game very much; From constant food and sleep, his body represented one mass of fat. He got up at noon; His approximate told him funny things to the hour; Then he drank chocolate and was taken for the toilet, which lasted up to three hours. About half the fourth fed dinner, tightened to five hours. At six, the minister went to relax and slept up to eight. His lacques Stoil large Labor Wake it up, raise and force to stay on the legs. At the end of the second toilet, the game ended around eleven. The game followed dinner, and after dinner, the game began again. For about three o'clock in the night, the minister went to himself and worked with Bakuuni, the chief official of his department. Sleep he went to bed at five o'clock in the morning. "

Nikita Ivanovich was a great fan of the hunt, because of which, it happened, forgot about state affairs. The author of ODA satirically depicts these features of Panin's service in their own:

"Or about all matters
Leaving, I go hunting
And I am amusing the lament of pieces. "

It is difficult to say whether a satirical image of himself liked the Panin itself, but the audience, reading ODU "Felitsa," found a literary portrait of Panin too alive and believable.

Alexey Grigorievich Orlov, the associate of Catherine. It was endowed with great physical strength and loved different fun requiring agility, for example, fist, battles, dances, jumps and hunting one on one with a bear, but for Venels, it was too unworthy and rude fun. The image of Alexey is noticeable in these lines:

"Or music and singers,

Organ and hack suddenly

Or fist fighters

And the danger having fun of my spirit. "

Lion Aleksandrovich Naryshkin, was a secondary brother of Emperor Peter the First Great, but he took only the post of senior chief of stables. He is famous for the court joker and a slacker. Naryshkin was distinguished by extraordinary hospitality and love to arrange noisy balls, mascaras and picnics. One of the mascaras, this Naryshkin for Catherine II in 1772, cost him 300,000 rubles. Ithe adored to ride the Neva at night, accompanied by a whole orchestra of musicians with horny instruments, because of what the silence and rest in the capital could only dream of ordinary people. It can be noticed in these lines:

"Or over Nevsk Brechants
I am swept at night by horns
And rowing rowes. "

Catherine sent separate specimens of ODD to each of the lobulents of there, emphasizing those lines that treated them. Many of these Velmazbi participated in the palace coup of 1762 on the side of Catherine. Almost all of these veelmes made a lot for the state, at least in Oda, their Derzhavin showed Satirically and with a large fraction of irony. For example:

Gregory Alexandrovich Potemkin was Russian state Worker, creator of the Black Sea Military Fleet in the Crimea (thanks to Russian empire Extremely strengthened its influence on the Black Sea and received an exit to the Mediterranean Sea). After the victory over Turkey, his efforts Crimea was attached to Russia. Grigory Potemkin became the first compliant top-rank black Sea Fleet And on the command of Catherine, the Great was also the builder of cities in the south of Russia, for example, Ekaterinoslavl, Kherson, Sevastopol, Nikolaev. Potemkin became the first owner of the Tauride Palace in St. Petersburg. He was the actual ruler of the Moldovan Principality from 1790 to 1791.Potemkin also introduced reform military formthat before that was very uncomfortable and was mainly for military examinations, did not have a summer type because of what they went to the heat in two woolen uniforms, and the new was easier and more convenient, and in the summer the army worn jackets and lung pants canvas.

The new form was also pretty beautiful, like an old

Nikita Ivanovich Panin,head of russian foreign Policy In the first half of the Board of Catherine the second. Count Panin was one of the educational Russian people of their time. Ekaterina called itencyclopedia . He was interested in the most diverse issues from the field. state knowledge And he was familiar with many classic works of philosophical literature. This Rossian diplomat developed a chord, which was a plan of the Union of such northern powers, as Russia, Prussia, Sweden, and the Commonwealth, which was the kingdom of the Polish and Lithuanian principality. The North Accord was due to Panin's thoughts, to exalt the prestige and importance of Russia, to create a union of all northern powers around her. After palace coup 1762 made an attempt to limit the monarchical power, submitting the draft institution of the Imperial Council and the reform of the Senate. In the introduction to the project, Panin gave a sharp criticism of the dominant arrangement in the management of the arrangement and proposed the establishment of the Council from 6-8 ministerial members; All papers that require the signature of the sovereign should have been held through this advice and be certified by any of the ministers. Of course, the project was rejected by the Empress, but after that Panin did not lose positions.

Alexey Grigorievich Orlov forced the emperorPeter III sign an act of renunciation and arranged his murder, for which the rank of General Major was received. Orlov did not receive good education and upbringing, he did not know foreign languages, and his bad manners were shocked, but despite this, he was interested in science, patronized Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov and Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin, consisted of correspondence with Jacques Jacques Rousseau. Was one of the founders of the first scientific society called "Imperial Film Economic Society and its first elected chairman.
Lev Alexandrovich Naryshkin during the palace coup was a commitment to Peter Third because of which he was arrested, but a little later, during the coronation of Catherine the second, he was released and appointed the senior boss stables, and before that he was just the boss of the stable.

Gabriel Romanovich Derzhavin is a real genius, which, however, succeeded on a literary field, being an adult person who took place. He was able to conquer with her bold sincerity, and destroy peace. An amazing honesty arose him to the top of glory, and then as rapidly "dropped" the poet with Olympus.

Related and more infant nobleman, he honestly and sincerely served as a later will say A.S. Pushkin in the "Captain Daughter", "honestly, who swear." Derzhavin passed the complex path of a simple soldier, having achieved, however, recognition, and officer-rank without any help. He participates in the suppression of the Pugachev uprising, and it brings him fame.

An intelligent officer, who previously published whole collections of ambiguous poems, written in unusual for that time, remained unnoticed as a writer until, the opening openness of Empress Catherine II, her affairs for the benefit of Russia, he does not create a bold ODU "Felitsa".

The names of the heroes are chosen in no coincidence: the young poet borrowed them from the teaching fairy tale, personally studied by Empress for his grandson. This allusion later puts the beginning of a whole cycle of OD, dedicated to Felice, but it is from the first and hardly most important in the work of the poet, a colossal breakthrough in the field of poetic art is connected.

As you know, G.R. Derzhavin lived at the time when the greatest figures of literature, "Parnassian Titans", adhered to the strict framework of classicism. Only in the second half of the 18th century M. Lomonosov, A. Mikov, M. Heraskov and other writers begin to retreat from these traditions, but do not make it with such a scope, with such an easyness that Derzhavin will succeed.

He belongs to the expression "Funny Russian Slog". Indeed, "about the virtues of Felitsa" he will be announced in the genre of ODD - in a high style, resorting to the help of a high spiritual matter. And at the same time the poet ripped out the usual canons, as if it would break the paper sheet.

The topic of ODD is social and political. Derzhavin, who participated in the suppression of the uprising of Emelyan Pugacheva, did not know what "meaningless and merciless" Russian riot; He saw with his own eyes and felt, with which rejection, the people are tuned to the Russian nobility. But the poet did not call for the liberation of the peasantry - he understood that Russia would choose in the blood, first of all the noble, since yesterday's slaves will take revenge on their oppressors. That is why Derzhavin sees salvation in an enlightened absolutism, where strict and strict observance of laws, the Board at which there will be no arbitrariness of the authorities. Only so you can protect the empire from new riots, from new meaningless victims. The image of such a government poet finds in Catherine II. The Felitsa Oda is not the creation of a marvelous sovereign, but a living and sincere enthusiastic response to the activities of the Empress.

On the one hand, this work is inconusably, since the action in it does not develop. And at the same time, it has some rapidness, moments: so, with the abundance of sovereign images, the images of events are detected; The poet in chronological sequence describes the fun of the court Catherine, however, as well as the life of the Empress.

The composition of ODD is inconsistent; It creates the central image, the incarnation of which is the "god-like princess", and develops throughout the narrative, is considered from all sides. In this case, the reception of antithesis is applied: the virtues of Felitsa are opposed to idleness and the lowestness of her "Murz".

Felitsa is written by a four-stranded yamba with the replacement of the Namba pyriece stop. Derzhanin addresses the classical one-ten-year stanza with a complex rhyme (first crossed, then pairwise, then ring); The poet alternates the male and female rhymes.

Expressive funds of ODA are distinguished by a stunning imagination with a variety. The main poetic admission becomes the above-mentioned antithesis, as well as allusions - on the Count Orlova, P. Panin, etc. Derzhavin appeals to the sublime syllable, and therefore in Oda, a huge place is given to the Church Slavonic words. "Felitsa" is rich with metaphors ("fry in ice baths"), but I am replete with epithets ("Harp Sweet", "Safirns of the Wings", "Liaza contempt"), comparisons ("Angel Mertky", comparison of the Empress with a vehicle, "like a wolf sheep , people do not give "), hyperboles (characteristic of the poetic mood of ODA as a whole). Among the stylistic figures, inversion and gradation are especially distinguished ("pleasant, sweet, useful"). The mansion is the reception of irony, moving in sarcasm. They manifest themselves in stanza, where the lyrical hero describes his own entertainment, indicating however he, hero, debauchered, but also "all the world is". This remark allows to emphasize the greatness and virtues of the empress, whose subjects are unworthy to serve it.

In this case, the first time is a mixture of styles: in a solemn work, it is suddenly found the features of the "low" style - sarcasm. In addition, this is the first in the history of Russian literature Odi, where the image of the author, where his personal opinion speaks out. Derzhavin depicts himself in the image of a lyrical hero, unworthy of honor to serve as an enlightened public, which is frightened by high titles, lush festivals, unworthy of the noble person of pleasures, luxury; Felice is unuschable cruelty and injustice. The poet depicts the Empress as a god-fearing government, which is interested in the well-being of Her people - no wonder in Oda there is a comparison with the angel, sent to the Earth to rule the state Russian.

Daring, individual, bright praise, which Gabriel Romanovich himself determined as a "mixed ODU," was adopted by the sovereign. An innovation of Derzhavinus allowed to discard the strict and inaccessible to the wide range of readers of the framework of classicism. The originality of the work, his richest and attractive language will further receive the widest distribution; The trend will be developed in the work at first V. Zhukovsky, and then the chief "reformer" of the Russian literary language A.S. Pushkin. Thus, the Derzhavinskaya Felitsa anticipates the emergence of the romantic direction in Russian literature.

Oda "Felitsa" Derzhavina, summary which is given in this article - one of the most famous works of this Russian poet of the XVIII century. He wrote it in 1782. After publication, the name of Derzhavin became known. In addition, the ODA has turned into a visual example of a new style in domestic poetry.

Its name is the "Felitsa" of Derzhavin, the brief content of which you read, received on behalf of the heroine "Tales about Tsarevich Chlorine." The author of this work is Empress Ekaterina II.

In his work, Derzhavin calls the government of Russia itself. By the way, it translates as "happiness". The essence of OD is reduced to the glorification of Catherine (its habits, modesty) and a caricature, even mocking image of her pompous environment.

In images that describe Derzhanin in the "Felitsa" (brief content on the "briefs" not found, but it is in this article), it is easy to find out some of those approximate to the empress. For example, Potemkin, who was considered her favorite. As well as the counts of Panin, Orlov, Naryshkin. The poet skillfully depicts their mocking portraits, demonstrating certain courage. After all, if one of them would be very offended, he could easily deal with the kestin.

It only saved him that Catherine II liked this ODA and the Empress began to relate to the dealership.

At the same time, even in the Oda "Felitsa", the summary of which is given in this article, Derzhavin is decided to give advice to Empress. In particular, the poet advises that she submits the law, one for everyone. Eating a praise of the sovereign.

Uniqueness of the work

After reviewing the summary of ODD "Felitsa", it can be concluded that the author violates all the traditions in which such works were usually written.

The poet actively introduces spoken vocabulary, it does not have non-straining statements. But the most important difference is that he creates an empress in human case, refusing to her official image. It is noteworthy that many of the text embarrassed and disturbed, but the Ekaterina II itself was delighted with him.

The image of the empress

In Ode "Felitsa" Derzhavin, the brief content of which contains the semantic quintessence of the work, the Empress initially appears before us in the usual god-like image. For a writer, she is a sample of an enlightened monarch. At the same time, he embellishes her appearance, holy believing in the image image.

At the same time, thoughts are slipped in verses of the poet not only about the wisdom of power, but also about unscrupiance and low level of education of its performers. Many of them are only interested in their own benefits. It is worth recognizing that these ideas appeared before, but never before historical Persons Not so recognizable.

In Oda "Felitsa" Derzhavin (brief content "briefs" cannot be offered yet) The poet appears before us as a brave and brave discoverer. It makes up an amazing symbiosis, complementing the laudatory ODD with individual features of characters and witty satire.

History of creation

It is the ODA "Felitsa" Derzhavin, a brief content of which is convenient for general familiarization with the work, made a name to the poet. Initially the author did not think about printing this poem. I did not advertise him and hid the authorship. He seriously feared the revenge of influential nobles, which was not in the best light pictures in the text.

Only in 1783 the work was distributed due to the princess Dashkova. The close companion of the Empress printed him in the journal "Interlocutor of Russian Word lovers." By the way, the government of Russia gave his texts and itself. According to the memoirs of Derzhavin, Catherine II was so hot, when for the first time he read OED, which even began to cry. In such touched feelings, Dashkov's self was discovered.

The Empress certainly wished to find out who was the author of this poem. It seemed to her that in the text everything was depicted as accurate as possible. In gratitude to the ODU "Felitsa" Derzhavin, a summary and analysis of which are given in this article, she sent the Gold tobacco Poet. She lay 500 Chervonians.

After such a generous royal gift to Derzhavin, literary glory came and success. No one poet knew such popularity before him.

Thematic diversity of the works of Derzhavin

Giving a characteristic of Ode "Felitsa" Derzhavin, it should be noted that the very idea is a joking sketch of the Russian government, as well as especially close to her noble. At the same time in the text rise important problems State level. These are corruption, responsibility of officials, their concern for statehood.

Art features of OD "Felitsa"

Derzhavin worked in the genre of classicism. This direction strictly prohibited to connect several genres, for example, high ODU and Satira. But the poet decided on such a bold experiment. Moreover, he not only united them into its text, but also made something unprecedented for the literature of that very conservative time.

Derzhavin simply crashes the tradition of laudatory OD, actively applying a reduced, conversational vocabulary in its text. Even the frank spaciousness uses, which, in principle, were not welcomed in the literature in those years. The most important thing, paints Empress Catherine II by an ordinary person, refusing its classic parade description, which was actively used in such works.

That is why it is possible to meet a description of household scenes and even a literary still life.

Innovation of Derzhavin

Famous, the household image of Felicia, for which the Empress is easily guessed - one of the main innovations of Derzhavin. At the same time, he manages to create text so as not to reduce its image. On the contrary, the poet makes him real and humane. Sometimes it seems that the poet writes it from nature.

While reading the poem "Felitsa" you can make sure that the author managed to make the individual characteristics of real historical characters taken from life or created by imagination. All this was shown on the background of the household situation, which was depicted as colorful as possible. All this has made ODE understandable and memorable.

As a result, the "Felitsa" Daughne skillfully combines the style of the laudatory OD, with the individualization of real heroes, also contributes the element of satire. Ultimately, in Ode, which belongs to high style, there are many elements of low styles.

Derzhavin himself determined her genre as mixed ODU. He argued: it differs from classical ODA in that the author's mixed genre has a unique opportunity to talk about everything in the world. So the poet destroys the canons of classicism, the poem opens the way for new poetry. This literature is developed in the work of the author of the next generation - Alexander Pushkin.

Values \u200b\u200bof ODD "Felitsa"

Derzhavin himself admitted that great merit is that he decided on such an experiment. The famous researcher of his work, Khodasevich, notes that Derzhavin was most proud of the fact that the first of the Russian poets spoke "a funny Russian syllable", as he himself called.

But the poet was aware that his ooda would be, in fact, the first artistic incarnation of Russian life, will become an embryo of realistic novel. Khodasevich also believed that if Derzhavin lived to the publication "Eugene Onegin", then, undoubtedly, would have found in her the exhalation of his creativity.